Background: Stroke is a sudden and often devastating injury to the central nervous system caused by blood flow disruption to the brain, leading to long-term consequences such as neurological impairments. It is a major cause of disability and mortality among adults. Various studies have highlighted caregiver (CG) stress, but none have compared stress levels in hospital and home environments. Our study aims to explore factors influencing caregiver stress in both settings.Aim and objective: To identify the most common source of stress among those who care for acute stroke survivors as well as the overall experiences that caregiver has in hospital and home settings. Methodology: An observational study was conducted at Sri Ramachandra Hospital on caregivers of first-time stroke survivors. Demographic data and stress levels were assessed using MCSI on discharge day and 10 days post-discharge. Reasons for stress were identified through open-ended questions.Results: Quantitative data included mean and standard deviation for 60 participants, consisting of 44 males and 16 females with an average age of 57.35 ±10.78. Among the caregivers of acute stroke patients, 60 individuals were surveyed, including 19 males and 41 females with an average age of 46.23±11.79. The Modified Caregiver Strain Index (MCSI) with thirteen questions rated stress levels at home and in the hospital. Results showed higher stress levels at home for components such as sleep disturbance (90%) and caregiving inconvenience (86.6%), while hospital stressors included family adjustments (61.6%) and financial strain (95%). Overall, caregivers experienced different stress factors depending on the location.Conclusion: Study shows caregiver stress increases based on patient’s impairment, needs, and caregiver's understanding of the condition. Stress levels vary between male and female caregivers, with modifiable and non-modifiable stress factors identified. Strategic programs are needed to enhance rehabilitation effectiveness, reduce caregiver stress, and enhance quality of life for both patient and caregiver.
The Bidayuh community in Jagoi and SingaiBau Districts possesses extensive traditional knowledge of Zingiberaceae species. This study documents their uses and examines socio-demographic factors influencing utilization. Gender, age, occupation, income, and religious beliefs significantly impact plant use. Older generations, with their rich traditional knowledge, frequently use medicinal gingers. Women influence plant use in culinary and medicinal practices. The economic status affects the ability to afford these plants. Data from 170 households were collected through structured questionnaires. Pearson correlation and ANOVA analyses were conducted to understand relationships between socio-demographic factors and plant utilization. The results showed a significant positive correlation between age and medicinal ginger use frequency. Additionally, village location impacts collection habits, with Singai residents collecting more frequently. The study underscores the importance of documenting traditional knowledge for biodiversity conservation and cultural heritage preservation.
This study thoroughly examines the electrical behavior and analog/RF performance of the dual material junctionless (DM-JL) Tree FET by incorporating interface traps at the Si/SiO2 interface. These interface trap charges, which can arise from stress or radiation-induced damage, have the potential to influence the transistor's operating point and overall circuit reliability. To assess the impact of these traps, various parameters are analyzed using the proposed device with single-k (SiO2) and dual-k (SiO2+TiO2) spacer materials. The study finds that, at zero trap charges, the DC and analog/RF parameters are superior in the dual-k spacer device compared to the single-k spacer device. When positive (negative) trap charges are introduced, significant changes are observed: the Ion/Ioff ratio by 26% (37%), the subthreshold swing (SS) by 1.48% (0.59%), and the drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) by 1.62% (2.43%) decreases (increases), respectively as compared to the device with no trap charges. Further, the study measures analog/RF parameters such as gate capacitance, cutoff frequency, and gain bandwidth product, both with and without interface trap charges. Results indicate that the device with dual-k spacers performs better with negative trap charges. The interface trap charges affect the device's performance more severely in the subthre shold region compared to the triode and saturation regions.
Background: Despite extensive efforts by both the community and government, COVID-19 remains a persistent threat. Vaccination and adherence to COVID-appropriate behaviours are crucial in curbing the pandemic. This study aimed to assess awareness, acceptance, and determinants of COVID-19 vaccination. Materials and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study involving 400 respondents after obtaining verbal consent,was conducted between February 5th and February 20th, 2022. Structured questionnaires collected data on socio-demographics, COVID-19 infection/vaccination status, vaccine awareness, motivation, and reasons for refusal. Results: Among 400 respondents, 62.7% were aged 18-40 years, and 67.8% were male. High awareness (96%) of vaccine protection against infection was observed, with 99.8% supporting compulsory vaccination. Most (94.7%) were vaccinated for self-protection, citing efficacy doubts and side effect concerns as primary reasons for refusal. Conclusion: The study highlights satisfactory awareness and positive attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination. Enhanced awareness campaigns and addressing safety concerns can further boost vaccine acceptance. Accurate vaccine information is essential to promote adherence to government guidelines in combating vaccine-preventable diseases.
The Need for Child Psychology and Children's Counselling
1Jayshree Kargatia, 2Dr. Chandra KumariA healthy person is a happy person. Happy people make up a progressive society. This leads to people being fit to face any new challenges that they may come across in the future. The confidence and maturity of a healthy society pave the way to a stress-free atmosphere for all to live in. But what does one mean by a ‘healthy person’? To be in good health means to be healthy, both in body and mind. If the body is unhealthy some symptoms can be noticed. These can be studied and treated by a medical professional. Unfortunately, the symptoms of a disturbed mind are not very overt. Special attention for noticing the troubled behaviours, specific psychological tests need to be conducted to diagnose the problem area, and therapy sessions may be needed along with medicines to handle some severe mental illnesses. If adults need help, they can be vocal about their problems. But this is not the case where children are concerned. Children cannot understand the reasons for their difficulties or their unsuccessful attempts at performing various activities. Hence there is a need to observe them in multiple settings, study their behaviour, check on their developmental milestones and assess their academic growth. Whatever the problem, if checked and handled professionally in the early stages then adjustment for that child is comparatively easier and growth, both physical and mental, can be almost at par with normal children. Hence, seeking professional help and guidance is necessary. Early intervention can make life so much easier for the child, his family and friends.
This study compares the effects of high pressure on the bulk modulus and pressure derivatives of a few nanomaterials, including Ge(13 nm), TiO2, Ni(20 nm), CuO, and Si(4.1 nm), which have better uses in contemporary technology. The pressure dependence of bulk modulus was assessed using the EOS of Vinet and Birch-Murnaghan. It was found that the high-pressure effect is highly dependent on the considered particle size. The current study aims to theoretically predict the bulk modulus of nanomaterials of varying sizes in relation to pressure at a standard temperature. The bulk modulus and pressure derivative of the bulk modulus's trend of change against volume compressions, as we have discovered.
Phytochemical Approaches with their Novel Drug Delivery System towards Treatment of Glaucoma
Zulfa Nooreen1*, Priyanka Verma1, Awani Kumar Rai1, Anshu Gupta, Md Sabir, Ujjwal KumarGlaucoma is a heterogeneous group of optic neuropathies that share characteristic pathognomonic changes to the optic disc and visual field. Glaucoma is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by retinal ganglion cell loss. There are a number of risk factors associated with glaucoma, including age, ethnicity, and family history. The current standard of therapy for glaucoma involves lowering the intraocular pressure through medical, laser, and/or surgical therapy. Nevertheless, there are an increasing number of glaucoma patients that use alternative medicines to treat their glaucoma or supplement their traditional glaucoma management. Ginkgo biloba, Saffron, and medical marijuana are amongst the most commonly used medicinal plants by glaucoma patients. A neurodegenerative disease has a varied pathogenesis scenario, including elevated intraocular pressure, and hypoxic conditions in the retina. The current standard of care for treating glaucoma patients is therapeutic IOP lowering by topical ocular medicines, laser trabeculoplasty, and glaucoma filtration surgery. Several well-controlled clinical trials have demonstrated the importance of IOP-lowering therapy in all phases of the disease. This study explored emerging glaucoma pharmacotherapy approaches based on nanomedicines, such as liposomes, microsphere and nanoparticles. The goal of this article is to provide a thorough overview of the frontier developments, problems, and hotspots that have emerged in the field of nanomedicines, perhaps paving the way for future practical advancements.
This paper seeks to examine the complex relationship between legal frameworks and ESG considerations, examining the ways in which these domains interact, support one another, and occasionally pose problems or conflicts. It will look at how ESG regulations are changing around the world, taking into account the various stances that various governments and regulatory organisations have taken. The way in which businesses negotiate these complexities and incorporate ESG principles into their governance frameworks and strategic decision-making procedures will be demonstrated through case studies and examples. The paper will also critically evaluate how well the current legal frameworks address ESG issues, noting areas where regulatory frameworks may need to change in order to better support sustainable business practices, as well as any enforcement gaps or ambiguities in the requirements for compliance. Through an analysis of how ESG integration affects various stakeholders, such as investors, employees, communities, and society at large, this research seeks to illustrate the concrete advantages as well as possible disadvantages of matching corporate behaviour with ESG objectives within the current legal framework.
A Survey on the Tandem Queueing Models
R.Keerthika1, S.P.Niranjan1, B. Komala Durga2Queueing systems play a pivotal role in modeling and optimizing service processes across diverse industries. Among various Queueing models, the tandem Queueing model stands out as a fundamental and versatile framework. Understanding and effectively analyzing these systems is crucial for improving efficiency, minimizing delays, and enhancing customer satisfaction. This survey reviews the historical development of tandem Queueing theory, elucidates core concepts, and highlights its significance in modern service systems. We also provide an overview of analytical tools and techniques used to evaluate tandem Queueing system performance, covering both classical and contemporary methodologies.Purpose of this paper is to provide an in-depth evaluation and comprehensive overview of tandem Queueing models.
Indirect Tax Reform in India: from VAT to GST
VasaviThe introduction of Goods and Services Tax in India is part of long process of tax reform in India. It has been brought through a constitutional amendment act. The issue of tax cascading was a serious impediment in the realisation of a rationalised tax regime while the need on an integrated indirect tax system was an all time necessity. These concerns led to a step by step movement in the direction of tax reform. Initially the VAT regime was established which recently got replaced with the GST. The GST in India is of a particular type with certain important aspects of it. This paper attempts to discuss the entire shift in the taxation system with the introduction of Goods and Services Tax.
Post-investment exposure, especially in rural areas, is frequently not fully investigated. This study investigates how investors in indigenous chit funds in Kerala, locally called as ‘Kurris’ or ‘Chitties’, behave after making an investment, with the goal of identifying the factors that affect their opinion, satisfaction, perception, and future investment intentions. The study employs a descriptiveas well as an analytical approach, gathering primary data from 200 rural investors in Kerala through structured questionnaires. Additionally, it utilises secondary data from various reports, publications, and journals. The research design is both descriptive and analytical in nature. Even though Chit Fund schemes are common, there is still a lack of understanding regarding investor behavioural post-participation. This study aims to bridge this gap by examining the opinion, attitudes, motivations, and satisfaction levels of investors, thereby guiding efforts to improve financial literacy and inclusion in rural areas. This study also confirms the association between investment satisfaction and behavioural intentions, and the association between investors’ awareness and investment attitude towards Kurris. The study highlights that Kurris are most liquid, flexible, economic, social, co-operative, accessible, simple, and gender neutral indigenous investment avenue for rural and low income populace.
Background: Fluoride is one of the most common, highly reactive and non-biodegradable environmental pollutant. It is found in all natural waterways but groundwater is more contaminated when compared to other water ways. It is because of the geogenic source like rock and sediments rich in fluoride minerals contaminate groundwater. Another source of fluoride is from the phosphate fertilizers, industrial effluents and coal burning in thermal power plants. Fluoride from all these anthropogenic sources comes in contact with precipitation and then it seeps into the earth and contaminate groundwater. Increases in population in India increase demand for water, most of the population in urban and rural areas completely depend upon groundwater for drinking and cooking purpose. So it is very import to check the contaminants in water and remedial measures should be taken to remove the contaminants from the water. Objective: To determine the fluoride concentration in the groundwater of Mandya and Mysore district. Methodology: A total of about 120 water samples were collected from 40 villages of Mysore and Mandya district in 400ml pre-sterilized polyethylene bottles. The water sample was taken from the tap after five minutes of being flushed. Water flow was decreased, the sample was filled to the bottle's shoulder, and the cap was tightened to prevent leaks. The collected water sample was preserved and fluoride concentration was determined by using SPADNS method. Results: Out of 40 villages in Mysore and Mandya district, 15 villages have a greater than the allowed fluoride amount in drinking water, as per WHO guidelines. The remaining villages had fluoride levels below 1.5 mg/L, which is the recommended level of fluoride concentration. The fluoride concentrations ranges of all taluks as follows: KR Pete - 2.3±0.29 to 2.8±0.18ppm, Pandavapura - 0.1±0.34 to 2.8±0.63ppm, Malavalli - 0.1±0.29 – 0.5 ±0.44ppm, Srirangapatana 1.1±0.58 – 2.8±0.69ppm, Nagamangala 2.0±0.1 to 3.0±0.2ppm, Mysore 0 to 2.5±0.1ppm, Hunsur 0.5±0 – 1.29±0ppm, and KR Nagara 0.29±0.18 – 1.43±0.30 ppm. Out of 25 villages, 13 in Mandya district and 1 in Mysore district consists of the maximum fluoride content over the 1.5 mg/L allowable limit.
Drought Mediated Morphological and Physiological Alterationsin legumes
Dr. Suhana Rao1, Dr. Sushil Kumar2, Dr. Sombir Singh3 *, Dr. Vijay Kumar4 & Dr. Neeraj Kumar5Drought stress significantly impends plant growth and agricultural productivity, especially with the increasing global population and climate change.Legumes, which account for a significant portion of global agricultural output and protein supply, are particularly vulnerable to drought, affecting their growth, developmentand yield. Despite the well-documented adverse effects of drought on various crops, there is a lack of comprehensive research on the responses and adaptive mechanisms of legume crops to drought stress. This review explores the multifaceted impacts of drought stress on legumes, from seed germination, morphology, physiological processes to yield outcomes and also the adaptive mechanisms that enable them to tolerate such stress. Understanding these mechanisms is vital for developing strategies to enhance legume productivity under drought conditions.
Biomagnifications of Heavy Metals in Aquatic Inhabitants
Mudity1, Vishal Rajput1*, Vijay Kumar1, Vivek Kumar1, Simran Bhatt1, Survesh Rustagi2The natural aquatic ecosystems are being significantly impacted by the discharge of wastewater containing harmful heavy metals from the industrial sector without proper treatment of contaminated water. As a result, harmful heavy metals collected in various aquatic animal organs, such as fish tissues or organ systems, disrupting their physiological pathways and lowering their rate of development and reproduction. Bioaccumulation is a sustainable method for addressing heavy metal toxicity in polluted aquatic environments. Additionally, by modifying the harmful effects of certain heavy metals, bioremediation aids in improving the physical conditions of fish. Additionally, it contributes to the productivity of aquatic ecosystems by using the proper bioremediation techniques, which can significantly recycle water to reduce water waste and significantly reduce bio-contaminants by decomposing organic matter and increasing environmental biosafety.
Design Thinking as a Pedagogical Approach in Educational Settings: A Systematic Review
Rupali Pandit1, Prof. Ina Shastri2 , Ajay Surana3Design thinking (DT) is a creative, innovative and human-centred mindset and process which employs multi-disciplinary collaborative teams to yield user-focused experiences or services and products. DT stands as a promising teaching approach in education since it is constructed on the notion that student learns through dealing with wicked issues. Such an approach to implement in a school setting is not straightforward. Through systematic literature review, the study enumerates reports, reviews, different scholarly works and theoretical reflections to enhance the understanding of DT context, benefits, affordances, effects, limitations, outcomes and purpose of DT in the education sector. The article explicated the systematic article selection about characteristics of DT, to make it fruitful in education, its approach, how it is innovatively utilised to develop pedagogy in K-12 schools, lessons learnt in its application, techniques and tools applied in DT. The existing literature was reviewed, and studies were synthesised to bring out a preliminary analysis of the researchers on DT to be used as a pedagogical approach in K-12 schools. However, the paper seeks to enunciate how this design education offers a sound-based foundation not alone towards traditional academic education or professionals indulged in knowledge or design-based industries, but significantly it imparts problem-skills like curiosity, innovation, communication, citizenship, empathy, social skills, facilitation, critical ideas thinking and creativity by this DT approach on school students. Since these skills traverse beyond peculiar knowledge-focussed fields and lie sound-based for a person’s career, hence this DT-based education is recommended to be utilised as a paradigm to get adopted in school.
Teacher effectiveness is a cornerstone of educational quality and student achievement. In India, recent reforms under the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, the National Curriculum Framework for Foundational Stage (NCF-FS) 2022, the National Curriculum Framework for School Education (NCF-SE) 2023, and the Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan aim to elevate the quality of teaching across the country. This research paper delves into the concept of teacher effectiveness within the framework of these reforms, exploring how they intend to address challenges in teacher preparation, professional development, and resource allocation. Through a comprehensive analysis, this paper identifies the implications for educational practice and policy, while also highlighting the potential barriers to successful implementation.
The writing of this paper aims to report on the results of research conducted on the conservation and sustainability of turtle in Bakungan Island, Sandakan and Bohey Dulang Island, Semporna in Sabah, Malaysia. Nowadays, turtles have been categorized as among the endangered species of life due to various factors. In fact, this study aims to find out what is the alternatives of conservation and survival of newborn turtle in addition to continuing to release the newly born turtle into the sea only. Based on the study, the method of releasing newly born turtles into the sea is no longer practical nowadays due to the existence of various predators in the coastal areas. The results from this study showing this problem can be overcome by not releasing the newly born turtle directly into the sea but preserved this newly born turtle until the shell of the turtle shell has become hard by using several methods such as the pond, tank and cage.
The Mastery of Malay Language among Tamil School Students
1Thulasirani A/P Munuyandi, 2Salina Husain, 3Mohd Azidan Abdul Jabar, 4Zuraini JusohThis analysis centers on characterizing the degree of verbal mastery of the verb in the Malay language using the questionnaire by Tamil school students. The target of study is to assess the verb mastery in Malay language among Tamil school students through the use of Test application. Besides, this study analyzed the factors that influence verb dominance in the Malay language. The quantitative survey research design was utilized to convey questionnaires among 100 Tamil students. The outcomes show that Tamil students are as yet weak on Malay verb data while utilizing the test (N = 1.96; SD = 0.46). This shows that Tamil students are as yet unfit to offer enormous displays and are truly impacted by their primary language. Its essentials are feeble in Malay because of its attitude, absence of teaching materials, teacher attitude, and parental point of view. The consequences of this study shows that all groups ought to assume a part in further developing the verb dominance of the Malay verb utilized by Tamil students. This implies that they don't keep away from training, particularly in issues of the Malay language. Later on the verb mastery of English language can be investigated using test application.
Impact of Religion on Populace Participation in Politics for National Development
Adeyemi Olusegun Adewuyi1, Victor Ifatokun2, Ajani, Ezekiel Oladapo3This paper examined the Impact of Religion on Populace Participation in Politics for National Development. Religion, the opium of the masses, has become a strong determining factor for people’s participation in politics. The influence of religion on politics is visible in the participation of the populace in political matters or issues. This means religion can enhance or affect national development. The research adopted a descriptive design while data was reported qualitatively. Findings revealed that religion had contributed positively and negatively to politics and that some adherence to religious and moral values enhanced peace and national development. At the same time, some disturbed progressive peace and national development. The work recommends that political officeholders adhere to the positive tenets of their faiths, which promote the welfare of the human race.
Green Solutions: Handmade Paper from the Invasive Weed Artemisia Absinthium
1Dr. M. Vishnu Priya*,2Dr. K. Rajaprian,3Mr. S. Arul,4Ms. K. ShaliniThis study explores the potential of Artemisia absinthium, commonly known as wormwood, as a sustainable raw material for paper production. As environmental concerns about deforestation and pollution grow, the search for alternative, eco-friendly resources becomes increasingly important. A. absinthium, known for its fast growth and abundance, offers a promising solution. The research involved the extraction and processing of fibers from wormwood plants, followed by their conversion into pulp suitable for paper manufacturing. The mechanical and chemical properties of the resulting paper were evaluated and compared with conventional wood-based paper. Results indicated that wormwood-derived paper exhibits comparable strength, durability, and printability, while also being more biodegradable. Additionally, the cultivation of the weed requires fewer agricultural inputs, such as water and fertilizers, making it a more sustainable crop. This study also highlights the economic benefits for farmers and industries in regions where wormwood is readily available. By utilizing A. absinthium as a raw material, the paper industry can reduce its ecological footprint and contribute to a more sustainable future. Further research is recommended to optimize the processing techniques and explore the potential of combining wormwood fibres with other natural fibres to enhance paper quality. The findings of this study advocate for the inclusion of A. absinthium in the repertoire of raw materials for eco-friendly paper production, marking a significant step towards sustainable industrial practices.
The Impact of Sustainability Reporting on the Brand Performance
1Agama, Emieseifa James,2Udoh, Francis Sylvanus, 3Diyoke, Kenneth Onyeka, 4Saji George, 5Nwoye May IfeomaSustainability reporting has established itself as an essential tool capable of assisting firms and organisations in meeting the rising need for openness from consumers, investors, other stakeholders, and society in general. The study was necessitated following the persistent application of sustainability reporting tools to influence brand performance. The study adopts a cross sectional survey research design, and with an infinite population A sample size 384, the proportionate sampling technique was used in administering the five-point Likert scale structured questionnaire to different categories of the banks’ customers. The result of the study indicated that on a general note, the impact of sustainability reporting on brand performance of the banks is significant. Also, after the introduction of mediating variable media exposure, the model R-square and R-square adjusted was seen to have improved (68.2% and 67.9%) respectively, implying that the introduction of the mediation variable improves the explanatory power of the model and thus more robust. Based on these findings the study concluded that organisations need to report and communicate their sustainability efforts to enhance the perception of their customers. The study recommends the deepening of social responsibility through the improvement of engagement via the media. Similarly, there is the need for the banks to ensure transparency, participation, and accountability in communicating their corporate social responsibility activities.
The Impact of Work-Related Stress on Job Burnout among Nurses: A Systematic Review
1Ahmed Faisal Aloudah*; 2Abdulaziz Abdulwahab Mohammad Alshehri; 3Ali Mathkar Almutairi; 4Abdulaziz Awad sh Alanazi; 5Faris Saad Almutairi & 6Tareq Rajeh AlbagamiThe current study aims to systematically review and analyze the relationship between work-related stress and job burnout among nurses, focusing on how stress contributes to burnout development. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (Prisma) guidelines. The review searched databases including Medline, Psyc Info, Pub Med, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science from January 2018 to June 2024, supplemented by Google Scholar and manual reference list checks, with duplicate records removed. The review included 19 studies involving 10,486 nurses, including 18 cross-sectional and one qualitative study. Findings revealed a range of burnout and stress levels among nurses, from low to high, with most studies confirming a positive relationship between work-related stress and burnout. Additionally, some research indicated that work-related stress impacts burnout indirectly through various mediating factors. The review highlights the need for interventions that address stress management and mediators to effectively reduce burnout among nurses, suggesting that future research should focus on longitudinal studies and the exploration of mediators in diverse settings to better understand and mitigate burnout in nursing practice.
"Unlocking Ecotourism Opportunities through Biodiversity Conservation in Pench National Park"
Ku. Neeleshwari1, Sanjay Singh Chauhan2 & Ravikant Singh3*This study explores the potential of unlocking ecotourism opportunities in Pench National Park through biodiversity conservation. By analysing the park’s rich biodiversity, including key species such as the Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris), Indian leopard (Panthera pardus fusca), and numerous bird species, we examine the synergy between conservation efforts and ecotourism development. The study used a mixed-methods approach, combining field surveys, interviews with local stakeholders, and data analysis of wildlife population trends and tourist influx. Results indicate a 15% increase in wildlife sightings over the last three years, correlating with a 20% rise in ecotourism activities. Data from local communities highlight that 65% of households now benefit economically from tourism-related activities, showing that biodiversity conservation efforts directly support sustainable livelihoods. However, challenges such as habitat fragmentation and human-wildlife conflict were noted, necessitating more integrated conservation strategies. The findings demonstrate that Pench National Park has significant potential for ecotourism, but success hinges on continuous conservation efforts and stakeholder collaboration. Ecotourism, if developed responsibly, can provide a sustainable economic model while preserving the park’s ecological integrity, ultimately supporting both conservation and local development goals.
Insurgency in Assam: with Special Refrence to the ULFA in the Last Decade of the 20th Century
Dr. Shirumoni BaruahAssam considered as the gateway to the Northeast of India was a hot bed for numerous socio-political crises in the last two decades of the 20th centuries. It is a land of rich natural resources such as oil, tropical forest, tea, coal, timber, silk etc. The strong sense of exploitation and deprivation has helped to generate the separatist tendencies among the masses of the region. It is said that Assamese nationalism articulated first in 1979 as a protest against immigration from Bangladesh. A moderate section of leaders of the Assam movement demanded detection and deportation of all foreigners from Assam. On the other hand the radicals formed the militant organization i.e. ULFA (United Liberation Front of Assam). During this period some youths decided to take arms to carry out armed struggle to bring a revolutionary change in the political sphere of the state. Corruption in the government machinery, unemployment, influx of illegal migrants, exploitation of natural resources by the Central government without any benefit of the local people contribute the youths to support ULFA. During its first five years of it establishment this militant organization had not only engaged in some unlawful activities but also on some constructive works. But gradually, they lost its popularity and strength due to numerous factors. In this work an attempt has been made to analyze the activities of ULFA which had a great impact on socio-political and economic scenario of Assam in the last decade of the 20th century
This study aims to investigate the challenges and opportunities in Pakistan's international trade, focusing on the impact of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) on trade volumes with key partners. Employing a gravity model, the research assesses the effects of FTAs on trade volumes between Pakistan and its principal trading partners, including the U.S., EU, and China. Additionally, a TOWS analysis is conducted to develop strategies for maximizing export potential and reducing import reliance. The findings reveal that Pakistan has not fully leveraged FTAs to enhance trade volumes, despite substantial trade potential. The analysis highlights the need for improved infrastructure and strategic FTA implementation to boost exports. Diversifying trade partnerships and entering new markets are identified as crucial for achieving sustainable economic growth .This study provides a comprehensive analysis of Pakistan's trade dynamics through the lens of FTAs and offers practical recommendations for policymakers. The insights can guide strategies to strengthen Pakistan's trade performance and economic stability.
"Digital Technologies- Innovation and Challenges towards M-Banking using IRT"
1Gazal Sharma*: 2Dr. Monika Mathur**Digital Banking has seen remarkable growth in both advanced and developing economies, but it is particularly intriguing in a number of emerging nations like India. However, mobile banking systems encounter a number of benefits as well as barriers. The failure of banking clients to embrace mobile banking is a significant challenge. Purpose: The study aims to provide light on the skepticism around applications for mobile banking. The present standards for evaluating user resistance to mobile banking apps are modified by this research. The study used the Innovation Resistance Model to examine the relationships between a number of consumer barriers and their behavioral intent to use mobile banking apps, as well as their perception of trust. Design/Methodology Approach: Primary data from 500 respondents through questionnaire has been collected through simple random sampling technique. Partial Least Square- Structural Equation Modelling Technique is applied to analyse the results. Findings: The study found that the value barrier along with traditional barriers, served as a major deterrent to people's non adoption of mobile banking. The findings suggest that the removal of barriers related with customers' perceptions of value as well as risk in banking are also important factors, followed by the provision of information and awareness programmes by financial institutions. Practical Implication: Customers can benefit in a number of ways from mobile banking features, some of which may have far-reaching effects on the digital economy. The study will assist banks in understanding and implementing strategies for the adoption process, enabling them to improve the quality of services offered to their customers. Theoretical Implication: This study aims to give an insight on consumers’ behavioural intention towards the factors considered as resistance for the adoption of technology under Innovation Resistance Technology Model.
Analysis of the Bibliometric method is a guideline for undertaking research that helps to understand the prevailing body of knowledge. The study used bibliometrics analysis to understand present-day research trends in Economic Growth, Employment, and Poverty Reduction. Web of Science (WOS) database is used to extract relevant research in the area of Economic Growth, Employment, and Poverty published from 1989 to 2023. The research analysis used Web of Science, Microsoft Excel, and VOS-viewer. This study identified the, vastly cited publications, noted authors, substantial themes, and co-citations in research trends showing interlinkages between Economic Growth, Employment, and Poverty Reduction. The findings of the research will hold substantial importance for scholars, researchers, and policymakers as they will gain insights into the focal points, emerging themes, and the overall progression of research in this field. Moreover, it will facilitate the identification of prolific authors, institutions, or regions that significantly contribute to the literature on linkages of poverty, employment, and a country’s economic growth.
Estimation of Salivary Sialic Acid Levels in Chronic Period on this Patients
Dr. Sri Sruthi Preman1,*Dr. Beeula.A2, Dr. S. Shamala3, Dr. Devi. M4, Dr. Adhithya. B5 & Dr. Kokila. S6Background: Gingivitis and periodontitis stand as the most common oral ailments, impact in gapproximately 50% of the adult human population. SA serves as a significant source of bacterial pathogens and plays a crucial role in the colonization of periodontal pathogens. It facilitates bacterial aggregation and contributes to the formation of pellicle and dental plaque. Aim: Toestimate and comparethesalivary Sialicacidlevelsinhealthy controls, gingivitis& chronic periodontitis patients. Material and Methods: Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from 60 participants Group I, (healthy controls, n=20), Group II (gingivitis, n=20), Group III (Individuals with periodontitis, n=20). Evaluation of periodontal health was done by calculating plaque index, measuring probing depth, and Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL). The saliva samples were collected, and centrifuged at8000 rpm for 12mins and biochemical analysis was done using the Acidic Ninhydrin method. Results: The mean salivary sialic acid levels in Group 3, Group 2, and Group 1 were 1.4785μg/ml, 1.115μg/ml, and 0.43μg/ml. These differences were found to best atistically significant (p<0.001). It is clear that as the severity of periodontal disease progresses from Group I to III, the average levels of SA in saliva also noticeably rise from Group I to Group III. Conclusion: Our study has shown significant results of increased salivary Sialic acid levels in periodontitis compared to healthy controls. Thereby estimation of salivary sialic acid levels is noninvasive, reliable, and cost-effective can be used as an adjunctto determine the current periodontal disease status, and monitor response to therapy, and assess the treatment outcomes.
Crosstalk Noise Modeling for Coupled SWCNT Bundle Interconnects using MRTD Technique
Dr. Bhaskar Gugulothu & Dr. B. Rajendra NaikThis paper analyzes the crosstalk effects of resistive driven single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) bundle interconnects. The wavelet-based numerical model Multiresolution Time Domain (MRTD) approach is used for interconnects analysis. The performance of the proposed model MRTD against the traditional Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) model and the SPICE tool is used to evaluate the global interconnects at 32nm technology node. Mathematical equations are done using MATLAB. For various test cases, the effect of line resistances on crosstalk effects were evaluated for delay measurement, while in-phase, out-phase and functional crosstalk, the average errors is observed to be less than 2.9%, 1.86% and 1.78% respectively, and also the estimated noise peak voltage, is less than 1 percent on average. In that observation, proposed MRTD model dominates the traditional FDTD as accurately as the results of the SPICE simulation. This approach can be used to resolve the problems of electromagnetic interference and electromagnetic compatibility of on-chip interconnects.
Quantitative Study on the Preferred Mode of Counselling in Botswana: Group Versus Individual
1Tshidi M Wyllie, 2Rethabile Rittah Mmonadibe, 3Muraina K. OlanrewajuCounselling is one of the evidence-based interventions intended to help people processthe psychosocial challenges they face in day-to-day life. It is considered an effective service to help people cope with mentally draining issues. Often people facing various psychosocial challenges seek counselling and are referred by family members or employers for psychosocial support in the hope of finding relief, addressing emotional dysregulation and processing related issues. Therefore, counselling can be helpful for people experiencing various stressors such as divorce, grief, loss of a job, financial problems and many other socio-economic challenges. Often, two modes of counselling are used by psychotherapists and counsellors; Individual and Group counselling. The main purpose of this study was to establish the most preferred mode of counselling in Botswana, determine the fears individuals have towards Group counselling and examine why Batswana are uncomfortable with counselling. The findings of this quantitative study revealed that majority of Batswana prefer individual counselling as opposed to group counselling. The study deployed a quantitative research method and collected quantitative data through the use of a questionnaire. An online survey was conducted through Google Forms and the Google link for the questionnairewas shared on social media platforms such as Facebook, Linked Inand WhatsApp. Respondents consented online and only 100 respondents took part. The study established that people have fears of accessing group counselling due to confidentiality concerns. The authors of this article concludethat the majority of Batswana prefer individual counselling to group counselling, provide recommendations for creating awareness, and clinical supervision of counsellorsand suggestpossible future research areas.
Magnetic therapy utilizing Pulsed Electro Magnetic Field (PEMF) and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) has emerged as a promising non-invasive neuromodulating therapy for the treatment of various chronic pain syndromes. This paper highlights the effectiveness of PEMF and TENS in providing pain relief, as reported by numerous patients. Researchers have been investigating the impact of electric and magnetic fields on biological tissues to better understand the mechanisms underlying these therapies [1][2]. The efficacy of TENS is influenced by several factors, including the specific condition being treated, the placement of electrodes on the skin, and the settings of the TENS unit such as pulse frequency, duration, and intensity [3][4]. However, despite the widespread use of TENS, there remains a need for further evaluation of its effectiveness, particularly in assessing parameters such as stiffness and lack of mobilization [5][6]. Future studies should aim to comprehensively explore these factors to enhance our understanding of TENS efficacy and optimize its therapeutic outcomes for chronic pain management [7]. Superficial Heating Modalities (SHM) represent valuable therapeutic tools in the management of musculoskeletal conditions and pain syndromes [8][9]. Whether applied superficially or deeply, heat therapy can effectively alleviate pain, improve flexibility, and enhance tissue healing [10][11]. By understanding the mechanisms of action and clinical applications of different heating modalities, healthcare professionals can optimize their use to promote patient comfort and recovery [12][13]. The 50 Hz vibration in physiotherapy kits enhances muscle function, circulation, and healing [14][15]. The device generates 50 cycles per second, stimulating muscle spindles, leading to a tonic vibration reflex (TVR) that improves muscle tone and strength by repeated contractions [16][17]. It increases neural activity, improving neuromuscular pathways, muscle coordination, and control, beneficial for rehabilitation and training [18]. Enhanced blood flow and lymphatic circulation from vibrations aid in faster recovery and reduced soreness by dilating blood vessels [19]. It also modulates pain by stimulating large-diameter afferent nerve fibers, inhibiting pain signal transmission through the spinal cord, reducing pain sensation in treated areas [20].
Deep Learning Image Processing in Medicinal Plant Industry Approach
1Amrita Arjun Kindalkar, 2Dr. J. Venkata KrishnaBackground/Purpose: The integration of deep learning techniques in image processing has shown significant potential in various fields, including the identification and analysis of medicinal plants. Methodology/Approach: The relevant information and specifics for this case study on image processing using deep learning were gathered from a number of research projects that were presented at conferences, reference papers, and websites pertaining to the medicinal plant business. Developing a theoretical notion may be achieved by constructing the model and doing analysis using the ABCD substructure. Findings/Results: By enhancing the accuracy and efficacy of plant identification and analysis, the use of deep learning image processing in medicinal plants has the potential to completely transform the sector. Conclusion: This research examines the applicability and significance of deep learning and recognition of images in the current context of the medicinal plant sector. Paper Type: Analysis of the research based on the case study.
Management of Abruptio Placenta with DIC- Amultidisciplinary Approach
Madhushree C N1, Ashok Kumar K2Pregnancy-related DIC(disseminated intravascular coagulation)is an unusualbut serious consequence. The most frequent associated complication with acute DIC patients is placental abruption. Case: We are reporting a case of G2P1L1 with 29 weeks period of gestation referred from a local hospital with severe abdominal pain and bleeding per vagina, which was diagnosed as a case of Abruptio placentae. Intrauterine fetal death was confirmed on the ultrasound. Under general anesthesia, Emergency caesarean section was done in view of severe abruption with poor bishop score. Extracted a dead male fetus weighing 1.15 kg. Retroplacental clot of around 500gram present with average blood loss of 2000ml with Couvelaire uterus. Intraoperatively 2-unit PRBC transfusion done. Post operatively patient developed DIC with severe anemia. Patient shifted to ICU and managed with transfusion of 5unit PRBC,11FFP, 4RDP and managed successfully. Conclusion: Placental abruption with DIC should be managed carefully as it is associated with serious perinatal as well as maternal outcome. Early detection along with multidisciplinary approach is required to manage successfully.
Cultural Heritage and Eco-friendly Tourism: Exploring the Indigenous Traditions of Northeast India
Dr. Saswati Bordoloi1, Dr. Indrajit Dutta2As global tourism continues to grow, there is a critical need to evolve beyond traditional leisure travel towards models that prioritize environmental sustainability. This is especially vital in regions like Northeast India, where tourism can impose significant stress on both ecological systems and cultural heritage. The principles of ecological wisdom, which advocate for conservation and sustainable management, are crucial for safeguarding these invaluable resources. This study investigates the current state of tourism in Northeast India through a comprehensive approach that includes literature review, field research, and consultations with local stakeholders. The research aims to identify and promote strategies for responsible tourism that minimize environmental impact and support biodiversity conservation. It also explores how eco-friendly tourism practices can aid in the preservation of the region’s diverse cultural heritage, with a particular focus on notable sites such as Kaziranga National Park, the living root bridges of Meghalaya, and the monasteries of Arunachal Pradesh. The findings emphasize the necessity for adopting sustainable tourism practices to protect Northeast India’s natural and cultural assets. Practical recommendations are offered for policymakers, tourism operators, and visitors, underscoring the importance of conservation and responsible tourism in fostering sustainable development.
Hyperglycemia and Mortality in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19: A Retrospective Study
Dr Thabah Rajani; Dr Lyngdoh Nari M; Dr Sailo Laltanpuii; Dr Thopi Wewute Dr Nongbet DasaraBackground and Aims: Hyperglycemia has been linked to adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients, and poor glycemic control may contribute to a higher risk of poor outcomes and death in COVID-19 patients. We hypothesise that hyperglycemia may contribute greatly to COVID-19 mortality, and we aim to assess the association between hyperglycemia and mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Methods: This retrospective study included sixty COVID-19 patients admitted to the COVID-19 ICU from July 2020 to July 2021. Patients were divided into four groups based on random blood sugar at admission to the COVID-19 ICU. The number of deaths in each group was recorded. The data collected was analysed using the statistical package SPSS version 15.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, 1L), and a Fisher exact test was performed to find out the association between hyperglycemia and mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Results: The frequency and percentage of mortality in various groups were derived based on random blood sugar on admission to the COVID-19 ICU. The Fisher exact test showed no significant association between the random blood sugar level and mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients (P > 0.001). The frequency and percentage of the demographic profile of the participants (N = 60) were obtained, and the median + SD age in years was 48 + 16. Conclusion: Among the sixty patients who were investigated, 58.3 percent of them survived, and our study showed no significant association between random blood sugar levels and mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients.
Constraints in Broiler Poultry Farming in Indian Punjab
Rudhita Goel & Jasdeep Singh ToorLagging of agriculture in providing sufficient surplus to the farmers opened the doors for the allied sector and poultry farming has emerged as one of the major contributors.Although poultry production reaping economic and social benefits remains unabated but the constraints faced by the farmers during and after the production process creates hinderances in making it the most remunerative business.The present paper aims to throw light on the problems faced by the broiler poultry farmers in the Punjab state. The study has been conducted with the heads of broiler poultry farmers selected using a three stage stratified random sampling. A sample of 338 broiler poultry farmers has been collected from the top Eight districts of Punjabas it covers three-fourths of the bird population. Descriptive analysis has been conducted to estimate frequencies and percentages of the responses.On the production side, farmers have faced the major constraint of expensive feed, day old chicks and vaccines, exploitation by the companies, shortage of skilled labour, lack of improved breeds, low quality feed, costly labour, uneasy availability of finance (loan), lack of government support and cultural & religious barriers in undertaking the broiler poultry farmingoperations. In case of health constraint, among diseases, Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) is the most common disease, followed by underweight as well as overweight chickens and untimely veterinary service. There is existence of that affects the supply conditions in poultry farming.
Influence of Social Media Usage of New Mothers on Quality of Child Care
Dr. N.PremaThere is a view among common people is, when the parents are using social media, especially the mother’s usage gives negative impact on child rearing practice. As per the results ofsome research,we came to know that, when the parentsusing social media, they will havestress, depression andmental health issues. This study aimed to understand the influence of social media usage of new mothers on quality of child care. One hundred and thirty new mothers were taken as sample in the beginning to know how many new mothers are using social media. Finally, 120 new mothers who are using social media were taken for in-depth analysis excluding ten of them were not using social media for some valid reasons. Semi-structured interview method has been adopted to collect the relevant data for this research. Out of 120 sample, only ten percentage of new mothers are using Social Media for Health information even though they have small child/children. The remaining mothers are using it for other purposes, such as cooking, entertainments etc. Fifty percentage of young mothers are using Social media for more than three hours. This kind of attitude makes the other members of the family to get irritated. So that they are dissatisfied with the quality of Child care of new mothers.
Language and Gender-based Violence: A study of Buchi Emecheta's the Joys of Motherhood
Ebere Celina. Krisagbedo1 & Chris Uchenna Agbedo2This article examines the relationship between language and gender- based violence with aim of establishing the crucial role language plays in the initiation, execution, perpetuation and resistance of gender-based violence (GBV hereafter), using Buchi Emecheta’s novel, The Joys of Motherhood, as a case study. GBV is no doubt a double faceted phenomenon as it affects both genders, but the female gender is the most vulnerable. The paper adopted Giles’ Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT) as a framework, and equally used qualitative research method to interrogate instances of GBV with special focus on the linguistic strategies employed by the male characters in the novel to exert power and dominance over women resulting in severe gender abuse. The analysis focused on how characters adjust their use of language at different points in time to align with or challenge the societal norms and cultural expectations of gender roles in a highly patriarchal setting. The result of the analysis indicates that communication accommodation with regard to GBV in the novel manifests at two levels: the convergence and the divergence levels, the former is used to perpetuate GBV while the later serves as a tool for its resistance. The study therefore, underscores the need to understand the role of language in perpetuating gender-based violence and calls for the development of communication strategies that can facilitate gender equality and promote non-violent communication.
This research explores the development and evaluation of a single-basin solar still integrated with a concentrator for water desalination. Various experimental parameters were investigated, including water depths, sensible heat storage materials, latent heat materials, and porous substances under controlled heat inputs. The study incorporated a heat exchanger within the concentrator to enhance the temperature of the standard solar still. The collector tray, with an area of 0.9 m² and made from 4 mm thick galvanized iron (G.I.) sheet, was painted black and connected to a heat exchanger pipe. The glass cover was positioned at a 30-degree angle. Water depths of 2 cm, 3 cm, and 4 cm were tested to assess their impact on still efficiency, alongside the use of sensible heat storage materials, latent heat materials, and porous materials. The highest evaporation rate of 2220 ml/m² was recorded at a 2 cm water depth. The use of sensible heat storage materials in the concentrator led to the shortest payback period.
Two- and Three-Dimensional Partial Differential Equations Solved by using the DTM
Rohit Anandrao Nagargoje1, Ananya Manwal2, Amol Shirsath3In this work, using the differential transform approach, we get an approximate series solution for various partial differential equations in this study. By solving higher-order two- and three-dimensional partial differential equations, the DTM minimizes the amount of calculus effort.
Working Environment and Job Satisfaction: A Study on Banking Sector
Dr.Binay Krishna HalderThe aim of this paper is to determine the relationship between working environment and job satisfaction in banking sector in the city of Kolkata, India. Simple random sampling is used for collection of data. The standard structure questionnaire is administered for collection of data from 230 employees working in banking sector in the city of Kolkata.The standard structured questionnaire named “Working Environment (WE) Scale”designed and developed bySpector (1997), and Job Satisfaction (JS) Scale designed and developed by Weiss et al. (1967) was administered. The hypotheses formulated in the study were analysed by using appropriate statistical test like mean, SD, t-test, ANOVA and regression analysis. The results reveals that the working environment and job satisfaction is positively correlated and has a positive relationship between working environment and job satisfaction of the employees in banking sector. The study concludes that the organisation needs to understand the importance of the healthy working environment for achieving the highest level of job satisfaction of the employees.High level of job satisfaction leads to motivate their employees and encourage to work hard for attaining the goals and objectives of the organisation.
Risk Assessment and Association of Oral Leukoplakia and Tobacco Related Habits in Jammu Region
1Dr Azra Kouser; 2Dr Rubeena Anjum; 3Dr Pradakhshana Vijay; 4Dr Manisha Koul; 5Dr Priyanka Singh; 6Syed Ali RaffanIntroduction: Leukoplakia is an asymptomatic and potentially malignant disorder in the oral mucosa and high frequencies have been reported among smokers. Tobacco chewing and smoking have been identified as major risk factors for oral pre-cancer and cancer in India. The incidence and prevalence of oral leukoplakia vary among different populations in India due to cultural and demographic differences.The present study emphasizes the assessment of leukoplakia and tobacco use, as well as the associations between the two, in the region of Jammu. This can aid in research and help in future efforts to frame policy-making in tobacco control. Aim and Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of oral leukoplakia and tobacco related habits and to assess the risk of developing oral leukoplakia in patients and tobacco-related habits among the inhabitants of Jammu region. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 cases were evaluated from July 2022- March 2024 based on age, gender, tobacco-related habits, and histopathological diagnosis. This study includes the histopathologically confirmed cases of the white lesions with no malignant changes during clinical diagnosis and Cases reported as carcinoma, patients associated with syndromes, and those patients with incomplete clinical or histopathological details were excluded.Pearson's correlation coefficient was utilized to assess the strength and relationship between variables. The statistical analysis between two variables was performed using the chi-square test. Specifically, the chi-square test was applied to examine the relationship between the duration of habits and histopathological diagnosis, with a p-value of less than 0.05 being considered statistically significant. Result and conclusion: Out of 120 white lesions identified, approximately 60 cases (50 %) were diagnosed as oral leukoplakia. Five percent of the population reported both tobacco and alcohol consumption. The age group most frequently affected was 41-50.Smoking was more commonly used by the study participants (73%) than tobacco consumption (27%).The oral health care providers must take utmost care and vigilance to diagnose the lesion at initial stages and provide appropriate treatment modalities and effective tobacco interventions and policy making for tobacco control.
Green Marketing Practices for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals inBangladesh
Purbasha Dash1 & Mosa. Shely Khatun2This paper explores the role of green marketing in promoting sustainable development and its impact on consumer behavior. Green marketing involves the integration of environmental considerations into marketing practices to address consumer demand for eco-friendly products and services. Through an extensive review of literature and case studies, this paper highlights the growing importance of green marketing as a strategic tool for businesses aiming to achieve a competitive advantage while contributing to environmental sustainability. Key topics include the influence of green marketing on consumer purchase intentions, the challenges and opportunities faced by businesses in adopting green practices, and the role of green marketing in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) in developing countries, particularly in Bangladesh. The paper also examines the green marketing mix, which encompasses product, price, place, and promotion strategies that align with environmental objectives. Findings suggest that green marketing not only enhances consumer satisfaction and loyalty but also plays a crucial role in advancing global sustainability efforts.
Infraorbital Space Infection Secondary to Presence of Foreign Body-Case Report
Dr Spoorthi T S; Dr Beena Roopak; Dr Habimunirunisa; Dr Madhumati Singh & Dr Mamatha N SInfraorbital space infections are rare but potentially severe complications arising from foreign body impalement in the maxillofacial region. This case report details a 52-year-old male presenting with left facial pain and swelling following a fall onto dry plant twig. The initial examination revealed diffuse swelling, erythema, and active pus drainage in the left infraorbital region. Despite preliminary care, the patient's symptoms persisted, leading to further investigation. A Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scan revealed subcutaneous edema and hematoma, but did not initially identify the foreign body. Upon debridement, a 6 cm wooden particle was discovered and removed under local anesthesia. The patient was treated with intravenous antibiotics, analgesics, and corticosteroids, and showed significant improvement post-operatively. The culture and sensitivity testing of the pus drained revealed no bacterial growth, and the patient was discharged with a course of oral antibiotics. Follow-up demonstrated complete resolution of the infection, with satisfactory wound healing. This case underscores the diagnostic challenges posed by organic foreign bodies, which may not be readily visible on imaging studies. The importance of thorough clinical examination, patient history, and appropriate imaging techniques is emphasized to prevent misdiagnosis and complications. The management of such injuries requires a multidisciplinary approach, including meticulous surgical debridement and adequate antibiotic coverage to ensure optimal outcomes. This case also highlights the necessity for heightened awareness and caution in cases of facial trauma, even when initial imaging does not suggest the presence of a foreign body.
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A Case Series on Variations in Superior Articulating Facets of Atlas and its Clinical Significance
Khrieketouzo Chielie1, Leon Ranjoline Guria2*, Thoudam Bedita Devi2Introduction: The atlanto-occipital joint strains predominantly induce a tension-like headache which is caused as a result of a prolonged and an inappropriate posture which results from a poor ergonomic adaptation. Superior articulating facets on atlas are usually concave, with concavity in both longitudinal and transverse directions. However, variations have been reported in shape of its superior articulating surfaces. The anatomy of the atlas is essential to understand the basis for Craniovertebral junction anomalies and their surgical correction. Material and Methods: This study was conducted at the Department of Anatomy of Shija Academy of Health Sciences, Imphal, Manipur. During routine undergraduate studies, variant superior articulating surfaces of atlas were observed in 10 bones. Result: Out of the 10 cases, three cases were observed to have comma shaped articulating surfaces,dumb bell shaped was observed in one vertebrae and complete separation of articulating surfaces was seen in fourvertebrae along with two vertebrae showing irregular superior articulating facets. Conclusion: In recent years, considerable innovations in the internal fixation techniques have created a need for more detailed quantitative description of the anatomy of this bone. Thus, the anatomy of the cervical vertebrae or the spine is of great clinical importance to surgeons, as a surgical procedure may be done through the anterior or posterior cervical spine, with gratifying results
Performance Analysis of World Happiness using Machine Learning Algorithms
Dr. S. LakshmiHappiness is the ultimate goal of each and every individual. It is very challenging task to define the happiness and measure the happiness since the perception of happiness may differ for everyone. Phycologists are trying to assess the happiness by considering some key signs such as “Feeling satisfied”, “Enjoying the positive and healthy relationship with others”, “Experiencing gratitude”, “Practicing kindness”, “Being with loved ones or friends” and “Willingness to take challenges”. The purpose of this paper is to conduct the study on world happiness report dataset and find out the main features of happiness of the human beings. It has been identified that the GDP per capita is the main factor for happiness. The second choice is the life span of the human being. The GDP and Life expectancy played a major role to decide the happiness score and this could be the general opinion of all human without any doubt and hesitation. Being healthy and wealthy people are all happy in their real life? In this paper, I try to find out answer for this question by considering other factors of the world happiness index dataset.
Impact of Net Metering on Hybrid Renewable Energy System Economics in Mymensingh, Bangladesh
Md. Ahasan Habib1,Tanjim Taharat Aurpa2, Tanjim Mahmud3, Noshin Tahsin4, Md. Ashrafuzzaman 5, Jannatun Ferdous6,Md. Asaduzzaman Jemy7 & Md. Ahsan Habib8The integration of net metering into hybrid renewable energy systems significantly enhances their economic viability and promotes wider adoption of renewable technologies. This study employs Homer software to simulate and optimize various hybrid configurations, revealing that the inclusion of net metering reduces the cost of energy (COE) from $0.058 to $0.036 per kWh for systems comprising photovoltaic (PV) panels, wind turbine, diesel generators,and batteries. Net metering not only provides financial incentives for excess energy production but also improves grid stability and efficiency. Sensitivity analysis shows that rising diesel prices increase the COE for hybrid systems, emphasizing the economic benefits of net metering in mitigating such impacts. Additionally, net metering helps offset higher costs related to interest rates and capacity shortages, ultimately fostering a more resilient and cost-effective energy infrastructure. This study underscores the critical role of net metering in advancing sustainable energy solutions and supporting the transition to a renewable energy future.
Traditional Indian Medicine System Ayurved is treasure of knowledge, life principle ,health maintenance &disease cure secrets .Panchakarma, ( purification Therapy) help to expel toxin from body.Panchamahabhutas, Agni, Nadi Pareeksha, Ama, Tridosh, Sapt Dhatu, Shadvidh kriyakal, Prakriti, Pathya& Panchkarma are soul of Ayurved. Through the detoxification process, panchakarma is an Ayurvedic method of body purification. The five therapies—Vamana, Virechana, Basti, Nasya, and Rakthamoksha—along with the Panchakarma regimen generally eradicate the poisons. Our immune systems are bolstered and our bodies are revitalized through detoxification. The Tridoshas are balanced by Panchakarma. In order to suit time and logistical constraints, panchakarma can be done at home in addition to the usual ayurveda centre by a qualified and experienced ayurvedic practitioner. Ayurvedic guidelines and a few easy at-home remedies are used in panchakarma, a type of at-home medicine.There are some Panchkarma operations that can be performed at home, but the first step is to determine which kind of therapy would be most beneficial for a particular person. Thus, in order to determine the best course of action based on Ritu, Roga, the patient's Prakriti, and Poorvakarma and Paschatkarma, one must speak with a physician.
Mobile commerce has rapidly developed in the last few years. However, consumers' widespread acceptance of its transactions in Malaysia poses a significant obstacle for m-commerce suppliers. This paper proposes to examine the factors impacting mobile commerce use in Malaysia. Convenience sampling was employed to integrate TAM and TPB, and 350 surveys were collected online from customers residing in Selangor, Malaysia. The current study employed a two-stage structural equation modelling approach to investigate the research model and evaluate the hypotheses. The results show that perceived usefulness, subjective norms, and ease of use significantly impact consumers' intention to adopt m-commerce in Malaysia. In contrast, attitude and perceived behavioural control do not significantly impact the intention to use m-commerce. Hence, the findings of this paper offer significant advantages for m-commerce providers in Malaysia, particularly for firms that are working towards effectively adopting mobile commerce and enhancing consumers' willingness to utilise mobile commerce in Malaysia. The findings of this paper are advantageous for academics, marketers, policymakers, and practitioners.
Abdulrazak Gurnah is a Zanzibar-born British novelist and one of Africa's most well-known contemporary novelists. The novels written by him provide a distinctive picture of pre to postcolonial East Africa, and the effects which colonisation has on the people. The writings of Gurnah also depict the struggles that people belonging to East Africa had to face in the post-colonial age, both in and outside of their countries. Highlighting human relations has been one of the top priorities for Gurnah. In the postcolonial Western social sphere, the traditional concept of power associated with sovereignty, domination, threat or violence has been changed to surveillance, normalising judgements, categorization, discipline and observation of accepted hetero-normative social ideals which have further been complicated with the practice of apartheid. Gurnah’s novel Dottie is a saga of the journey of life of its protagonist, Dottie from a naive, exploited black girl to an independent, strong woman full of self-respect. While fighting desperately to raise her siblings and herself in a racist, white social structure she confronts constant oppressive power structure that posits and assigns the Blacks a peripheral exploited position besides confronting the power discourse of her own community which is used to subdue and subjugate the woman rights and voices. Her continuous struggle for women dignity and values and for educating herself emancipates her from this fatal predicament and transmogrifies her life, ultimately leading to her absorbency of existing power mechanism in order to make her fit and accepted in the contemporary socio-cultural setting.
Prolonged Internet use and its Impact on Daytime Work Efficiency among School Teachers
Gunamani, S1, Tamil Selvi,M2, Maruthavanan, A3, Hemalatha, P4 & Chitra,R5Background: Internet addiction is prevalent among all professionals’ groups and has many societal and health issues in prolonged internet users. But the research on the status of Internet addiction and its effect on feeling daytime sleepiness among school teachers are scanty which formed the basis of the study. Methods:A cross sectional study was conducted using Internet Addiction Scale (IAT) test and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) as instruments to assess internet addiction and its influence on daytime sleepiness among school teachers. The data was collected through online and analyzed for the statistical significance using software. Results:Out of 496 respondents, 42.74 and 57.26 per cent were females and males. About 52.82, 37.90 and 9.28 percent were 25-40, 41-50 and >50years age group respectively. The IAT score showed 45.97 per cent used internet normally. There were 34.88, 15.52 and 3.62 percent had mild, moderate and severe dependence upon internet respectively. However, no significant association was observed between demographic variables, age groups and internet addiction. The results of the ESS score revealed that 46.77 per cent respondents were unlikely to get daytime sleepiness while the remaining 42.34 per cent expressed the feeling of daytime sleepiness. About 10.89 per cent of respondents had higher ESS score (16 to 24) who needs to consider medical attention. A significant (p<0.001) positive association was found between males and females, and age groups with ESS scale score. All respondents in the study used internet more than two hours daily for purpose and spending leisure time. However, the duration of internet use by the both gender and age groups did not vary which showed that no difference in using internet for purpose and leisure time. Conclusion:It is concluded that presence of internet addiction and feeling daytime sleepiness is revealed among school teachers in the current study.
The Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution was identified as a good model for flood frequency analysis in hydrology. In this study, annual daily maximum flood heights data from 1970 to 2017 were modeled for five hydrometric sites in the Mahanadi River Basin, first time using the q-Generalized Extreme Value distribution (q-GEV) over GEV distribution model. The target of the study was met by estimating the parameters of the distributions using method of maximum likelihood estimation and performing Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Anderson-Darling and Cramer-von Mises goodness of fit tests; information based criteria AIC and BIC for q-GEV distribution and made comparison with GEV distribution. The simulation study was also conducted for checking the suitability of the model. The results revealed that q-GEV distribution performed better than GEV distribution in modeling the extreme events. This model is more helpful to water practitioners for predicting the extreme events and in taking necessary preparations to mitigate the bad effects of flooding on livings, crops and assets in the associated region.
Perceptions and attitudes are two concepts often used interchangeably and it is common for people to refer to a person’s attitude as perceptions to explain their behaviour. Attitudes may also be perceived as a complex construct as often it is a manifestation of a combination of attributes that include one’s personality, beliefs, values, behaviours and motivations. Pickens (2005, p.52) defines perceptions as “a mental or neural state of readiness, organised through experience, exerting a dynamic influence on the individual’s response to objects and situations to which it may be related”. Perceptions and attitudes play a significant role in human social behaviour.According to Pickens (2005), perceptions are related to attitudes and oftendifficult to differentiate. To establish the perceptions of counsellors towards clinical supervision (CS) in Botswana,two hundred and ten (210) counsellors and thirty-eight (38) supervisors were recruited to determine the level of access,theirknowledge of CS,attitudes, and CS practices. The study used the explanatory sequential research design;quantitative data was collected first and analysed to inform the qualitative data collection. The two data sets were merged through a meta-analysis to establish convergence and divergence. The total population sample was 248 practising counsellors of any gender drawn from 5 districts. More counsellors identified as females (79.3%),and (20.7%) as males; none indicated any other gender.The study revealed poor CS access, limited knowledge,limited training, and a lack of guiding principles. Surprisingly there were positive attitudes from both counsellors and supervisors and more convergence than divergence. The study recommends the development of a CS national framework, a review of the counsellor education curriculum,effective regulation and future researchto consider the use ofthe focus group method.
Sustainability Issues of Lower Subansiri Hydroelectric Power Project
1Dr. Shahiuz Zaman Ahmed; 1Ms. Neha KarA development project is analysed from three major components- Impact on Environmental Health, Economic Profitability, and Socio-Economic Equity to measure its Sustainability. The preliminary study was conducted through Interviews with the NHPC authorities entrusted with the responsibility of construction and management of the dam and the local people residing within the vicinity of the project area. The NHPC authority clarified from their end that the dam construction will bring sustainability from the economic end by generating 2000 MW of electricity which can enrich the country as a whole and the state of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh in particular by increasing the Hydroelectric power generating potential of the country and thereby removing the scarcity of power in both the states. Clearance of the National Green Tribunal also nullifies the issues of the local organizations mostly from the downstream area of the dam i.e. Assam regarding the impact of the dam on local ecology and livelihood of the riparian people residing in the downstream area. At the Socio-economic level, under its CSR project, NHPC authorities have conducted many awareness programs and even developed an e-website to promote women weavers for its brand SAAR Subansiri Handloom. Contrasting views were expressed by the people of downstream and upstream areas regarding the impact of the dam. While the upstream people are satisfied with the construction of dams since they are receiving free electricity, monetary compensation, and permanent jobs in the project the downstream people are denying any kind of benefit either from the government or from the NHPC authority. Moreover, the high voltage electric wires that cross over the nearby residential areas of the dam and the discharged dam water during the rainy and flood seasons pose a threat to the lives of the people and domestic cattle. In the case of employment also the downstream are employed only as casual labourers. The downstream people are also denied of compensation as per the dam displacement law – people residing within the 5 km vicinity of the project if anybody is displaced should receive compensation. So, the question of the sustainability of the LSHEP remains unresolved creating protests against the dam
Topic: A study to assess the knowledge regarding Standard Precautions among student Nurses. Background: Nurses are the principal group of health care personnel in all health care settings. Nurse’s lack of knowledge may be a barrier in prevention of infections. Aim: The objectives of the study were to assess the student nurses knowledge regarding Standard Precautions and to assess the relationship between student nurses knowledge regarding Standard precautions and selected variables. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted between student nurses at first, second and third years at Bhaarath college of Nursing, samples were selected using convenient sampling method. A validated self-prepared questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge. Results: 65 %(n=98) had very good knowledge, 4% of samples (n=4) had good knowledge, 3% of samples (n=3) had average knowledge and 28% of samples (n=42) of samples had below average knowledge. Conclusion: The findings obtained in this study by analyzing data from survey shows two-third of the participants have adequate knowledge on standard precaution. Hence regular courses should be held especially for the nursing students who are posted in critical care units as well as continuous monitoring of complianceby the nursing educators and Nursing supervisor. A holistic approach should be taken by the Teaching faculty,nurse educator, nurse manager, and nurses to overcome this problem.
The paper focuses on the significant work done using Green Human Resource Management research in several sectors worldwide grounded upon ongoing literature. It illustrates on the chronological development of Green Human Resource Management highlighting research works published since 2.5 decades. It reveals about the research focused on Green Human Resource Management practices such as Green Job design & Analysis, Green Recruitment and Selection, Green Training and Development, Green Induction, Green Performance management, Green Rewards and Compensation and Green Employee Relation. The review critically discusses on the global scenario relating the up gradation of Green Human Resource Management practices thereby creating great impact over the performance of the system as well as surrounding in associations with firms. However, this is the first paper that depicts the consequences of Green human resource management practices on its environmental performance in India together with its application through state-wise geographical distribution among different sectors too. The present review also throws light emphasizing the espousal of Green Human Resource Management practices and its societal influences during the pandemic COVID19. Last but not the least; the paper contributes towards encompassing the extent and depth of Green Human Resource Management towards the emergence of eco-sustainability.
Evaluating the Antibacterial Efficacy of Traditional Indian Herbs on Escherichia coli
Surender Kumar Sehrawat1, Neeraj Kumar1 Vikas Sarsar1*This study examines the antibacterial properties of various herbs commonly used in Indian cuisine, focusing specifically on their effects against Escherichia coli. The research investigates the effectiveness of Neem (Azadirachtaindica), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), Garlic (Allium sativum), and Lemon (Citrus limon) as natural antimicrobial agents. The methodology involves preparing herbal extracts and evaluating their antibacterial efficacy using the agar well diffusion method, with zones of inhibition measured to determine the extent of bacterial growth suppression. The results demonstrate significant antibacterial activity across all herbs, with Neem exhibiting the highest level of efficacy. The study contributes to the expanding evidence supporting the use of traditional medicinal plants in modern healthcare, emphasizing their importance in combating bacterial infections and enhancing public health.
Employment is one of the key features of population which energies great scope for research in the field of human geography. It is an important indicator of economic composition of a region. The grade of employment and unemployment displays the advancements or backwardness of any region. Sectoral alteration and employment status are intensively connected with each other. When a region is passing through aalteration of economic transformation the status of employment of the people also change afterward. Employment rate and socio-economic expansion are intensively correlated with each other. With increasing employment opportunities in different sectors of economy level of different parameters of development also definitely influenced the overall development of the region. The present paper aims to find out the actual correlation between employment rate and socio economic development and an effort has been made to thrown some lights on the parameters of socio economic development which have close relation to employment rate. However the paper finds positive correlation between employment rate and socio-economic development in Serampur subdivision of Hugli District, West Bengal.
Social media is an integral part of our daily -life and a main source of information as well as communication. Social media intermediariesmaintain end-to-end encryption tosecure the privacy of users. Our analysis indicates that well-educated users have fear of negative evaluations. Students’ awareness on social media intermediatory, is well focused for their academic development. Unfortunately, poor students are not capable to operate social media. Social media videos on Wi-Fi facilities are helpful for conversions within restricted area for outsiders. There is also need of government attention to overcome the linguistic discrimination in administrative redresssystem.
Proficiency of use of video laryngoscopes in patients with a normal airway can help us put it use in the emergency. We compared one such Macintosh style video laryngoscope (manufactured by Anesthetics India Pvt. Ltd.) with a direct laryngoscope. After obtaining an informed written consent, the subjects were randomly allocated to one of the two groups. Patients in Group L underwent a direct laryngoscopy with Macintosh Laryngoscope whereas patients in Group K underwent video laryngoscopy, followed by stylet - assisted endotracheal intubation in both the groups.The primary outcome measures were assessment of grade of glottic view using modified Cormack Lehane and POGO Scoring and time to intubation. Results: Demographic variables and pre-operative airway assessment parameters were comparable between the two groups. The p- value of modified Cormack Lehane grading comparing the two groups is 0.331. The mean time to intubation was 42.39 seconds in Group L and 39.39 seconds in Group K with a p value of 0.587. There was no significant difference in of number of intubation attempts, stress response to intubation, incidence of optimization maneuvers required to intubate and complications between the two groups. Conclusion: There is no significant difference in time to intubation, glottic view and incidence of complications between the Macintosh type videolaryngoscopy and direct Laryngoscopy in patients with no anticipated difficult airway and when performed by trained anaesthesia personnel.
Background : Airway is the prime priority in basic life support. Tracheostomy is one of the most common procedures done to secure airway, prevent aspiration and provide ventilator support in critically ill patients. The tracheostomised patients suffer from psychosocial problems like fear, anxiety, stress, frustration and communication difficulties. Its impact on patients andtheir care givers is under reported. This study offers insight into these psychosocial issues in an Indian context, which may contribute todevelop strategies to enhance the quality of life in tracheostomised patients. It aims to provide support to alleviate social isolation, reduce stigma, and improve compliance with ongoing treatment. Methodology :This observational study was conducted in all tracheostomised patients and their primary care.All tracheostomised patients and their primary caregivers were recruited in the study were followed up for 3 months. Patients were interviewed thrice during follow-up period- on postoperative day (POD)-30, POD-60 and POD-90. Psychosocial status and Quality Of Life (QOL) in patients was assessed by using Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and World Health organization Quality of life-BREF(WHOQOL-BREF) version Questionnaire. Assessment of stress in caregivers was done by using Kingston Care Giver stress scale (KCGSS). Results: The majority of the patients in our study were males (52) compared to females (34). Whereas most caregivers were females (56). Elective tracheostomy was performed in 68 cases, while 18 required emergency tracheostomy. At 30 days postsurgery,75.59% patients experienced high stress, which decreased to 62.8% at 60 days and further declined to 25.59% at 90 days. This indicates that, as the postoperative period progressed from 30 to 90 days, the proportion of patients with high stress declined. The median scores across all domains-physical, psychological, social, and environmental health-increased over time, with the results being statistically significant (p < 0.001). Tube related issues included LRTI(12.7%), tube blockage(11.6%) excessive secretions (15.2 %)accidental decannulation (11.6 %), bleeding from stomal granulations (23.2%) and dysphagia(5.8%). Anger (33.2%), frustration (12.5%), and sleep deprivation (43.2%) were more commonly observed in the first month post-tracheostomy. 4.6% were not socialising to avoid embarrassment and social stigma. Majority of the caregivers were spouses (86.4%) and most of them were females 65.1%. and non-earning members of the family and 45.3% had financial issues. 28% of the caregivers had additional responsibility of contribution to the economy. Conclusion : Our study shows tracheostomy greatly impacts patients' and caregivers' quality of life, particularly in rural, illiterate populations. Emergency procedures increase stress due to insufficient preoperative counselling. Stress decreases over time with improved coping. Comprehensive support, including preoperative counselling and caregiver training, is essential to mitigate these effects.
This study examined the key factors affecting employee retention and turnover in the textile industry in Karur, Tamil Nadu. It surveyed 250 textile workers and used statistical analysis to identify effective retention strategies. The findings suggest that demographic factors like age, gender, and education can guide employers in developing targeted retention programs. The study also found that certain strategies, such as providing professional development opportunities, offering challenging job roles, and maintaining competitive compensation, were perceived as more effective than strategies focused on aligning management practices and broader organizational policies. These insights can help textile companies in Karur create more impactful employee retention initiatives. Retaining skilled and experienced workers is crucial for the success and growth of textile organizations, as high turnover can significantly impact their performance.
A Case Study on Field Maps and Identification of Best Paths using UAVs in Precision Agriculture
1Ridvan Peter Benjamin Pillay & 2Venkatratnam ChitturiNowadays, fully automated solutions are being considered for precision agriculture. One such solution is the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). UAVs use a combination of multiple technologies and programming such as Smart Sensors, Digital Electronics, Internet of Things, Satellite Technology, etc. which makes them an efficient technique to a fully automated farming solution. Precision agriculture or smart agriculture include field mapping with multiple onboard sensors to map terrain and detect soil health or vegetation. This paper reviews on the UAVs in precision agriculture and their ability to evaluate the best paths for field mapping.