A Novel Method of Resampling and Support Vector Machine for Brain Tumor Classification
R. Jayanthi1, A. Hepzibah Christinal1, R. Hephzibah1, D.Abraham Chandy2, T. Shekinah3Brain tumors are life-threatening conditions that require accurate diagnosis for effective treatment, and magnetic Resonance Imaging plays a significant role in the diagnosis of brain tumors. Categorization of the tumor type is essential for making necessary medical decisions. Brain Tumor is commonly classified as Normal, Benign, or Malignant. There is a publicly available dataset in Kaggle for brain tumor classification with classes such as meningioma, pituitary gland, glioma, and no tumor. In our work, we proposed a novel method, Smote Tomek with Support Vector Machine (SVM), for brain tumor classification.The Combined sampling technique of smote from oversampling and Tomek from Undersampling was applied to compensate for the imbalance in the data.First, we implemented the combined technique of SMOTETomek to clear this data imbalance, leading to an improvement in the results.We then fitted the balanced data to the SVM classifier. Hence, our proposed method produces the best result with an accuracy of 95% for categorizing the data as pituitary tumor or no tumor. It also provides better results in terms of other metrics such as sensitivity and specificity. This method was also compared with other competent classifiers and was found to be an effective method for the classification of brain tumor data.
Purpose: To determine if the use of health information technology contributes to burnout among radiologic technologists. Methods: Searches for original research on burnout and the effects of health information technology among radiologic technologists were conducted in the Pub Med and Cochrane databases and the Radiology and Radiologic Technology journals from 2011 – 2024. Results: Moderate to high levels of burnout were seen predominantly among radiographers between thirty to forty years of age and with at least ten years of experience. The studies did not assess the effects of health information technology, and a correlation could not be established. Conclusion: Radiologic technologists, specifically women in radiography, are affected by burnout. Dissatisfaction with employer incentives and operations and COVID-19 mitigation strategies were contributors. Health information technology usage on burnout among radiologic technologists was not assessed, identifying opportunities to explore this field.
Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death among females worldwide and its behavior epidemiologically likes a venereal disease of low infectiousness. Early age at first intercourse and multiple sexual partners have been shown to exert strong effects on risk. Genital Human papilloma virus is the central risk factor for developing cervical cancer. Ethiopia has a population of 36.9 million women ages 15 years and older who are at risk of developing cervical cancer. Its incidence is 31.0 per 100,000 women with 7,445 annual number of new cases and 5,338 deaths every year. In order to investigate the epidemiology of cervical cancer associated with the human papillomavirus in Ethiopia, I construct mathematical model for progression of human papilloma virus with vaccination intervention; and I took into consideration nonlinear ordinary differential equations. I used a nonlinear stability analysis method for proving the local and global stability of the existing equilibrium point. I proved that the disease free equilibrium point is locally asymptotically stable and also globally asymptotically stable. Using second generation matrix, I obtained the effective and basic reproduction number for the dynamical system.Using standard parameter estimation I found that the numerical value of effective reproduction number is and the basic reproduction number is . From this numerical value it is possible to conclude that vaccination intervention strategy is effective to control the spread of human papilloma virus diseases. The most sensitive parameter is the proportion rate of vaccinated Individuals. I also conduct numerical simulations which support the finding in the sensitivity analysis.
Inordinate Alcohol Consumption is a Social Problem: A Study among the Lodha Tribal Population
Madhuparna Srivastava Subir BiswasConsumption of locally brewed alcoholic beverages is considered a customary practice by the indigenous communities in India. However, unrestrained alcohol use by members of the tribal communities in India has been widely reported. While most studies focus on the cultural and economic significance of ethnic beverages, lesser number of studies focuses on the impact of alcohol consumption on these populations. There is a further dearth of systematic study on the adverse social impact of alcohol consumption on the tribal communities. The present study attempts to determine the prevalence of alcohol consumption and its social impact from some identified Lodha tribal villages of Paschim Medinipur district of West Bengal. Data for the study was collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussion. The theoretical framework of thematic analysis has been used for data analysis. With the application of the framework three adverse social impact of inordinate alcohol consumption were identified namely domestic abuse, child care negligence and impaired work productivity.
Augmented Reality Experience Modeling in B2C E-Commerce: Buyer Behaviour Perspective
1Dr. Palima Pandey,2Dr. Anjana SinghThe up surging role of artificial intelligence (AI)towards orchestrated marketing approach assist resonating target customers from different touch points. Technologies such as augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality(VR) play a crucial role by inducing a nexus of sensory stimuli in enhancing buyers’ experiential value and determining their purchase behaviour. Through physical mapping, AR applications recognize and track physical space and objects followed by the placement of virtual objects in the real world. Thus, AR leverage machine learning to enable human-AI interaction. In this line, the present study intended to develop an AR experience model to determine buyers’ behaviour in B2C e-commerce. Partial Least Square based Structural Equation Modeling was incorporated to witness the significance of the hypothesized relationships between the variables; while, bootstrapping technique was utilized to analyze the higher order effects in the proposed model. Findings revealed that the AR-induced perceived augmentation in e-retail enhances the experiential value of customers which positively lead to user engagement and purchase intentions. Further, the study witnessed the role of spatial presence as a mediating variable in perceived augmentation and experiential value relationship. The proposed model is unique to accompany the behavioural consequences predicted by the experiential value gained by the customers during human-AI inter action via AR application in B2C e-commerce. The study may assist marketers to augment their AR-based applications and sensory marketing stimuli in line with customers’ expectations; thus, enriching their experiential value, engagement and purchase intentions in online retail.
Background of the Study: In this competitive world stress become an ingredient of the regular life activities. Particularly for the women workers who are playing multidimensional role as working women and house maker both, stress management is more imperative and it became more desirable when the there is lack of satisfaction for professional life and also observes some irregularities in the personal life. In order to ensure the sustainability at workplace and regularities in the personal life a perfect balance is required in between the personal life and professional life through work-life management as it leads into helping the managing the stress in both the scopes. Work-life balance practices are helpful in diminishing the friction in between the professional and personal life and that reduced the stress, so balanced work-life reduces stress and good stress management practices helps to ensure the good work-life balance. The other set of dependent study variables such as productivity and satisfaction at workplace depends on both the stress level and work-life balance status of the individual. This research work is an effort to create some empirical evidences presenting the work-life balance guided stress management effect on the productivity and satisfaction of working women of Private and Public sector banks. Research Methods: Universe of the study was working women of public and private sector banks of India, but to overcome several research limitations that may arisedue to wider geographical scope, the geographical scope of research was restricted up to the working women of public and private sector banks of five states of India (Rajasthan, Delhi, Uttarpradesh andGujarat). Data from the 2076 working women sample population were analyzed.Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression test with standard errors (S.E.) was performed to test the hypotheses. Empirical Conclusions: The research work statically proves the association in between satisfaction and productivity at job and the organization and individual interventions representing the work-life balance guided stress management. The results help to identify the need of working on developing effective and flexible stress management interventions guided through work-life balance at individual and organizational level.
Influence of Digital Marketing on Rural Consumer Buying Behaviour in Tamil Nadu
Mr.S.Sundaravadivelu*; Dr.D.Muruganandam**This study explores the factors influencing consumer behavior towards digital marketing and online shopping in rural areas, specifically in Erode and Namakkal Districts. Utilizing exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on data gathered from 280 respondents through a convenience sampling technique, the research identifies key dimensions affecting online shopping behavior. The findings reveal four primary factors: Digital Marketing Influence and Purchase Decisions, Trust and Shopping Preferences, Accessibility and Digital Engagement, and Social Influence and Urban-Rural Divide. The study shows that promotional offers, online reviews, and awareness play a significant role in consumer decision-making. Trust concerns, such as fraud fears and payment preferences, along with infrastructure limitations like slow internet, also impact purchasing decisions. Additionally, digital marketing's effectiveness is influenced by internet accessibility, regional language ads, and digital literacy. Social factors, including word-of-mouth and geographical disparities, further shape consumer behavior. Based on these insights, the research suggests that businesses focus on enhancing trust through secure transactions, promote localized content, and address infrastructure challenges to increase consumer engagement. Leveraging influencer marketing and offering omnichannel shopping experiences can further boost online sales. This study provides valuable insights for businesses targeting rural consumers, helping them craft more effective, consumer-focused digital marketing strategies that cater to the unique preferences and challenges of rural markets.
Bibliometric Analysis of the European Journal of Information Systems (EJIS) 2019-2023: A study
Dr.Dhana Raju Veeramallu1; Umadevi Vanum2 JRFThis investigation provides a comprehensive statistical analysis of the European Journal of Information Systems (EJIS), published by Taylor & Francis over the five years from 2019 to 2023. The analysis delves into multiple facets of the journal’s publication trends, including the annual distribution of articles, contributions by authors, page-length patterns, the geographical distribution of author affiliations, institutional representation, and author rankings depending upon the sum of publications. Additionally, it examines the thematic focus of the articles, the most highly cited works, and those with the highest number of references. Between the five years, the journal outcome of 211 articles, with in highest output recorded in 2023 (57 articles). Dual-authored papers emerged as the most common form of collaboration, accounting for 30.33% of all contributions. In terms of document length, articles exceeding 20 pages were predominant, representing 38.86% of the total. While most articles were authored by individuals affiliated with academic institutions, a notable trend in 2023 highlighted a shift toward contributions from other sectors. Geographically, authors from the United States led in contributions, comprising 25.76% of the total. Content analysis revealed that empirical research articles dominated the journal’s output, making up 37.91% of the publications. These findings illuminate the growth trajectory and evolving focus of EJIS over the analyzed timeframe, shedding light on trends in authorship patterns, institutional contributions, and thematic priorities. This bibliometric evaluation offers valuable insights for researchers, editors, and policymakers aiming to understand the journal’s academic influence and strategic direction.
Aim: To study the clinic odemographic features of psoriasis in elderly population, Materials and methods: This is a cross sectional study carried out in geriatric patients with psoriasis. The detailed history and examination were done and the clinicodemographic data was collected. Patients were also subjected to routine blood investigations like fasting Blood Sugar, Post Prandial Blood Sugar & fasting lipid profile to rule out any underlying undiagnosed co-morbidity. Observation: A total of 120 patients were included in this study. Most of the patients (87%)had a new onset on psoriasis at an elderly age (onset after 60 years of age, n =104) whereas only 16 patients(13%) had early onset in adulthood. This study showed a female preponderance (F= 68; M=52). The most common type of psoriasis seen in this study was psoriasis vulgaris followed by palmoplantar, palmar, plantar, scalp, plantar and guttate psoriasis respectively. Family history was uncommon and was seen in only 4 patients. Most of the patients with hard labour had palmoplantar involvement suggestive of long term subclinical inflammation as a trigger to psoriasis. Co-morbidities were less common, only 18%(n=22) had co-morbidities. Nail involvement was seen in 21 patients out of which nail changes specific to psoriasis was seen in 8 patients, Conclusion: Psoriasis should not be regarded as a single organ involvement and the treating physician should look for the associated co-morbidities and also make necessary lifestyle changes for appropriate management. Most of the patients in this study were still working comprising of some form of physical labour, in spite of being elderly that correlates with the lower incidence of co-morbidities in this study. Subclinical trauma for long duration can act as a trigger or koebner phenomenon for psoriasis.Further studies on a larger scale need to be done to elucidate the association of occupation and type of clinical psoriasis.
Maritime Safety and the Responsibilities of Shipping Companies
Ismail Bin AliThis paper aims to discuss aspects of maritime safety and the responsibilities of shipping companies in ensuring safer maritime operations and the sustainability of seas and oceans. The main objective of this study is to examine the responsibilities of shipping companies in managing safety issues in waters and analyze the challenges faced by the shipping industry. The rapid development of the global shipping industry, along with increasing demand for goods transportation, has led to various safety issues that require serious attention. Current maritime safety concerns in shipping include risks of maritime accidents, piracy, chemical spills, and damage to navigation equipment. The methodology used in this study is a literature review that involves analysis of official documents, maritime incident reports, and international safety regulations such as SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea). The structure of the paper consists of four main sections: the development of the shipping industry, current safety issues, the responsibilities of shipping companies, and recommendations for improvement. The findings suggest that shipping companies need to be more committed to safety training, compliance with international regulations, and the adoption of new technologies to enhance maritime safety. The way forward emphasizes the need for collaboration between governments, enforcement agencies, and shipping companies to ensure better maritime safety in the future.
Can Gamified Literacy Strengthen Cryptocurrency Investment?
Garima Agrawal, Dr. Gunjan SharmaPurpose –This Research sought to discover how gamification in financial literacy facilitates investment behavior and which faspects are more significant while making cryptocurrency investments. Methodology– The research employed SmartPLS 4 software and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to validate the model, which integrates aspects like gamification, financial literacy, and investment. To gain a better knowledge of the problem, the study conducted a systematic literature review using the ADO (Antecedents, Decision, Outcome) paradigm. To evaluate suggested solutions, data were collected from 557 financial application users. Findings The study revealed that both objective and subjective knowledge of finance were positively linked to cryptocurrency investment. Nonetheless, subjective financial knowledge(SFK) had a stronger positive connection with cryptocurrency investment, especially when gamification was a factor. While objective financial knowledge(OFK) significantly affected the decision to hold cryptocurrencies, the role of gamification in this relationship was less impactful. In conclusion, SFK emerged as a more crucial predictor of cryptocurrency investment decisions than OFK. Practical implications – The study's findings provide academics with new information by deepening their understanding of The aspects that affect cryptocurrency investment in India. This research also offers specific implications for financial institutions, financial experts, and politicians in order to advise sensible digital currency investing behaviour. Originality/value – The current research is one of the first that assesses the influence of gamification on investor behaviour in cryptocurrency investment, which has gotten low consideration in the existing literature.
Lived Experiences of Male Prisoners at Morena, India
Kiran Sharma1, Imran Khan2Background: According to the world index, global crime index stands at appalling 45.4% and there is no near respite at the moment. The global dependency on the current police force is 300 per 1 lakh population. In India, the dependency on police stands at 5%; since inmates are members of the society in which they reside and the influences that shape their lives inside their cells have a ripple effect outside of prison walls, understanding the living conditions of prisoners is crucial to improving their experiences. Objective: The aim of current study was to know the scope of nursing in understanding the lived experiences among prisoners. Design: a qualitative phenomenology method with an explorative approach based on “Holistic Health Model” was carried out, Setting: district prison of Morena, Madhya Pradesh. Participants: 30 prisoners from section ‘A’ of the prison. Methods: in-depth interview was conducted which included 30 prisoners, in August 2023. Data was analyzed using Colaizzi’s (‘seven step method’) of interpretation. Results: The findings unveiled that there were four themes social factor, physical wellbeing, family support, finance and eight sub themes, they are desolate, loneliness, food, environment, emotional mess, homesick, financial loss and dereliction respectively. This study gives an insight of male prisoners and their lived experiences. Conclusion: The findings suggested that the male inmates are in need of an interventional implication to improve their experiences in prison to make it more appeasing. A discussion is required with jail authorities to see how the needs of the prisoners are met more holistic in nature.
The growth of the economy is thought to be facilitated by financial inclusion, particularly in developing countries like India. Even though financial inclusion is crucial, a number of factors influence people’s decision making when it comes to getting involved in the financial institutions. To put it simply, the provision of credit, pattern of savings, an effectible payment system, and insurance facilities to all who qualify is referred to as financial inclusion. The primary objective of financial inclusion is to provide easy and affordable access to financial services. The challenge of bridging the gap between low-income and high-income rural populations is a crucial aspect of growth in developing countries. Consequently, the recognition of essential factors that will result in the effective financial integration of the low-income rural population holds equal significance. Strategies that take these factors into account need to be put in place to promote inclusion, and it is important for strategy and policymakers to have a clearer picture of these obstacles. Although these factors can be significant in different parts of the country, their importance and impact on financial inclusion are diverse across geographical areas. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of financial inclusion programs on rural communities in the Nayagarh district. A comprehensive sample of 320 participants from the district was chosen, with a sample size of 40 individuals representing each of the eight blocks. The information was gathered via a convenience sample approach and a questionnaire. Several statistical methods have been used to evaluate the data, such as regression analysis, the ANOVA test, correlation analysis, the t- test and exploratory factor analysis. The examination has proven that, apart from the age groups of the survey participants, financial inclusion practices have a substantial influence on the local community. As a result of regression analysis, it was found that increased financial knowledge was a more prominent indicator of study outcomes. Therefore, it is recommended that stakeholders step forward with an initiative to ensure appropriate facilities for the vulnerable members of society at a reasonable price. This will enhance the usefulness, accessibility, and usability of the area, provide jobs and financing for education, and assist in managing unforeseen hazards and financial crises. In this study, a multivariate linear regression analysis was employed, which supported by working financial inclusion practices, to determine the financial inclusion impact on rural communities.
The "Chakravyuh," an ancient war formation as described in the Indian epic Mahabharata, is a very complex multi-layered spiral formation of soldiers that is intended to trap and exhaust the enemy. This formation offers concentric defensive layers with each successive level requiring specific knowledge and strategy to penetrate. It was the young warrior Abhimanyu who had entered the Chakravyuh but was unable to escape from it, due to his lack of knowledge of certain important tactics. The Chakravyuh thus symbolizes a strong defensive formation as well as a trap whose purpose was to distract, delay, and immobilize the enemy. Inspired by this ancient construct, we present here a new cryptographic model: the Chakravyuh Cryptographic Scheme, incorporating these tenets in the digital world. Chakravyuh structure is much like the encryption system of several layers each being an increasingly complex code. And in this model, too, every layer of the said codes must be cracked in order as depicted above. Just as the formation in the Mahabharata is designed to be selectively penetrable, this cryptographic scheme makes sure that unauthorized access becomes exponentially harder with each successive layer. It relies on dynamically changing keys and access permissions; in other words, it functions as the cyclic and deceitful nature of the Chakravyuh, which defends attacks by containing adversaries within layers of encrypted data. In this architecture, when an attacker fails to decrypt one layer, it throws the attacker into a different level of encryption, effectively locking him/her in a cycle like how the soldiers formed the Chakravyuh that eventually trapped and suffocated Abhimanyu. This method secures the data through multi-level complexity; prevents brute force attacks as well as direct access, hence protects the core data.
Assessment of Sagittal Spinal Curvature among Highly Trained Male Volleyball Players
Dr. Haridas Kuloor1; Tilak Kini T.2The aim of this study was to evaluate the spinal thoracic curvature, lumbar curvature and pelvic tilt inclination in volleyball players .A total of 12male athletes aged 20 -28 years were evaluated in this study. The spinal mouse system(Ideag 360) was used to measure thoracic curvature, lumbar curvature and pelvic tilt in sagittal standing position. Study observed hyper thoracic kyphosis in volleyball players and no changes recorded in lumbar curvature & pelvic tilt inclination. In conclusion, the different type of high intensity sports training impact on angle of spinal curvatures. Repeating specific sports skills or movements for several times may generate specific spinal adaptations in sports persons.
The Evolution of Wavelets: A Comprehensive Historical Review
Mamta Rani1, Pammy Manchanda2This article reviews the historical development of wavelets. We have presented that how wavelet transform overcomes the drawbacks of Fourier transform. The concept of Multiresolution analysis to form ortho normal wavelets and some generalizations of wavelets are also discussed.
To investigate the potential of Hibiscus rosa sinensis (HRS) leaves as a therapeutic agent for treating lung cancer, specifically targeting the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) signalling pathway. The focus was on evaluating the effects of methanol extracts of HRS leaves on A549 lung cancer cells. Method: Methanol extracts of HRS leaves were prepared and tested on A549 lung cancer cells. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined to assess the extract's potency. Apoptosis was evaluated 24 hours after treatment using AO/EtBr staining. Cell migration assays were conducted to examine the impact of the extract on cell movement. Gene expression analysis was performed to measure the levels of EGFR, BCL2, and BAX. In silico docking studies were carried out to determine the binding affinity of flavone, a key phytochemical in HRS, with EGFR. Results: The study found that the methanol extract of HRS leaves significantly inhibited the growth of A549 lung cancer cells, with an IC50 value of 24.68 µg/ml. Apoptosis was confirmed 24 hours post-treatment, as evidenced by AO/EtBr staining. The migration assays demonstrated a reduction in cell movement in treated cells. Gene expression analysis revealed a downregulation of EGFR and the apoptotic marker BAX, while the anti-apoptotic marker BCL2 was upregulated. The in silico docking results showed that flavone had a binding affinity of -6.8 kcal/mol with EGFR.Conclusion: The findings suggest that Hibiscus rosa sinensis leaves have significant potential as a novel treatment option for lung cancer. The extract effectively inhibits EGFR signalling, reduces cell proliferation, and induces apoptosis in lung cancer cells. These results indicate that HRS leaves could be developed into a therapeutic agent for lung cancer treatment.
Using AI Chat Bots to Assist Callers During Emergencies
Ehtesham Ahmed Shariff 1, Suriyakala Perumal Chandran 2 Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have attracted widespread public interest due to their perceived benefits and concerns. Although the potential contribution of LLMs to healthcare has been widely discussed, few studies have carefully examined the application of LLMs, including their use in the personal agreement process. This study evaluated the effectiveness of LL.M students, ChatGPT 3.5, ChatGPT 4.0, and Gemini in creating information on the anesthesia process. It is a pity that despite many attempts no LLM has been able to produce legal documents and the reserve for risk prevention, disclosure, and planning remains inadequate. Therefore, the LLM now clarifies the limitations in practical use, particularly in changing the patient's risk classification by agreement. Interactive agents, including chatbots and interactive voice interaction (IVR), have made significant progress and promise further to advance human-machine interaction, especially in emergency procedures. This article describes a two-manned emergency solution for short-term emergencies using Free Pass IVR and the Bot press chatbot platform, a multi-purpose solution. The solution was evaluated in Romania to demonstrate quality of service (QoS) and effectiveness of service management. Additionally, proof of concept (PoC) was assessed using real data, focusing on current and valid emergency calls in Romania. According to the feasibility study, the PoC is ready to integrate into Romania's emergency; The IVR phone is best suited to the requirements of the country's system.
Integrating AI into EHRs: Addressing Common Challenges in Emergency Departments
1Ahmed Azharuddin*, 2Suriyakala Perumal ChandranObjectives: This study aims to analyze the common challenges faced in Emergency Departments (EDs) and explore how artificial intelligence (AI) can be effectively integrated into Electronic Health Records (EHRs) to enhance patient safety outcomes. Methods: Utilizing quantitative techniques, the research involved a survey of 242 healthcare professionals in the Indian context, selected through purposive sampling. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the data, incorporating various statistical methods such as mean and median calculations to evaluate the findings. Results: The analysis identified key issues in EDs, particularly overcrowding, which was acknowledged by 57.44% of respondents as a significant challenge. The study demonstrated that integrating AI into EHRs offers substantial opportunities to improve treatment quality and patient safety. More than half of the participants expressed strong support for AI integration in EHRs, highlighting its potential to optimize patient care processes, enhance decision-making, and streamline workflows. Conclusions: The findings reveal that addressing common problems in healthcare, such as patient overcrowding and communication barriers among staff, is crucial for improving patient care. The integration of AI and EHRs not only enhances healthcare services but also significantly contributes to better patient safety outcomes. This research underscores the importance of technological advancements in healthcare and provides insights from stakeholders on the effective implementation of AI in EDs.
Background: Movement problems after stroke are one of the leading causes of permanent disability. Upper extremity rehabilitation is important for daily activities, but it is variable and Incomplete. Graded Motor imagery is a comprehensive program that has been proposed to activate cortical motor networks and improve cortical control in three domains: laterality training, imagined movements, and MVF. This study examines the effect of Graded motor imagery(GMI) on improving upper extremity functions in patients with acute and subacute stroke. Objectives: The study is aimed to find the effect of Graded Motor Imagery (GMI) in improving upper extremity functions for patients with Acute and subacute stroke. Materials and methods: The study is based on quasi – experimental study with 30 patients with acute and subacute stroke (15 in experimental group and 15 in control group ) age group between 40 years and above.Fugl-Meyer assessment upper extremity (FMA-UE) is used to measure the upper extremity functions among the patients with acute and subacute stroke. Result: There is a significant improvement in upper extremity functions among patients with acute and subacute stroke. The data analyzed the pretest and post test score of both experimental and control group which shows a significant difference between groups. Since the p value is lesser than 0.05, alternate hypothesis is accepted. Hence, there is statistically significant difference in post test scores between Experimental and Control Group of the FMA-UE. This suggests that the intervention received by the experimental group had significant improvement when compared to the control group. Conclusion: From the findings of this study, it was concluded that Graded Motor Imagery (GMI)has proved its effect in improving upper extremity functions in patients with acute and subacute stroke.
Moth bean (V.aconitifolia) is an orphan legume of Vigna genus, exhibiting wide adaptability and has the potential to grow well in arid and semi-arid areas,predominantly across different eco-geographical regions of Asia, particularly the Indian subcontinent.Moth bean V.aconitifolia) is an orphan legume of Vigna genus, exhibitingwide adaptability and has the potential to grow well in arid and semi-arid areas,predominantly across different eco-geographical regions of Asia, particularly the Indian subcontinent.Chronic stress induces weight loss, malnutrition, and metabolic disorders, compromising overall health and well-being. Vigna aconitifolia (V.aconitifolia), a germinated legume, has been reported to possess potential anti-stress properties, warranting investigation into its therapeutic applications. Eighteen Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into control, ungerminated V.aconitifolia, and germinated V.aconitifolia groups (n=6 per group). Rats were exposed to chronic noise stress for 14 days to simulate stress-induced weight loss. Body weight measurements and biochemical analyses (serum urea, creatinine, cholesterol, protein, albumin, and electrolytes) were performed. Germinated V.aconitifolia supplementation significantly enhanced body weight (13.8% and 23.5% increase after 1st and 2nd week, respectively; P < 0.01), improved protein metabolism (increased serum protein and albumin levels, P < 0.01), and decreased serum cholesterol levels (P < 0.05). Additionally, renal function and electrolyte balance remained stable, as evidenced by unchanged urea, creatinine, and electrolyte profiles.Germinated V.aconitifolia supplementation demonstrates potent weight-enhancing effects, mitigating stress-induced weight loss and promoting healthy weight management, accompanied by favourable biochemical responses. These findings suggest its potential as a dietary supplement for stress-related disorders. The bioactive compounds present in germinated V.aconitifolia may contribute to its beneficial effects. This study provides evidence for the anti-stress potential of germinated V.aconitifolia, supporting its use as a complementary therapy for stress-induced weight loss and metabolic disorders. Further research is warranted to explore its effects in human populations and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
Urban neighborhoods face growing challenges in sustainability, regeneration, and livability, especially in rapidly urbanizing cities like Jakarta, Indonesia. This study develops a comprehensive assessment framework to evaluate urban areas based on Sustainable, Regenerative, and Livable Neighborhood criteria. The framework integrates global sustainability principles, Hamid Shirvani’s urban design theories, and Jakarta’s Detailed Spatial Plan (RTBL), adapting them to local socio-economic and environmental conditions. The Green Pramuka neighborhood serves as the case study for testing this methodology. This research employs a mixed-method approach, combining literature review, indicator development, and Likert-based quantitative scoring. Indicators are categorized into land use allocation, building design, circulation systems, green space, environmental quality, and community activity support. The assessment reveals that while Green Pramuka excels in mixed-use zoning and accessibility, it lacks community activity support, equitable green space distribution, and social inclusivity. These findings highlight the need for integrating social and ecological factors into urban design. The study presents a replicable framework for urban neighborhood assessment, adaptable across different contexts. The results provide practical insights for policymakers and urban designers, advocating for collaboration among governments, developers, and local communities. By addressing physical infrastructure and socio-economic dynamics, this research advances discussions on regenerative urban development in Indonesia and beyond.
Emerging Trends in the Indian Home Fashion Textiles Market Post Covid19
Prof Binaya Jena, Sumita AgrawalHome décor and home fashion textiles, is an umbrella term for products that enhance the appeal of a home that include textiles goods and other decorative products. Under the extended lockdowns during the Covid19 pandemic, home décor acquired significance as people re-looked at their homes. India too witnessed a surge in home fashion, during and after the pandemic, which had traditionally been a product centric market. This paper strives to study the new and persisting trends in the post pandemic scenario of home fashion textiles using recursive abstraction analysis of interview data from 12 leading brand managers and designers across the Indian market and content analysis of social media posts in the three years after the pandemic. The synthesis is a set of major and specific trend directions encompassing consumers, markets and products that have transformed Indian home textiles industry into a consumer-centric market.
This study investigates the quantification of thiamine (vitamin B1) and riboflavin (vitamin B2) in Pleurotusostreatus (oyster mushrooms) cultivated on various lignocellulosic substrates using a simplified specific High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. The substrates included paddy, soya bean, and red gram. Mushroom samples were cultivated, harvested, dried, and ground before being analyzed. The HPLC system used Agilent TC-C18 columns with a mobile phase ratio of acetonitrile and water (90:10) and detection wavelengths of 245 nm for thiamine and 268 nm for riboflavin. Results indicated consistent retention times and accurate concentration measurements, with thiamine concentrations ranging from 3.003 µg/ml to 3.0229 µg/ml and riboflavin concentrations showing more variability from 7.22 µg/ml to 11.050 µg/ml. The method demonstrated reliability and precision, suggesting its suitability for analyzing these vitamins in similar sample matrices. Future research could explore the causes of variability in riboflavin concentrations and extend the method to other types of samples.
Mandibular Guiding Flange Prosthesis- A Technique Report
1Dr. Preetha Krishnamurthy (MDS); 2Dr. Kapil Raju (MDS)*; 3Dr. K. Kasim Mohamed (MDS)Loss of the continuity of the mandible destroys mandibular symmetry, function and presents a major challenge for prosthetic rehabilitation. These challenges include correction of deranged mandibular movements, disfigurement, functional difficulty seen during swallowing, speech and articulation, and deviation of the remaining mandibular structure to the surgical side. A corrective device known as guiding flange prosthesis (GFP) is used to limit these manifestations and guide the patient to reposition the mandible in the intercuspal position. As restoration of acceptable functional occlusion is one of the goals of maxillofacial prosthodontists, an interdisciplinary approach between oncologists/oral surgeons and prosthodontists is required while treating such patients. This technique report describes early prosthodontic management of two adults and one boy in his late childhood who had undergone hemi-mandibulectomy with acrylic GFP.
Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Paeonia Officinalis (Oodsaleeb): A Systematic Review
Swaleha Akhtar1, Tanzeel Ahmad2, Jamal Azmat3, S Javed Ali4Aim: To provide a systematic overview of the morphology, ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of Ood saleeb (Paeonia officinalis). Material and Methods: A comprehensive review was conducted using diverse search engines and databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and traditional Unani manuscripts. The review included experimental, clinical, and ethnopharmacological studies. Results: Paeonia officinalis, native to temperate regions of Europe and Asia, is highly valued in Unani and other traditional medicine systems for its extensive therapeutic applications. The roots and other plant parts are traditionally used to treat neurological, gastrointestinal, and reproductive disorders. Phytochemical analysis reveals bioactive compounds such as paeoniflorin, tannins, flavonoids, and alkaloids, which contribute to the following pharmacological properties:Anti-inflammatory, Anxiolytic, Antioxidant, Anticonvulsant, Analgesic. Scientific evidence supports its potential in managing conditions such as epilepsy, anxiety, depression, and oxidative stress through mechanisms involving neurotransmitters and signaling pathways. Additionally, it exhibits cardioprotective, gastroprotective, antithrombotic, and abortifacient effects. Conclusion: This review highlights the therapeutic potential of Paeonia officinalis as a versatile medicinal agent, particularly in managing generalized anxiety disorder and other psychosomatic conditions. Further clinical research is warranted to validate its efficacy and safety.
Introduction: Effective management of acute postoperative pain remains a crucial aspect of surgical care. This study aimed to evaluate patient satisfaction with acute postoperative pain management among elective surgery patients. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted over three months at R.L. Jalappa Hospital and Research Centre, involving 62 patients undergoing elective surgeries under spinal anesthesia. Data was collected using the American Pain Society Patient Outcome Questionnaire (APS-POQ), assessing pain intensity, interference with activities, and satisfaction with pain management. Results: The study included 62 patients (54.8% male, 45.2% female), predominantly aged 31-45 years (45.2%). Mean average pain score was 4.8±1.6, with worst pain scores of 6.7±1.9. Pain significantly interfered with daily activities (5.3±2.1) and sleep (4.9±2.3). Overall, 64.6% of patients reported being satisfied or very satisfied with pain management. Orthopedic surgeries constituted the majority (35.5%) of procedures, with 59.7% patients classified as ASA Grade I. Conclusion: While overall satisfaction with postoperative pain management was good, there remains scope for improvement in managing pain's interference with daily activities and sleep. The findings suggest the need for more individualized pain management approaches and regular assessment of patient satisfaction.
From Boundaries to Burdens: Youth's Enculturation or Dehumanization?
Fatima Farooq; Rana Muhammad Asfandyar; Dr. Abid Ghafoor ChaudhryThe study explorers whether the cultural rules and regulations ends up in enculturation or dehumanization youth being stuck between the expectation of their cultural norms and the dream of modern lifestyle. The purpose of this research is to highlight the cultural expectation stress on young people that hinders their dream. Youth are shackle between the tyranny of cultural expectations and struggles of the capitalized world. This research uses explanatory research designs that leads to the explanation of relationship between the cultural boundaries and youth’s dream, it is followed by the use of constructivist world view that provides the structure to conduct the qualitative research. The sample was collected using theoretical sampling and the data was collected via in-depth interviews for getting rich and in depth information. It uses thematic analysis to interpret the data. The research findings reveal that the youth are emotionally and expectation vise burdened by the culture but some have find out the hybrid way of carrying life forward by taking cultural heritage and their dreams hand in hand maintaining their personal identity along with-out leaving the cultural linkage.
Background: Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a common complication following general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation, affecting 21-65% of patients. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of preoperative nebulization with ketamine versus 4% lidocaine in preventing POST. Methods: This prospective, randomized, double-blind study included 134 patients (ASA I-II, aged 18-65 years) undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups: Group A (n=67) received nebulization with ketamine 50 mg (1 mL) plus normal saline (2 mL), and Group B (n=67) received 4% lidocaine (1 mL) plus normal saline (2 mL). POST was assessed at 0, 6, and 24 hours postoperatively using a visual analog scale (VAS). Hemodynamic parameters were monitored throughout the procedure. Results: The incidence of POST at 6 hours was significantly lower in the ketamine group (8.9%) compared to the lidocaine group (28.9%, p=0.042). At 24 hours, the ketamine group showed complete resolution (0%) while the lidocaine group maintained 8.9% incidence (p=0.038). VAS scores showed predominantly mild pain in the ketamine group (50.7%) compared to more severe pain patterns in the lidocaine group (47.8% severe, p=0.001). Hemodynamic parameters remained stable in both groups with minimal variations. Conclusion: Preoperative ketamine nebulization provides superior prophylaxis against POST compared to 4% lidocaine, with an acceptable hemodynamic profile and no significant adverse effects.
Externalizing and Internalizing Behaviour of Adolescents: A Gender Difference
Saswati Pragnya Sahoo1; Dr. Subhasmita Panda2Adolescence is the most turbulent period during which externalizing and internalizing behaviours emerge. Although there are increasing trends in internalizing and externalizing issues, a paucity of research examines the gender disparities in these behavioural concerns. This study seeks to elucidate the influence of gender on the externalizing and internalizing behaviours of adolescents. The sample consists of 30 students, conveniently drawn from both male and female adolescents between the ages range 16 to 18 years. Their behavioural issues were assessed using the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) questionnaires. An independent sample t-test was used to investigate gender-specific discrepancies in externalizing and internalizing behaviours. The statistical analysis reveals that female adolescents exhibit a higher incidence of internalizing behaviour compared to their male counterparts, while male adolescents display a greater propensity towards externalizing behaviour. Moreover, female adolescents demonstrate a higher prevalence of comorbid behaviour (both internalizing and externalizing) compared to their male adolescents. Externalizing behaviours such as rule-breaking and aggression are predominantly observed among male adolescents rather than females. Internalizing behaviours, encompassing anxiety, withdrawal, and somatic complaints, are more commonly observed among adolescent females than males.
A Non Intrusive Approach for Detection of Driver Drowsiness and Alcohol Influence using IOT
1 Ranjith M S; 2Raja Mohamed SOne of the major contributors to car accidents is either being drunk or tired, which has a significant impact on road safety. By having appropriate warnings in place for overworked drivers, more fatal accidents could be prevented. Various technologies for detecting drowsiness can be implemented to keep track of a driver's alertness and alert them if they show signs of inattentiveness while driving. The sensors in self-driving vehicles must be able recognize if the person who drives is drowsy, angry, or experiencing extreme changes in emotions, such as drowsiness The sensors must constantly track the driver's expressions and identify their facial characteristics to recognize changes in their facial expressions and figure out if they are driving safely.. Real-time alerts or notifications can be established at regular intervals in this document. Machine learning techniques are used to measure the amount of tiredness, and the convolutional neural network-based detection of drowsiness approach based on eye aspect ratio was constructed and tested with varied brightness circumstances, providing an accuracy of 83.25% in identifying facial expression alterations. Additionally, an Arduino board with an alcohol sensor which is used to detect alcohol consumption by the driver, which is checked and recorded before each trip and continuously stored in the organization's database. By monitoring these recorded details, vulnerable drivers can be identified and safety while driving can be ensured.
Background: Post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) affects 20-30% of surgical patients. Current prediction models using Apfel score may not capture psychological risk factors. This study investigated anxiety sensitivity as a potential predictor of PONV. Methods: This prospective observational study enrolled 77 ASA I-II female non-smoking patients aged 18-70 years undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia. Preoperatively, patients completed the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3) questionnaire measuring somatic, cognitive, and social concerns. Standardized general anesthesia was administered, and PONV prophylaxis included ondansetron 4mg. PONV was assessed over 24 hours using a numerical rating scale (0-10). Results: PONV occurred in 41.5% of patients. ASI-3 scores were significantly higher in PONV group (17.8 ± 10.4 vs 15.1 ± 13.2, p=0.042). Multivariate analysis showed ASI-3 scores >7 increased PONV risk (OR 4.92, 95% CI 1.73-13.85, p=0.002). Other significant predictors included lack of prophylaxis (OR 3.65, p=0.011), postoperative opioids (OR 3.58, p=0.006), and age (OR 1.03, p=0.038). Conclusion: Anxiety sensitivity independently predicts PONV risk. Incorporating ASI-3 assessment into preoperative screening could enhance PONV prediction and prevention strategies.
Drink-fit Analysis of Gomti River Water: Impact of Seasons and Flow Dynamics
Dr.Ritu JainThe river Gomti is a lifeline for Lucknow, playing a vital role in the city's socio-economic and cultural fabric. The river's water quality undergoes dynamic changes throughout the year due to seasonal variations and anthropogenic activities. Research was carried out to investigate the water quality of Gomti River during the pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon periods to understand the temporal variations and identify potential environmental challenges in approximately 14 Km. The samples were collected from 9 major points. To understand the water quality, physicochemical parameters were identified via the examination of pH, temperature, turbidity, total dissolved solids, Total hardness, chloride, fluoride, DO, BOD, COD, E.Coli and Total Coli. Data has been compared with existing data and qualitative correlation has been found between season dynamics with E.Coli concentration. The research survey has determined that a significant portion of pollution in the Gomti River originates from numerous drains discharging untreated industrial and domestic waste directly into the river. As a result, the physico-chemical and microbiological quality of the Gomti River is poor, rendering it unsafe and unsuitable for any use. The findings showed that the River Gomti water needs emergent river restoration initiatives by the local communities, the policymakers, and environmental agencies residing in Lucknow city for the sustainable water resource management and environmental conservation of River Gomti.
Introduction: the integration of Big Data and IoT is transforming industries by enabling real-time decision-making, automation, and advanced data analytics. Objective: This study systematically reviews recent research to explore applications, challenges, and emerging trends in Big Data-IoT convergence across sectors like healthcare, manufacturing, smart cities, and supply chain management. Methods: Using peer-reviewed literature from IEEE Xplore, Science Direct, ACM Digital Library, and other databases, the study identifies key frameworks, security concerns, and scalability limitations while highlighting the transformative role of AI-driven analytics, edge computing, and blockchain technology in optimizing IoT efficiency. Results: The findings indicate that Big Data-IoT integration enhances operational efficiency, sustainability, and predictive intelligence, but challenges such as security vulnerabilities, data privacy risks, and high infrastructure costs must be addressed. Emerging technologies like 5G networks, AI-powered IoT analytics, and blockchain security models offer potential solutions to enhance scalability, security, and real-time processing. Despite these challenges, investments in scalable architecture, standardized protocols, and cybersecurity frameworks will drive innovation and unlock the full potential of data-driven IoT ecosystems. Conclusion: This study contributes to existing knowledge by providing a comprehensive synthesis of current research, identifying key challenges, solutions, and future trends, and offering valuable insights for researchers, industry leaders, and policymakers aiming to build secure, efficient, and intelligent IoT infrastructures for a connected future.
Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry: A Narrative Review
Dr. Pooja HampannavarAim: To explore the integration of Artificial Intelligence in dentistry, examining its impact on diagnostics, treatment planning, and patient care. Background: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed the field of dentistry by enhancing diagnostic accuracy and treatment methodologies, leading to better patient outcomes. Tools such as machine learning algorithms and image recognition systems have significantly improved the precision and efficiency of diagnostics, treatment planning, and overall patient management. This technological innovation holds great promise in refining dental practices and optimizing workflow processes. Methodology: A comprehensive literature search was performed across multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar, using a combination of Boolean operators and MeSH terms to identify studies on the application of AI in dentistry. The search was restricted to English-language studies, including systematic reviews, original research, and meta-analyses. Data was extracted by two independent reviewers, focusing on AI applications, methods, findings, and ethical concerns, with discrepancies resolved through discussion or a third reviewer. The extracted data was categorized thematically to provide a clear overview of AI’s role in dentistry. Results: AI applications in dentistry are diverse and transformative, enhancing diagnostic accuracy in radiology and pathology through techniques like convolutional neural networks and image recognition. In prosthodontics, AI optimizes prosthetic design and surgical planning using CAD/CAM technology and predictive models. AI-driven tools also improve accessibility via tele-dentistry and boost operational efficiency with practice management solutions. However, challenges such as data quality, ethical concerns, over-reliance on AI, and high implementation costs must be addressed to enable wider adoption and integration into dental practices. Conclusion: AI has the potential to significantly enhance various aspects of dental care, improving diagnostic accuracy, treatment planning, and patient management. However, addressing the challenges related to data quality, ethical concerns, and integration costs is essential for its successful and widespread adoption in the field. Clinical significance: The clinical significance of AI in dentistry lies in its ability to enhance diagnostic accuracy, leading to more timely interventions and improved patient outcomes. By streamlining workflows and enabling personalized treatment plans, AI also offers significant potential for increasing efficiency and accessibility in dental practices, benefiting both patients and practitioners.
Background: Evidence-Based Dentistry (EBD) is essential for enhancing clinical decision-making by integrating scientific research, clinical expertise, and patient preferences. Despite increasing awareness, challenges such as limited training, time constraints, and difficulty in accessing quality evidence hinder its effective implementation. Aim: This study aims to assess the awareness, knowledge, and attitude toward EBD among dental practitioners in Haldia, West Bengal. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among dental practitioners in Haldia, West Bengal, from January to March 2025. A structured, prevalidated questionnaire with 22 items was used to assess awareness, knowledge, attitude, and barriers related to EBD. The questionnaire’s internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) was 0.85. A total of 288 dentists participated, selected randomly from academic institutions and private clinics. Data were collected through personal visits, and informed consent was obtained from all participants. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize data, and a t-test was applied to compare differences based on demographic and professional factors. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Most participants (88.8%) were aware of EBD, and all understood key terminologies. While 94.4% knew how to apply EBD, 16.9% faced difficulties. A majority (94.4%) used search tools like PubMed and believed EBD improved patient care, yet only 28.1% found it helpful in clinical decision-making. Time constraints (66.3%) and lack of skills (15.7%) were major barriers. Senior practitioners had greater familiarity, but challenges remained across experience levels (p = 0.52). All participants supported integrating EBD into undergraduate curricula. Conclusion: While dental practitioners exhibit high awareness and a positive attitude toward EBD, barriers such as inadequate training and resource accessibility limit its application. Structured educational initiatives and improved access to scientific literature are essential for strengthening EBD adoption in clinical practice.
Progressive Symmetrical Erythrokeratoderma (PSEK) - A Mimicker of Psoriasis, a Rare Case Report
1Dr. Siddharth Munot; 2Dr. Sharada VG; 3Dr. Bhavana DoshiProgressive symmetrical erythrokeratodermia (PSEK), also known as Gottron’s disease, is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis with variable penetrance presenting as sharply defined, erythematous and hyperkeratotic plaques symmetrically over the limbs and buttocks. This is a report of two siblings presenting with these lesoins which started at the age of 5 years in the male and 3 years in the female born out of third degree consanguineous marriage. Both were treated with 0.5mg/kg oral isotretinoin and moisturisers containing urea which showed drastic improvement in two months. Histopathology showed marked ortho hyperkeratosis and focal irregular areas of acanthosis and focal papillomatosis. It’s important to rule out psoriasis which is it’s closest differential diagnosis. Lesions progress during childhood and stabilise after puberty
Aims and Objectives: The study aimed to find the effect of graded repetitive arm supplementary program in improving upper extremity function and self-efficacy among women with post-operative breast cancer. Methods: Thirty women between the ages of 30-55 years who were already diagnosed with breast cancer were selected and participated in this study. The participants were divided into 2 groups, each 15 in experimental and control group. DASH scale was used to find out the level of upper extremity function and GSE to find out the level of self-efficacy was used. The experimental group underwent graded repetitive arm supplementary program, whereas the control group attended conventional occupational therapy for 3 months. The SPSS software version was used for data analysis. Result: The data analyzed the pretest and post test score of both experimental and control group which shows a significant difference between 2 groups. Conclusion: This study concluded that graded repetitive arm supplementary program has proved its effect in improving upper extremity function among women with post-operative breast cancer.
Gendered Specialization in the Arts and Humanities in Nigerian University Outputs
1O. Mowaiye Fagbemi; 2Aderinto, S.Studies have revealed gender differences in aspirations, performance, career choices, and specialization. These differences are much so openly glaring in a developing nation like Nigeria. The new millennium has brought about varied technological innovations and changes such as the internet that has imparted cultures and perceptions across societies. More women are going into specialization and careers hitherto regarded as masculine fields, and are performing in outstanding ways This informed the need to explore what the trend is of gender dynamics in higher education in present day Nigeria. . This survey study aimed at checking the gender differences in university outputs in Nigerian. And it was revealing to note that for areas such as the Arts and Humanities which are areas more females have ventured into in recent times, the males still dominate the graduating list. And for Faculties such as Communication and Information Sciences, the gap gets wider. Nigeria has a higher female population but this has not translated into higher rate of higher education graduation ratio for them and since a nations manpower and its quality outputs determines its developmental rate, there is the urgent need to find measures to accelerate the quality as well as the numbers of the female folks in higher education.
Parental Antecedents and Academic Performance Drive of high School Students of Central Nigeria
1O. Mowaiye Fagbemi; 2Badamas, Omoshalewa; 3Uyanne, IfeomaAcademic performance is central to all students’ activities in school. It is the end goal. It defines achievement orientation and drive. It can be life definitive. More so, in a society that places premium on school certification. In Nigeria, two important and compulsory subjects at the high school level and which must be passed at credit level is the English Language and Mathematics. It defines moving into tertiary level or dropping out. For a good academic performance outputs, there can be intervening variables which could be influential and affect the school achievement drive and performance amongst which are the home and parental factors and antecedents. The present study aimed to find out how parental antecedents in composite form relates to high school students academic drive and performance within the central part of Nigeria. The findings revealed that parental educational levels among other variables does affect school performance. Recommendations made include the need for higher literacy level in Nigeria and greater development of rural areas and their school facilities to bridge the apparent gaps between the urban and rural settings as well as between the social classes in Nigerian society.
Objective: To evaluate the impact of body mass index (BMI) on core body temperature during general anesthesia. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 69 patients divided into three groups based on BMI: Group A (<24 kg/m²), Group B (25-34.9 kg/m²), and Group C (≥35 kg/m²). Participants undergoing elective surgeries under general anesthesia were monitored for core body temperature at baseline, 1st, 15th, 30th, and 60th minutes. Hemodynamic parameters were simultaneously recorded. Results: Significant temperature variations were observed across BMI groups. Group A demonstrated the most pronounced temperature drop, with a mean decrease of 1.7°C compared to 1.2°C in Group C. Statistically significant differences were noted in temperature regulation (p<0.001), with progressive temperature decline correlated with lower BMI. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures showed a parallel increase across BMI categories. Conclusion: The study reveals a strong correlation between BMI and temperature dysregulation during general anesthesia, emphasizing the need for personalized thermal management strategies.
Background: Effective mask ventilation during general anesthesia induction is crucial, particularly in obese patients. This study compared the effectiveness of modified versus conventional thenar eminence techniques for mask ventilation during general anesthesia induction in obese patients. Methods: This randomized controlled study included 74 patients (aged 20-60 years, BMI ≥25 kg/m²) undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups: Modified Thenar Eminence Technique (Group M, n=37) and Conventional Thenar Eminence Technique (Group C, n=37). Primary outcome measures included expired tidal volume (VTE), peak airway pressure (PMAX), end-tidal CO?, and ease of ventilation assessed using a 3-point Likert scale. Results: The modified technique demonstrated significantly better outcomes across all parameters. Group M showed higher expired tidal volumes (542.8 ± 48.6 ml vs 486.4 ± 52.3 ml, p<0.001), lower peak airway pressures (18.2 ± 2.4 cm H?O vs 22.7 ± 2.8 cm H?O, p<0.001), and better maintained end-tidal CO? levels (35.4 ± 2.1 mmHg vs 38.6 ± 2.4 mmHg, p<0.001). Ease of ventilation was rated as "easy" in 75.7% of Group M cases compared to 51.4% in Group C (p=0.003). Conclusion: The modified thenar eminence technique significantly improves mask ventilation parameters and ease of ventilation compared to the conventional technique in obese patients during general anesthesia induction. This technique should be considered as the preferred approach for mask ventilation in obese patients.
The human eye can see millions of distinct colors, yet human language only categorizes a small portion of all the possible colors that exist in nature. This discrepancy highlights the limitations of language in conveying the full spectrum of human experience and perception, leading to rich debates in fields such as linguistics, art, and psychology. Humans see color categorically, but what influence does the environment play specifically? The environment plays a crucial role in shaping our perception of color by influencing the way we categorize and interpret hues. Factors such as cultural background, lighting conditions, and even individual experiences can alter how we perceive and describe colors, demonstrating that our understanding of color is not just a biological phenomenon but also a social and contextual one. Categories and perceiving colors were thought to be minimal, but recent data reveals that languages with various color name collections interpret color differently. Humans clearly see color, but what role does the environment play in this? Color perception has previously been assumed to have minimal influence, but new research shows that languages with various color name collections reflect variations in how people see color. Human languages differ greatly between cultures, and scholars are attempting to understand why. Why do industrialized languages, such as English and Hindi, have more vocabulary for describing color than other cultures? The Galo tribe of Arunachal Pradesh is one of these civilizations, whose language uses colors like White - yapuu, Black - yakww , Yellow - yaji/nogee , Green - jee, Red - yalww, Blue - yajee, Brown - yamar , Maroon - yamuk , Striped - yagoo -yaree, Multicolored - `yaree. The purpose of the paper is to expand on a list of fundamental color phrases in the Galo language by experiments with Galo native speakers from various districts of Arunachal Pradesh. We hope to explicate the core color words in the Galo language, analyze variances in color perception, and compare these findings to known linguistic theories through studies done among Galo native speakers. The research involves 40 people who speak Galo, Hindi, and English fluently. Our findings show that there are discrepancies in how Galo scholars and present young Galo people describe and designate basic color concepts.
Auditory Functions in Professional Bus Drivers Exposed to Occupational Noise
H M Apoorva1, S M Azeem Mohiyuddin2, Usha M3Introduction: Occupational noise exposure can negatively affect hearing acuity and temporal processing, particularly in workers like bus drivers who are regularly exposed to high noise levels. Professional bus drivers, exposed to prolonged noise from engines and traffic, are particularly at risk for NIHL, but remain the least studied in India. This study aimed to assess the impact of prolonged noise exposure on hearing, temporal processing abilities, and speech identification among bus drivers, comparing them with a control group of non-noise-exposed office workers. Methods: Sixty-eight bus drivers and thirty office workers (control group) participated in this cross-sectional study. The participants in the experimental group had a mean age of 37.5 years (range = 29 years to 46 years) and the duration of service as drivers ranged from 1 to 9.8 years. Hearing acuity was assessed through pure tone audiometry, while temporal processing was evaluated with gap detection and amplitude modulation tasks. Speech identification was tested in ‘quiet’ and ‘in noise’ conditions. Results: Participants in the drivers' group had a mean pure tone average of 18.56 dB HL in the left ear and 19.04 dB HL in the right ear and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant. The mean gap detection threshold of participants in the drivers group (3.10 milliseconds) was significantly different from that of participants in the control group (2.44 milliseconds) as were the amplitude modulation detection thresholds especially for higher modulations at 128 Hz and 256 Hz. Speech identification scores for monosyllables in quiet were not significantly different between the two groups in contrast to speech identification in noise score (at 0 dB and -5dB SNR conditions). Conclusions: Prolonged noise exposure not only causes a decrease in hearing sensitivity but also impaires temporal processing abilities. Impaired temporal processing may have contributed to difficulties in speech identification, especially in noisy environments, highlighting the significant impact of noise on auditory function in occupational settings.
Background: Post-induction hypotension remains a significant concern in anesthesia practice. This study compared the efficacy of subclavian vein (SCV) and inferior vena cava (IVC) ultrasonographic measurements in predicting post-induction hypotension. Aims & Objectives: To determine the efficacy and to compare predictive accuracy of scv and ivc diameter and collapsible index in predicting the incidence of hypotension after induction of general anaesthesia. Methods: Twenty-one asa i-ii patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled. Preoperative ultrasonographic measurements of scv and ivc diameter and collapsibility index (ci) were performed. Post-induction hypotension was monitored and correlated with preoperative measurements. Results: Eight patients (38.1%) developed post-induction hypotension. Scv ci >45% predicted hypotension with 87.5% sensitivity and 84.6% specificity (auc 0.91), while ivc ci >40% showed 85.7% sensitivity and 82.3% specificity (auc 0.89). Scv measurements required significantly less time (41.4 ± 9.99 vs 69.6 ± 11.2 seconds, p<0.001) compared to ivc measurements. Conclusion: Both SCV and IVC ultrasonographic measurements effectively predict post-induction hypotension, with SCV CI showing marginally superior predictive accuracy and significantly faster measurement times.
Unsharp Masking with Histogram Equalization for Remote Sensing Image Enhancement
Shubhi KansalA crucial aspect of image enhancement is contrast enhancement. As remote sensing photos are taken from a distance, they naturally have much lower contrast than other types of images. Although techniques for improving remote sensing images have been developed in recent years, it is still unknown how well and consistently these techniques work for contrast enhancement. In this letter, a novel unsharp mask ?ltering method that combines histogram equalization with the image’s maximum detail is suggested. This method visually enhances the image considerably more e?ectively than any other method now in use. The image is ?rst sharpened by using an unsharp mask ?lter. After that, a cutting procedure is used to prevent the over-enhancing of the image. Then, using the mean as a guide, the histogram equalization procedure is carried out, and ?nally, the unsharp mask ?lter is once more utilized to produce the visually sharpened and enhanced image.
Background: Local anesthetics (LAs) are crucial in performing various interventional procedures, ensuring patient comfort and safety. However, non-anesthesiology resident doctors often administer LAs with varying levels of expertise. Inadequate knowledge of proper dosages, potential side effects, and management of complications can jeopardize patient safety. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of local anesthetics among non-anesthesiology resident doctors performing interventional procedures. Aims & Objectives: To assess the current level of knowledge and awareness related to local anesthesia administration, including proper patient assessment, preparation, monitoring, and management of complications among non-anesthesiology resident doctors. Methods: A Descriptive study was conducted among 121 non-anesthesiology resident doctors across multiple specialties, including General Surgery, Orthopedics, General Medicine , ENT, Obstetrics And Gynecology, Ophthalmology, Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine and Radiology who routinely perform interventional procedures. A validated questionnaire was used for assessment of knowledge related to local anesthesia administration. Descriptive statistics were applied to analyze the results. Results: Among the study participants, majority were belonged to Ophthalmology department, followed by 18 participants from Medicine department. Out of total, 34% participants were from 1st year of residency, 39% participants were from 2nd year of residency, and 27% participants were from 3rd year of residency. Of total, 114(96%) participants had knowledge assessment score in between 5-10. Only 7(4%) participants had more than 10 knowledge assessment score. The mean score among study participants was 8.21 + 1.5. There was no statiscally significant difference found between mean knowledge score and year of residency. There was a statiscally significant difference found between mean knowledge score and various department. Conclusion: This study reveals critical gaps in the knowledge of local anesthetics among non-anesthesiology resident doctors. Regular educational interventions, such as workshops and practical sessions, are necessary to enhance resident proficiency and ensure patient safety.
Background: Mental health among college students is a neglected issue and there is a dearth of comprehensive studies addressing it among Indian youth. Due to the stigma attached, it often remains under diagnosed.The mental well being of the college students are often compromised precipitated by academic failures, relationship issues, adjustment to campus life, economic, social and familial problems. Objectives: The objective of the study was to assess the overall mental health profileand perceived stress levels of the undergraduate students of a general degree college in Kolkata, West Bengal, India and also to assess the relationship between perceived stress and mental health among selected college students. Materials and methods: This is an institutional based pilot study carried out during the period of November to December 2024 amongst 62 undergraduate students aged 18 to 23 years at Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis Mahavidyalaya, Kolkata, West Bengal. The standard 18 items Mental Health Inventory (MHI) questionnaire and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) were administered to assess mental health and perceived stress respectively.The purpose of the study was explained to respondents and the confidentiality of the responses was assured. Individual consent from students was taken before administering the questionnaires. Statistical methods such as frequency, percentage, mean, median, standard deviation and Pearson r correlation were used to analyze the data. Results: Out of 62 respondents, the majority 38(61.3%) were females and 24 (38.7%) were males. The overall computed MHI scores (0-100) total score ranges from 33.33 to 84.44, mean score 57.99, median score 58.33 with a standard deviation of 12.28. Majority of the students were found to have moderate levels of stress based on PSS scale(PSS score between 14-26).Significant negative relationships are observed between perceived stress of the respondents and their overall mental health based on MHI transformed score(r = 0.037*,p<0.05) indicating higher stress lowers mental health and vice versa. Conclusion: The study revealed majority of students having poor mental health status and moderate stress levels suggestive of early screening and diagnosis among college students. Necessity of counselling and therapeutic intervention is suggested.
The Development of Reading Skills in English Language Teaching
1Anila Caci, Dr. 2Uke BucpapajReading is a fundamental skill in English language teaching (ELT) that plays a crucial role in both academic achievement and real-world communication. The ability to read proficiently enables learners to access vast amounts of information, engage with diverse perspectives, and develop critical thinking skills essential for success in both educational and professional contexts. In ELT, reading is not just about recognizing words on a page; it involves complex cognitive and linguistic processes that facilitate comprehension and meaning-making. This article explores key aspects of reading skill development, focusing on the interplay between cognitive and linguistic factors that influence learners’ ability to process and understand texts. It examines pedagogical approaches that enhance reading proficiency, including phonics instruction, extensive and intensive reading, and task-based learning. The discussion also highlights the challenges learners face in developing strong reading skills, such as limited vocabulary, lack of background knowledge, and difficulties with comprehension strategies. Moreover, this article presents evidence-based strategies that have been proven effective in ELT classrooms. It underscores the importance of motivation in fostering a positive reading culture and the role of metacognitive strategies in helping learners monitor their own comprehension. The integration of digital resources, including e-books, online reading platforms, and adaptive learning technologies, is examined as a means to support reading development and engagement. Grounded in theoretical perspectives and empirical research, this article provides valuable insights into best practices for teaching reading in ELT. By implementing effective instructional strategies, educators can equip learners with the necessary skills to become confident and independent readers. Future research should explore innovative methods to further enhance reading instruction and address the evolving needs of diverse learners in an increasingly digital world.
Human survival and resilience is directly tied to our relationship with the natural environment.However, the historic continuum can be seen where the control over resources is wielded by the privileged, relegating the marginalized communities to a perpetual state of subjugation and dispossession. The context of human identity finds its space in the elementary power of nature. Dalits in the Indian social context bear the weight of environmental injustice which can be seen in Urmila Pawar’s autobiography “Aaydan1” which dissects the layers of environmental injustice levied upon the Dalit people: the inaccessibility of drinking water, the way they were not allowed to use the roads used by the upper caste, rather rough deadly terrain was left for them for daily work. Moreover, the food disparity faced by them projects the patterns of power, privilege and marginalization that shape the relationship with nature. However, in the Black context, in the selected poems of Maya Angelou we find how she encapsulates the objects of nature to depict the power of her female characters. Having all these, the paper also focused on the spiritual connection of the both dalit women and the black women with nature. Nature for them remains their place of existence, the state of survival; Pawar and Angelou present how they are so connected with the natural sphere focusing on their psychological understanding of nature and its various elements.
Review of Causes of Stillbirths in a Rural Referral Hospital in South India: A Cross-Sectional Study
Mamatha S 1, Anupama Marnal B A2, Sanjana M 3, Apoorva M P3Introduction: This research assessed the stillbirth causes in southern India’s rural regions by the referral pattern. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational research of stillbirths was conducted at the JSS hospital in Mysore, from the year 2014 to 2023. Data was collected from the departments of obstetrics and gynecology and neonatology's monthly and annual perinatal audits. 220 stillbirths were documented during the study period. Results: The age range of the women that made up the majority (43.6%) was between 21 and 25 years. The lower middle-class category made up more over half of the female population (55%). Low birth weight occurred in 23.2% of babies (1-1.49 kg). The most common risk factor was found to be severe pre-eclampsia (13.6%), followed by pre-eclampsia (10%), abruption (9.5%), hypothyroidism (6.8%), GDM on insulin (6.4%), cord causes (3.2%) and PPROM (3.2%). Other high-risk factors noted were Rh negative (2.27%), followed by cervical incompetence (1.36%), Polyhydramnios (0.91%), and SLE (0.91%). Conclusion: The rate of stillbirth may be lowered by early detection of problems and timely referral. Sufficient antenatal care, identifying the high-risk patients, and prompt referral. Since it is a referral center, we had high number of stillbirths which states the causes and leads to prevention.
Microbial lipids are collected from microbes, especially from oleaginous fungi and yeasts. These microbial lipids are well known as biosurfactants. Biosurfactants are surface-active compounds that have sparked interest in recent years because of their environmental advantages over conventional surfactants. They are distinguished from synthetic surfactants only on their basis of their origin. Bio-surfactants include a wide range of natural surfactants and emulsifiers such as glycolipids, glycerophospholipids, glycosphingolipids, phospholipids, bile acids, proteins. The aim of this study is to investigate the surface active properties of a microbial lipid isolated from soil fungi. Fungi colonies were isolated from soil samples and screened for biosurfactant production in submerged fermentation. In addition, the influences of bioprocess factors (carbon source, nitrogen source, pH, and fermentation time) have been investigated in this present study. Finally, the bio-urfactant produced was semi purified and submitted to stability test as emulsifier.
A Comparative Study on Work Stress in Anaesthesiologists in an Institute and as Free Lancers
1Dr. M Sai Sharath Meghana; 2Dr. Vishnuvardhan Voleti; 3Dr. Rahul KurraBackground: Work stress among anesthesiologists varies with practice settings and can significantly impact patient care and physician well-being. This study aimed to compare work stress levels between institutional and freelance anesthesiologists. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted over three months, involving 80 anesthesiologists (45 institutional, 35 freelance) selected through snowball sampling. Data was collected using a validated questionnaire incorporating the Workplace Stress Scale. The relationship between practice setting and stress levels was analyzed, along with associated factors including working hours, on-call duties, and health issues. Results: Institutional anesthesiologists showed significantly higher stress levels (mean score 23.8±4.6) compared to freelancers (20.9±5.2, p=0.008). Moderate to severe stress was more prevalent in institutional practice (66.6% vs 45.7%, p=0.022). Institutional practitioners worked longer hours (51.1% working 8-12 hours/day) but had more structured on-call schedules. Sleep deprivation was significantly higher in institutional practice (71.1% vs 51.4%, p=0.037). Freelancers reported better work-life balance (62.9% vs 40.0%, p=0.042). Health issues were more prevalent in institutional practitioners, with backache (48.9%) and acid peptic disease (40.0%) being most common. Conclusion: While both groups experience significant work stress, institutional practitioners face higher stress levels and greater work-life balance challenges. Practice setting significantly influences stress levels and personal well-being among anesthesiologists, highlighting the need for setting-specific stress management strategies.
Self-presentation is a universal human phenomenon, an umbrella term and concept representing every action emanating from individuals regardless of their gender, race, and social status, which provides basis for impression formulation by others. Most scholars look at self-presentation as people’s purposive, direct and proxy actions that relay impressions through conscious actions, with very little elaboration on unconscious and inadvertent actions as self-presentation. To deepen existing knowledge, this study adopts interpretive approach to illustrate instances of unconscious self-presentation (during sleep), inadvertent self-presentation (behavioural residue), and proxy self-presentation through arts (identity claims) as portrayed in a Nollywood film Kambili: The Whole 30 yards. In the end, this study demonstrates that intersecting interconnectivity exists between visual metaphor and behavioural residue, which instigates process of meaning-making regarding arts and environment as channels of self-presentation.
Background: Perineal trauma, including episiotomy and spontaneous perineal lacerations, is a common concern in childbirth, particularly among primiparous women. Perineal massage during the second stage of labour has been proposed as a non-invasive strategy to improve perineal integrity and reduce the need for episiotomy and perineal lacerations. However, existing evidence remains inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesise ten years of research to evaluate the effect of perineal massage on perineal outcomes. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO, using predefined keywords. The review included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published in English between 2015 and 2025, comparing perineal massage during the second stage of labour with a hands-off approach in primiparous women. Studies reporting outcomes on episiotomy and/or spontaneous perineal lacerations were included. Data extraction was performed using a standardised form, and the Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB 2) tool was used for quality assessment. A meta-analysis was conducted using the Mantel-Haenszel method under a random-effects model, with risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) calculated. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic, and publication bias was evaluated using a funnel plot and Egger’s test. Results: Four RCTs met the inclusion criteria, comprising 706 participants (357 in the perineal massage group and 349 in the hands-off group). Meta-analysis revealed no significant reduction in the need for episiotomy (RR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.53–1.04) or spontaneous perineal lacerations (RR: 1.37, 95% CI: 0.71–2.63) with perineal massage. Significant heterogeneity was detected for both outcomes (I² = 90% and 80%, respectively, p < 0.01), suggesting variability in effect sizes among studies. The funnel plot and Egger’s test did not indicate publication bias. Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis found no significant evidence that perineal massage during the second stage of labour reduces the need for episiotomy or spontaneous perineal lacerations in primiparous women. The findings indicate substantial heterogeneity among studies, highlighting the need for further well-powered, standardised RCTs to establish definitive clinical recommendations.
Between Tradition and Modernity: Reading Manjushree Thapa's Novel, Seasons of Flight
1Mr. Shyam Subedy, 2Dr. Tanushree Nayak, 3Prof. Pradip Kumar PatraTraditional norms and conventions are fundamentally established to serve for human being irrespective of any caste, creed, sex and religion to live harmoniously in a society. Marriage is believed to be a solemn occasion in one’s life to provide a social and cultural recognition. Women, being part and parcel of the society are required to be equally treated as male members of the society. If this is reversed and women are subjugated or marginalized or social and traditional norms are imposed on them in the pretext of preserving tradition and patriarchy, then the possibility of destroying the so-called tradition is very positive and pertinent. In this article, an endeavor has been made how the protagonist of the novel, Seasons of Flight, Prema seems to transcend all traditional norms of patriarchy to achieve her ambition. She breaks all social barriers and moves to the USA to live as she dreamt. Several people come to her life but none can satisfy what she really and heartily needed. Prema’s search for identity and her conflicting nature against patriarchal hegemony finds a space in the discourse of the novel. The protagonist tries to assimilate with the American culture, her inveterate efforts to retain her identity etc. leads to open a new paradigm in literary discourse.
This study conducts a comparative analysis of the formation and usage of comparative and superlative adjectives in Albanian and English, two languages with notably different strategies for expressing degree. While English utilizes both synthetic means—by affixing morphemes for shorter adjectives—and analytic constructions for longer adjectives, Albanian relies solely on analytic methods. A survey administered to 96 intermediate-level students at the University of Tirana provided insights into learners’ ability to recognize standard forms, apply transformation rules, and handle irregular adjective patterns. Results indicate that although students exhibit high proficiency in identifying regular constructions in both languages, irregular forms—especially in English—continue to pose challenges. This study not only deepens our understanding of cross-linguistic grammatical processes but also offers practical recommendations for language instruction by emphasizing tailored, interactive pedagogical strategies. Implications for both linguistic theory and second language acquisition are discussed, with directions for future research outlined.
Heavy metals are the significant source of contaminant in the environment. Deposition of metals can degrade soil quality. Phytoremediation is environmental friendly and potentially affordable technology for the extraction of metals from the soil and Napier grass is found to be highly effective for the absorption of toxic metals form soil due to its idiosyncratic morphological and physiological characteristics. This paper aims to collate some particulars about heavy metals of Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn present in sediments of Gomti river and their treatment. The concentrations of various metals (Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn) were determined in recently deposited surface sediments of the Gomti river in the Lucknow urban area. Markedly elevated concentrations (milligrams per kilogram) of some of the metals, Cr (16.2 mg/Kg) Cu (23.45 mg/Kg), Pb (46.92 mg/Kg), and Zn (77.12 mg/Kg) were observed. Profiles of these metals across the Lucknow urban stretch show a progressive downstream increase due to additions from drainage networks discharging the urban effluents into the river. This study reveals that the urbanization process is associated with higher concentrations of heavy metals such asCu, Cr, Pb, and Zn in the Gomti river sediments. To keep the river clean for the future, it is strongly recommended that urban effluents should not be overlooked before their discharge into the river.
Blood Levels of Heavy Metals among Mothers and their Autistic Children in South-South, Nigeria
1Sarah Sirah Bura-Dinu, 2Anthonet Ezejiofor, 3Angela Frank-Briggs, 4Chinemerem ElekeEnvironmental pollution resulting from oil exploration is a significant public health concern, particularly for pregnant women and their offspring. This study investigated the levels of heavy metals (lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As)) and their association with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in South-South Nigeria, a region heavily impacted by oil exploration and petrochemical activities. Employing a descriptive correlational design, blood samples were collected from mothers and children with autism, as well as from healthy controls, across five government-recognized autism centres in Rivers and Bayelsa States. A total of 872 participants were included: 218 mothers of children with autism, 218 healthy mothers, 218 children with autism, and 218 healthy children from the same mothers. Heavy metal concentrations were analyzed using a Finnigan MAT95XP Mass Spectrometer, ensuring high precision in detecting heavy metal toxicants. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and t-tests at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed significantly higher concentrations of Pb and Hg in mothers and children with autism compared to controls (p < 0.001), while As levels were undetectable in all groups. These findings suggest a possible link between exposure to these heavy metals and autism, highlighting the urgent need for further research and targeted remediation efforts in high-exposure regions such as South-South Nigeria.
This study aims to examine the relationship between the blue economy agenda and marine ecosystems in the world maritime and sustainability development goals agenda. The main question studied is how these marine ecosystems and blue economy agenda can support the success of the world maritime and sustainability development goals agenda. The main objective of this study is to understand the role of coastal and marine ecosystems in achieving the goals of the blue economy, with a focus on fisheries sustainability, natural resource management, as well as protection against climate change. The study also aims to identify effective management measures in preserving these ecosystems. This study uses a qualitative approach by analyzing relevant literature and secondary sources on coastal and marine ecosystems, as well as the blue economy. The data was analyzed through thematic analysis methods to understand the relationship between ecosystems and the goals of the blue economy. This study also examines various case studies involving coastal and marine ecosystem management in various countries. The in-depth discussions showed that coastal and marine ecosystems play a very important role in supporting various economic sectors that depend on marine resources, such as fisheries, tourism, and maritime energy. Ecosystems such as coral reefs, mangroves, and seagrass meadows serve as environmental buffers that mitigate the effects of climate change and enhance the sustainability of natural resources. The findings of this study also highlight the importance of conservation and sustainable management of natural resources to achieve the goals of the blue economy. This study proposes several measures to improve the effectiveness of the blue economy agenda. Among them are raising awareness on environmental conservation, introducing green technologies in resource management, as well as strengthening cooperation between countries, communities, and the private sector to achieve sustainable development goals.
Failure prediction is one of the key challenges that have to be mastered for a new arena of fault tolerance techniques: the proactive handling of faults. As a definition, prediction is a statement about what will happen or might happen in the future. A failure is defined as “an event that occurs when the delivered service deviates from correct service.” The main point here is that a failure refers to miss-behavior that can be observed by the user, which can either be a human or another computer system. Things may go wrong inside the system, but as long as it does not result in incorrect output (including the case that there is no output at all) there is no failure. Failure prediction is about assessing the risk of failure for some time in the future. In my approach, failures are predicted by analysis of error events that have occurred in the system. As, of course, not all events that have occurred ever since can be processed, only events of a time interval called embedding time are used. Failure probabilities are computed not only for one point of time in the future, but for a time interval called prediction interval. Price dispersion can exist in a simple model where identical buyers sample sequentially from a known price distribution. Firms' behavior as monopolistic competitors results in price distribution consistent with utility maximization and profit maximization. The adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) significantly influences material failure rates by enhancing operational efficiency, improving communication, and fostering business continuity. ICT adoption leads to cost reduction, improved productivity, and faster response to issues. However, challenges like limited financial resources and lack of ICT knowledge can hinder its implementation, particularly in small and medium-sized enterprises.
Dynamic Relationships among Oil Revenue, Government Expenditure and Economic Growth in Nigeria
Kehinde S.Jimoh1,2, Samson Alika3This paper investigated the dynamic relationships among oil revenue, government expenditure, and economic growth in Nigeria between 1981 and 2023 using data sourced from World Bank Development data base and the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin. The data were estimated using ARDL methodology and specific analysis such as correlation studies, stationarity tests, hypothesis testing, cointegration analysis for long-run relationships, estimation of coefficients for short and long runs and stability tests were estimated. After establishing a long-run relationship among the variables, the error correction model was estimated as well as the Granger causality test. The results of the short run and long run showed positive effects of government spending and oil revenue on economic growth. The Granger causality revealed that government expenditure granger caused both oil revenue and economic growth in Nigeria over the period of the study. It is recommended that Nigeria diversify its economy away from oil exports.
Automated Leukemia Classification and Prediction Using VGG-19 on Microscopic Images
Mr. Karthik Myilvahanan1; A. Muthukumar2; K. Mythilipriya3; K. Selvipriya4Within the realm of illness diagnostics, one of the most significant challenges is the early detection and diagnosis of leukemia. In order to successfully overcome this obstacle, it is necessary to accurately differentiate between healthy and malignant leukocytes during the early stages of the disease while simultaneously minimizing costs. Leukemia is a disease that affects a large number of people, yet there are only a few flow cytometers available, and the diagnostic processes that are carried out in laboratories are time-consuming. This is accomplished by contrasting three models, notably the regular CNN model and the deep CNN model (Alex Net and the VGG-16 Net model). As indicated by the C-NMC 2019 dataset, a total of 11,154 blood microscopic images were gathered for the aim of analyzing the approach that we have proposed. It has been observed, on the basis of the findings of our research, that the performance of a VGG-19 Net model is superior to that of other two models, such as the Traditional CNN model and the Alex Net model. By employing the VGG-19 Net model as a feature extractor and Soft-max as the classifier, the model is able to attain the highest possible level of performance. With this arrangement, the accuracy is 97.44, the precision is 97.5, the recall is 97.5, and the F1-score is 97.5.
Exploring Syntactic Processing Deficits in Broca's Aphasia through Priming Paradigms
1Girija P.C, 2Nayana Narayanan, 3Anjana K, 4Girija P.CThis research explores syntactic processing through priming in individuals diagnosed with Broca’s aphasia, a condition marked by compromised syntactic capabilities resulting from damage to the left frontal lobe. Utilizing Paradigm software, the investigation assesses the relative ease and difficulty of recognizing various syntactic categories, including plurals, tenses, verbs, person-number-gender (PNG) markers, and conjunctions, among 30 Malayalam-speaking participants with Broca’s aphasia. The analysis of reaction times for syntactic identification tasks indicated that plurals were the most easily identified category, whereas conjunctions presented the greatest difficulty. Statistical evaluation via the Friedman test revealed no significant differences in reaction times among the categories, implying a generalized impairment in syntactic processing rather than specific deficits related to individual categories. These results are consistent with existing research that emphasizes the increased processing demands associated with complex syntactic structures, such as conjunctions, compared to simpler forms like plurals. The study highlights the potential of syntactic priming as a therapeutic approach to improve sentence processing, offering encouraging prospects for language rehabilitation in individuals with Broca’s aphasia
A Review of Cellular Network Mobility Management: The Pathway to 5G Technology
Prabhakar Rath1; Smita Rani Parija2; Soumya Mishra3A key component of mobile computing is location management, which includes tracking and registering mobile terminals inside a mobile network. The act of recording the location is called "location update," and the process of exploring it is called "paging." There are several ways to manage location, such as mobility-based strategies, data replication-based strategies, signal attenuation during tracking, and time-, zone-, and distance-based strategies for location updates. This study compares and analyzes current location management systems, paying special attention to how much money each one uses. Lastly, significant issues regarding location management for mobile networks of the future are discussed.
Olfactory Sensory Stimulation Therapy on Anxiety among Patients with Cancer
Dr. Punitha P1, Dr. Arun kumar Malayappan2, Aravindu T3Background: Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of transformed cells that are subject to evolution through natural selection, not only physically deteriorating but also has profound psychological impacts, affecting patient's mental health causing anxiety and depression. Anxiety is a typical occurrence that is defined by feeling of fear or discomfort resulting from expectation of threat. Olfactory Sensory Stimulation Therapy has developed from the breathing in of essential oils, where basic inhalation aids in enhancing emotional wellness, calmness, relaxation, or rejuvenation of the human body from anxiety and depression. The objective of this quasi-experimental study is to assess the effectiveness of olfactory sensory stimulation therapy in alleviating anxiety among cancer patients. Objectives: The study aims to assess the impact of olfactory sensory stimulation therapy on anxiety among patients with cancer. Methodology: Participants in this study were cancer patients aged 35 years and older. They were screened using Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). There were 30 patients in total and they were divided into experimental group and control group, with 15 participants in each group. Participants in the experimental group received olfactory sensory stimulation therapy for 45 minutes each session (3 sessions per week) for approximately three months. They undergo training of about 36 sessions in total. Meanwhile, participants in control group received occupational therapy for same duration. The pre- and post-test results of the patients in both groups were assessed with the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Conclusion: The results of this study concluded that the therapeutic intervention by olfactory sensory stimulation therapy showed its effect in reducing anxiety in cancer patients.
Expenditure on Education by Families of Shifting Cultivation in Nagaland
Tangmong, T. Zarenthung EzungShifting Cultivation is a type of cultivation in which fields are slashed, dried and burnt, prepared and grows various types of crops ranging from food grains to vegetables and fruits. The present study was carried out in the District of Noklak, Nagaland. Located far flung in the hilly region of Indo-Myanmar border, shifting cultivation is the most popular form of farming for the tribal households. The present study aims to uncover whether monetary income from shifting cultivation determines education expenditure of the familiesand the percentage share of school dropouts in private and government institution. The study revealed that out of the total students, 61% were enrolled in primary level, 18%, 9% and 12% in secondary, hr. secondary and college & above respectively. With respect to total enrolment, male enrolment was found to be higher than female enrolment, but at college & above level, enrolment of female was more than the enrolment of male. Household expenditure on education was found to be highest at primary level and lowest at hr. secondary level. The study found higher school dropouts among male than female and out of total school dropouts, 28% were from private schools whereas 78% from government schools. Therefore, efficient measures must be taken to improve the existing government schools, to increase expenditure on education and ensure that quality education is provided for all and to all.
Man as an entity is made up of different parts including the physical , mental and the emotional parts. Every aspects is as important as the other . No area or part can be discountenanced nor ignored. And each influences behavioral outputs, actions and in-actions of man profoundly as behavior do not just randomly happen .Emotions are powerful human force that can make or mar any human. People have been sent to the gallows as a result of actions resulting from emotional outbursts The intelligent use of emotions is critical to positive hunan outputs. At the dawn of the 21st century , the study of emotional intelligence was popularized with research exploring how it affects and influences different areas of human behaviors . In Nigeria, emotional intelligence study is still relatively new and not well explored especially as it affects tertiary institutions students and behavioual outputs in different organizations . And it is an important area that can be definitive to human success and life outcomes. A critical aspect of tertiary institutional learning is undergoing assessments , assignments, field works , laboratory experiments , tests and examinations. These are constants in the university systems. Examination is a central issue for many university students if not the most critical. In a competitive and certificate oriented society such as Nigeria, it is a crisis moments for many if not a war zone atmospheric sphere. Many see failing examinations as a fallen down that could translate to failing in life. For many, it is not a report they want to take home. Staff and students in most Nigerian universities are kept on their toes at this period in time. In such a society, It is important to under study how emotional intelligence relates to examination and all that pertains to it among the young minds, especially examination anxiety . The study delved into these and found an atypical difference in findings in relation to other climes. Recommendations were made from the findings. Counseling facilities is a must for the twenty first century university systems. More so, in a competitive and yet indigent society such as Nigeria , and for the public universities that remains the only haven for the poor in the society to get their children into for higher education. And where thence begins the race to make it or break for many Nigerian youths . The post - covid era has also proven that the face to face teacher - students relationships needs modifications to enhanced on line models which most poor students find difficult to handle, especially when not able to own a gadget for that purpose. Therefore, counselling units needs to be established in every university, and most importantly. to be manned by experienced counsellors, is key to bringing down the tempo of examination anxiety among university students . Such counselors must see to it to organize seminars, symposiums and the like for students just before any semester examination to bring it home pointedly that examination does nor have to be a do or die undertaking. But just a phase in their academic journeys. Hopefully, in time, such enlightenment programs can be extended to the town ,in the gown and town relationship to break down negative competitive streaks but encourage a replacement to positive and complementary competitions that actually enhance growth and development.
The most challenging code-mixed language scenarios for NLU are transliteration inconsistencies, cross-lingual dependencies, and structural variations in multilingual text. This research proposes a Multi-Attention Model for Joint Intent Classification and Slot Filling in Code-Mixed Language Scenarios, which applies transformer-based architectures with multi-head attention mechanisms to enhance contextual learning. Its focuses include improving robustness and the accuracy of handling code-mix utterances processing multiple language pairs-Hindi, English, and Tamil-English/Spanish, English; Tamil, Hindi and English to capture monolingual and cross-lingual dependencies using XLM-R,mBERT with its pre-trained model that has achieved better results across both tasks. This utilizes a shared encoder for contextual features, then employs task-specific heads for intent classification and slot filling with a CRF-enhanced decoding layer to enhance the identification of entities. The model was trained with joint learning using the cross-entropy and CRF loss functions in order to further refine predictions. The results of the experimental setup show that the proposed model of multi-attention outperforms the baselines, that is, BiLSTM-CRF, BERT, RoBERTa, XLM-R, and mT5 models, in terms of both intent classification and slot filling. Its average intent classification F1-score is 89.8% while surpassing the best of the baselines, XLM-R, 85.4%. Similarly, the F1-score for the slot filling attains 86.7%, significantly reducing SER to 10.3% from 34% of that of BiLSTM-CRF. Furthermore, cross-domain evaluations across customer service, social media conversations, and task-oriented dialogues establish the model's ability to generalize to real-world applications. Findings show the supremacy of multi-attention mechanisms over syntactic inconsistency, transliteration challenges, and language-switching patterns in multilingual AI applications. This model establishes a new benchmark for robust and scalable conversational AI systems, hence proving its possibility for deployment in real-world multilingual dialogue systems.
Levofloxacin Induced Stomatitis: A Case Report
Irfana M A1, Viljeena Wilson1, Hanna A N1, Fathima Najla K1, Fathima Nazrin1, Nimshitha Abdul Muneer1, Majid K1, Nihala Shirin V P1, Mash Hoora Sadarudheen1This case report presents a 77-year-old female who developed painful oral swelling and ulceration after taking levofloxacin for a respiratory infection. The patient exhibited grade 1 stomatitis, characterized by ulcerative and erythematous lesions in the buccal and gingival mucosa, tongue, and lips. Upon discontinuation of levofloxacin and initiation of topical clotrimazole, mupirocin, and nystatin, the patient's condition improved within five days. This report highlights levofloxacin-induced stomatitis, an adverse drug reaction not previously documented. It underscores the need for careful monitoring of fluoroquinolone side effects and prompt discontinuation in suspected cases to prevent complications.
A Study on the Effectiveness of Smart ID Cards for Student Injury Management
1Chun Wei Ho, 2Chiu, Ying-ChyiSmart cards have been widely used in the fields of transportation, telecommunications, and retail for monetary storage and identity verification. In educational field, smart student ID cards are also utilized in the construction of smart campuses. This study focuses on student injury and illness management, exploring the effectiveness of the smart student ID card (referred to as the "Chia-E-Card") promoted by the Chiayi City Government in Taiwan for managing student injuries and illnesses. It delves into its actual impacts on students, teachers, school nurses, and parents. Through questionnaire surveys and comprehensive quantitative data analysis, the results indicate that the Chia-E-Card significantly enhances the efficiency and quality of injury and illness management. Users generally provide positive evaluations of their experience and satisfaction with the card. The application of the Chia-E-Card not only accelerates the response time for student injuries and illnesses but also increases information transparency, enabling teachers and parents to obtain timely information regarding student health issues. This study finds that factors such as system quality, information quality, service quality, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness are significantly positively correlated with user satisfaction and behavioral intentions. Based on the findings, several improvement suggestions are proposed, including enhancing system quality, improving information quality, optimizing service quality, enhancing perceived ease of use, and strengthening perceived usefulness. Future research recommendations include technological advancements and application expansion, interdisciplinary collaboration, long-term benefit assessments, and the development of policy and practical guidelines. This study aims to provide valuable information for the field of school health and injury management to ensure that students enjoy a safer and healthier environment during their learning process.
A Study of Origin of Coronary Arteries in Human Cadaveric Hearts of Southern Karnataka Region
1Shashidhar K, 2Venkateshu K VIntroduction: The coronary arteries take origin from the aortic sinuses. The aortic sinuses are located in the initial portion of the aortic root, which presents the leaflets of the aortic valve. The aortic sinuses reach beyond the upper border of the cusp. These sinuses are named according to their position as the anterior, left posterior, and right posterior aortic sinuses. The right coronary artery originates from the anterior coronary sinus and the left coronary artery originates from the left posterior aortic sinus. Recently, anomalous origin of coronary arteries as a cause of coronary heart disease is gaining significance. This presents with significant clinical features, including sudden death, especially in young athletes. Methods: 52 Cadaveric heart specimens were dissected. The ascending aorta was divided at the origin and the location of the coronary artery opening at anterior and posterior aortic sinuses was identified. The number of openings was noted. The diameter of the coronary artery openings were measured using digital vernier callipers. Results: The right coronary artery opening was located at a distance of 11.5mm from the right anterior aortic sinus. The mean diameter of the right coronary artery opening was 3mm. The left coronary artery opening was located at a distance of 10.4mm from the left posterior aortic sinus. The mean diameter of the left coronary artery opening was 4mm. There were no accessory openings. Conclusions: The right coronary artery opening was located at a greater distance from the corresponding right aortic sinus compared with that of the left coronary artery arising from left aortic sinus. The diameter of left coronary artery opening was greater than the right coronary artery opening. The location of the coronary artery opening is important for interventional cardiologists before performing procedures like coronary artery bypass grafting, coronary angiography, coronary angioplasty. The diameters of the coronary artery ostia are also necessary for the above procedures. This study will throw light on the dimensions of coronary artery ostia and will be helpful for cardiologists to select the required catheter to perform interventional procedures on heart.
This study examined the implementation of the Teacher Professional Education Programme and its impact on the Pedagogical Content Knowledge of English students at Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar. A qualitative descriptive approach was adopted, utilising data collected through observations, interviews, and document analysis to investigate how the programme was structured and executed to enhance the pedagogical content knowledge of English students as prospective teachers. The findings indicated that 27 out of 30 English students demonstrated substantial improvement in their application of Pedagogical Content Knowledge after participating in the programme. The Teacher Professional Education Programme effectively integrated theoretical and practical learning through coursework and Teaching Practicum, significantly enhancing students’ pedagogical competencies, particularly in instructional strategies, content knowledge, and learner-centred approaches. However, the study also identified several challenges, including adaptation to the Merdeka Curriculum, the integration of technology in teaching, and addressing the diverse needs of students. These findings contribute to the development of teacher education policies and offer valuable insights into the effectiveness of the Teacher Professional Education Programme in preparing professional and adaptable future educators within the context of 21st-century education.
Postural Influence on Time-Domain Heart Rate Variability: An Ecg-Based Analysis
Bulty Chakrabarty1 & Imteyaz Ahmad2This study investigates the influence of postural change on time-domain heart rate variability (HRV) through electrocardiogram (ECG)-based assessment. HRV is a key physiological marker of autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, and autonomic modulation is strongly influenced by postural change. The one group of subjects underwent ECG monitoring in the supine, sitting, and standing postures, and HRV parameters like mean RR interval, SDNN, RMSSD, and percentage of adjacent NN intervals that differed by more than 50 ms (pNN50) were recorded. The findings indicate significant reductions in HRV parameters with postural tilt, suggesting increased sympathetic dominance. These findings highlight the importance of posture factors in HRV analysis and their contribution to clinical autonomic assessment.
Health Monitoring System using Machine Learning and IoT
Laljee Manjhi1*& Amar Prakash Sinha2Integration of IoT with machine learning is changing the entire scenario of healthcare by introducing real-time and predictive health monitoring solutions. In this research work, a full-scale health monitoring system is being designed that acquires data using IoT sensors and predicts heart diseases accurately using robust machine learning algorithms. The physiological data, which includes pulse rate and body temperature, are preprocessed in real-time using effective normalization and outlier removal techniques, thereby making it reliable. Machine learning classifiers, including SVM, Naïve Bayes, and Random Forest, were implemented and tested on the dataset. SVM came out with an accuracy of 86%. A total of 40 samples dataset was used for validation of the system's performance in real-time applications. Results indicated that the system could mitigate latency issues and scalability, hence suitable for multiple healthcare settings especially in resource-limited areas. Key findings proved the effectiveness of the system to enhance early diagnosis and personalized care. Recommendations include increasing data security, integration of edge computing, expanded diagnostic capabilities, and large-scale testing for increased adaptability. This research works toward the advancement of healthcare technology by providing a scalable, efficient, and reliable framework for predictive health monitoring.
The Multi-Model Threat Detection Network System, or MMTDNS, is a comprehensive framework of cybersecurity for multiple machine learning models to detect real-time threats across various domains. The system utilizes Support Vector Machine, Convolutional Neural Network, Long Short-Term Memory, Random Forest, and Naïve Bayes in classifying high-accuracy phishing, malware, ransomware, and DDoS attacks. Advances like feature normalization and anomaly detection; Principal Component Analysis (PCA); and multi-model ensemble approach promise high detection while minimizing false positive rates. Mechanisms for fully automated alerts along with mitigation features enhance security measures by pro-actively responding towards threats. Along with scalability and adaptability being optimized in a real-time solution, cloud computing, deep learning advancements, as well as implementation of blockchain technology for security logs, are seen as important scopes of the said study. Future directions include Transformer-based AI models, reinforcement learning, and global threat intelligence integration. This work shows MMTDNS as an efficient, scalable, and adaptive solution for modern cybersecurity challenges.
Nurses are expected to provide safe and competent patient care in a highly complex, technologically advanced, and ever-changing health care environment. Nurses are required to make responsible and rational decisions in order to ensure safe and competent patient care. Today's nursing graduates face a different world than their predecessors. Changes in nursing education are warranted in order to prepare new graduates to meet these demands.(Abdullah & Chan, 2018) indicated that personality building is considered one of the important factors that a nursing student needs. It plays an important role in his academic and professional performance. Educational curricula are the basis for building personalities and qualifying them to lead society. Previous studies have clarified the relationship between the concept of curricula and what personal traits are and how to enhance them. (Afrah, 2022).Nursing care in Libya has been described as unsafe due to conflicting educational requirements. The curricula in nursing colleges still need to be developed to keep pace with rapid changes. Another challenge facing nursing education in Libya is that faculty members are not well qualified (Azevedo & Azevedo, 2017). Therefore, this paper aims to explore the impact of curricula and teaching methods on character building among nursing students. The study sample consisted of 218 male and female students from the College of Nursing. The questionnaire was prepared by the researcher to collect data. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling (SEM) via AMOS 24.0. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to validate the proposed connections, while composite reliability (CR) was calculated to evaluate the consistency of the measurement model. The results found that educational curricula and teaching method positively affect personality building, with a factor of 0.386 (P < 0.05) and 0.273 (P < 0.01), respectively. This confirms that the curriculum and teaching methods at the Faculty of Nursing at the University of Benghazi are good
The Factorial Structure of a Multi-Purpose Questionnaire in the Field of Nursing Education
Fouziyah Matroud Alsanousi Hamad, Mohd Syaubari OthmanThis study aims to verify the factorial structure and validity of the tool used to measure the impact of curriculum, teaching methods, character building, self-efficacy, and emotional intelligence among nursing students at the University of Benghazi, Libya. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed no strong correlations between the scale paragraphs, indicating no problems related to polylinearism. Several main themes were identified that reflect the tool's ability to effectively measure different concepts. The emotional intelligence dimension was the most influential, followed by curriculum, personality building, teaching methods, and finally self-efficacy. The quality of all paragraphs of the scale also confirmed the reliability of the tool used. Preliminary results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the measurement indicators of the original model were not satisfactory, indicating a mismatch between the model and the data. After reevaluating the model and deleting items with poor saturations, the conformity indicators improved significantly. The results also showed high composite stability, reflecting the reliability of different dimensions. The model has confirmed the sincerity of differentiation, enhancing its credibility. The results confirm the validity of the tool used to measure the concepts studied, allowing accurate and reliable conclusions to be reached. It also highlights the importance of periodically reevaluating models to improve their accuracy and reliability.
Adaptive Object Detection and Classification Using EMOD for Real-Time Applications
1N. Ravikumar.; 2Dr.T.KamaleshwarIn many computer vision applications, including surveillance, medical imaging, and autonomous driving, object identification and segmentation are essential. In this research, we use the current YOLOv7 architecture to offer an improved method for real-time object recognition and segmentation. YOLOv7 is renowned for its cutting-edge speed and accuracy in real-time object detection, outperforming earlier iterations of YOLO in terms of accuracy and performance. It has been difficult to incorporate segmentation features while preserving processing speed, nevertheless. Our method maintains the high classification accuracy of YOLOv7 while adding a segmentation head to create pixel-wise masks for items that are recognized. Using well-known datasets like COCO and PASCAL VOC, we test our approach's performance in terms of segmented effectiveness (Intersection over Union, or IoU) and accuracy in detection (mean average precision, or mAP). Experimental findings show that our method preserves YOLOv7's real-time processing performance while achieving a notable increase in segmentation accuracy. This study helps close the gapseparating object detection and segmentation by providing a workable solution for situations that need precise segmentation in addition to high- speed detection.