Effectiveness of Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana towards Sustainable Living for Indian Households
1Aruna Kumar Dash, 2Debajani SahooIn this study, we attempted to critically examine the effectiveness of Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana(PMUY) in Indian households. This study is relevant to the contemporary world as it addresses critical issues such as public health, environmental sustainability, and social equity. By encouraging the adoption of LPG instead of traditional biomass fuels, PMUY greatly decreases indoor air pollution, leading to improved health outcomes for women and children. It also supports environmental goals by minimizing deforestation and carbon emissions. Furthermore, the program empowers women by freeing up time previously spent on fuel collection, thus enhancing their economic opportunities. The findings of this paper could provide important guidance for improving policies and institutions that facilitate a socially inclusive shift to cleaner energy in rural communities.
An Operating System for the Rise of AI Technology
Dr. Surekha Lanka1, Latifa Amar Al-Nadhdy2 , Nan Su Yee Htike3This research paper explains the importance of operating systems for Artificial Intelligence based systems and as we are aware that AI technology growing fast and many of them trying to adapt the new technology to make their tasks easier. So, in this paper we will be explaining how operating systems could support and make AI computing better in terms of performance, security, and efficiency. Any system collaborating with AI to enhance users' experience and optimize the performance of system. It specifies the software system pledged for management of software and hardware resources. This paper aims to understand exactly what AIOS is and what are the required features that make AIOS, not only that but also get to know what it means for the future of artificial Intelligence based operating systems in various fields. Eventually more clearly understanding on what the current performance of AIOS and its framework and concentrates deeper into why AI-enhanced operating systems are essential for bringing new ideas and better performance to computer processes.
Factors Contributing to Maternal Health Challenges in Kolkata's Slums
1Ms Emeli Ghosh, 2Mr Sudipta Das, 3Dr Shweta Meshram, 4Mr Prateek SinghThe Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA) is a government initiative in India aimed at improving maternal health by providing free, comprehensive antenatal care, especially in underserved areas. This study examines the program’s implementation and impact in urban slums, where overcrowding, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, and socioeconomic barriers create significant challenges for accessing quality maternal care. By evaluating PMSMA’s reach and effectiveness in these areas, the study seeks to identify ways to enhance maternal health interventions and reduce maternal and infant mortality rates in high-need urban slum populations.
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Reading Memory in the Select Poems of Dylan Thomas
Dr.Chandrima Sen & Prof. Pradip Kumar PatraThe 19th-century Welsh poet, Dylan Thomas is a prolific poet of his time. He is well known for delineating his emotional self.His poems ascertain the trajectory of life and living, hope and aspiration, time and place, nostalgia and memory and death and dying. The most significant aspect of his poetry appears to be the re-association and reorientation of his past. This particular paper concentrates on the select poems namely “A Poem in October” (1944) and “Do not Go Gentle into that Good Night” (1951) where there is a spontaneous growth of time past and time present. His childhood innocence and youthful vigour occupy a special place in his poetry. The element of time sets to unite his thoughts with his actions. His poems represent the correlation between the self and the individual. The paper attempts to reread memory as one of the dominant aspects of his poetry. The poet urges to show the binary between self and individual, society and habitat and family and culture. He associates himself with his regulatory nature in accepting memory as the earmark of his poems. His poetic persona resonates between memory and recollection. This paper sets out to explore the idea of memory as a contemplating agent that strives as the primary advocate of all human perception. The paper also concentrates on locating memory in its corporeal state.
The Gravitational Pull of Leadership: How Leadership Traits Resonate in Organizational Dynamics
Dr. Debdip Khan1, Dr. Sudatta Banerjee1This paper explores leadership traits through the lens of gravitational theory, proposing that effective leadership operates similarly to gravitational forces, creating an attractive force that aligns individual goals with organizational objectives. By drawing an analogy between gravitational attraction among celestial bodies and leadership’s influence on organizational members, this study examines how a leader’s “gravitational pull” encourages cohesion, motivation, and goal alignment within teams. Using theoretical constructs such as mass (individual potential), distance (industrial relations), and gravitational force (leadership influence), this research highlights how leaders play a central role in binding organizational elements, thus maximizing overall performance level.
The abilityof machines to carryout tasks that ordinarilyrequire human intelligence is known as artificial intelligence. AI has been included into all dental specialties like periodontics, prosthodontics, endodontics, oral & maxillofacial surgery, etc. Most AI applications in dentistry are focused on diagnosing problems based on radiographic or optical images; other activities are less suitable than image-based jobs because of limitations in data availability, data consistency, and processing capacity to handle 3D data. In a similar vein, ongoing researchisconductedinthefieldofperiodonticstomeasurevariousaspectssuchasboneloss and the quantity of plaque present. This review aims to help periodontists better comprehend AI as a tool to support their normal job with increased efficiency.
CNN-Based Terrain Mapping for Agriculture: Improving Land Use and Crop Management
1Deborah T. Joy, 2Priyanka Vashisht, 3Anvesha Katti,4Rajesh Kumar SalujaArtificial intelligence has been keeping up with the fast-pacing world of agricultural innovations both conceptually and theoretically.In the more recent developments in AI, it has been noticed that artificial intelligence is presently dealing mostly with the discovery and not the distance mapping process concerning viable resources, and so, with a stronger functional perspective, the authors have made attempts towards AI-based systems that could potentially augment the meticulousness of the AI developmental aspect where fallow land needs dealing.Given a vertical mapping of ground data with the help of satellite images, land use can be identified adding onto this a horizontal mapping using RGB frames stands to improve model performance to determine if a given area of land is feasible for agricultural development. The paper proposes a CNN model that can interpret and categorize agricultural area based on GIS data. The primary application of this research is to facilitate farm land use cases to improve productivity and land viability.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Cyber Security in Digital Environments
Mrs. Pooja P R1, Dr. Shashidhar R2In the face of escalating cyber threats, the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into cybersecurity frameworks has emerged as a crucial strategy for enhancing protection in digital environments. This paper examines the transformative role of AI technologies, including machine learning, natural language processing, and behavioral analytics, in strengthening cybersecurity measures. We identify critical areas where AI may greatly enhance threat detection, incident response, and overall system resilience through a thorough literature study and case studies of businesses that have effectively deployed AI-driven solutions. Our findings indicate that AI enhances the ability to predict and mitigate threats in real time, reducing response times and minimizing human error. Furthermore, the paper discusses the implications of AI adoption for organizational policies, workforce training, and ethical considerations in cybersecurity practices. By highlighting both the opportunities and challenges related with AI in cybersecurity, this research contributes to the ongoing discourse on securing digital infrastructures against increasingly sophisticated cyber threats.
Free Speech vis-a-vis Freedom of Religion in India: A Conundrum
Ms. Srutakirti Panda & Dr. Madhubrata MohantyWith the motto of ‘Unity in Diversity’ within religious multiplicity, India recognises an inclusive list of religions including Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, Jainism, Judaism, and Bahaism. In order to maintain ‘secularism’, the Indian Constitution ensures its citizens freedom to practice, profess and believe in any religion. But the disharmony triggers when religious freedom of certain individuals gets affected by ‘hate speech’ made by some others under the cover of free speech. Though ‘hate speech’ is never a part of free speech, still in the absence of any clear description of the same in any statute, the miscreants often try to misuse it in disturbing the peaceful social fabric. The purpose: This paper has tried to explore the factors responsible for inciting such disturbances. This paper further analysed the legal provisions and judicial decisions on free speech and freedom of religion, the poor enforcement of existing laws and loopholes in the socio-legal system those need reformation. Methodology: Both doctrinal and non-doctrinal method of study has been adopted here. The primary data gathered through collection of responses from different groups by circulation of questionnaire. The secondary data collected through journal articles, books, judicial decisions and online sources. The results: The researcher has provided the entire findings of the survey as well as suggested for certain timely modifications to overcome the situation after analysing the collected data. Conclusion: In conclusion, the researcher suggested for amendments in the existing statutes with stringent penalties for ‘hate speech’ to maintain harmony in the society.
Gelatine, a widely used product in food, pharmaceuticals, paper production, and photography, has safe applications but poses environmental risks due to its intermediate by-products, ossein and dicalcium phosphate. Improper disposal practices by some gelatine production facilities release these pollutants into aquatic environments, creating serious ecological concerns. This study investigates the histopathological and biochemical effects of ossein and dicalcium phosphate on the liver and muscle tissues of the freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus. Ossein and dicalcium phosphate, prepared from bone powder, were introduced to the water of the experimental tanks for nine consecutive days. Key water quality parameters (salinity, dissolved oxygen, dissolved CO?, and pH) were monitored in both groups. After exposure, liver and muscle tissues were analyzed for histopathological and biochemical changes. Histological examinations using hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed significant necrosis and disorganization of hepatocytes, while histochemical analyses indicated protein degradation. Biochemical assessments demonstrated increased glucose levels in muscle tissues, suggesting a compromised glycolytic process. Collectively, these changes resulted in abnormal behavior, homeostatic imbalances, reduced mobility, and eventual mortality in both ossein and dicalcium phosphate exposure groups. Bioaccumulation adds another layer of concern, amplifying the ecological threat. Addressing this issue requires enforceable regulations and sustainable waste treatment methods to safeguard aquatic ecosystems.
Synthesis of 2-Nitroimidazole Derivatives with Oxazinone Moieties
Dr.Sarita Bansal1 , Dr.Purnima Verma2An efficient methodology employing for the preparation of 2-nitro -imidazole derivatives containing 1,3 -oxazinone as a functional moiety by a one pot three component reaction of substituted phenol, substituted aromatic aldehydes and urea / thiourea under microwave conditions has been presented.All the synthesized products were characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopy.Various imidazole-containing compounds have been tested for their medical usefulness in clinical trials for several disease conditions. The rapid expansion of imidazole-based medicinal chemistry suggests the promising and potential therapeutic values of imidazole-derived compounds for treating incurable diseases. Oxazinones are highly significant pharmacophoric scaffolds with a broad spectrum of biological activities, making them a vital class of compounds in medicinal chemistry. Various synthetic routes have been explored in the literature for producing aromatic oxazinones, showcasing the versatility of these compounds. Aromatic oxazinones were first synthesized in 1944 by Holly and Cope through Mannich reactions, utilizing phenols, formaldehyde, and amines. This pioneering work laid the foundation for further exploration of oxazinone derivatives in pharmaceutical applications. Over time, these heterocyclic compounds have garnered attention for their role as precursors in the synthesis of phosphinic ligands, which are widely employed in asymmetric catalysis. Given their diverse biological activities and utility in drug design, aromatic condensed oxazinone derivatives are regarded as ‘Privileged structures’ within the realm of pharmaceutical compounds. Their significance continues to grow, cementing their place in the development of novel therapeutic agents and catalytic processes.
Revisiting the Bhopal Gas Tragedy: A Digital and Cinematic Reflection on Disability
MadhwiThe Bhopal gas tragedy of 1984, one of the world’s worst industrial disasters, continues to resonate in public memory through digital media and cinema. This paper explores how modern visual storytelling in web series like Human, depict the disaster, shedding light on the long-term effects on survivors. These depictions raise critical issues related to disability, corporate negligence, social injustice, and exploitation. By examining the transformation of tragedy into digital narratives, this study aims to understand how such portrayals help broaden societal awareness of the event's impact, both on the affected communities and wider global audiences. Moreover, this paper discusses how digital platforms have reshaped the conversation around historical tragedies, emphasizing the intersection of disability, mental health, and class struggles in the context of Bhopal.
Justice-involved youth and adolescents are more vulnerable to mental health issues. The ability to use different coping strategies decides whether any life situation will lead to excessive stress or not, and the probability of crime. Therefore, the present study aims to compare the experiences of childhood trauma, coping strategies and perceived stress among juvenile delinquents with the severity of crimes committed. After taking ethical clearance, standardized questionnaires (Perceived Stress Scale, COPE inventory and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) were conducted at Juvenile Observation Home at Siroli, Agra, India. These participants were divided into two groups based on the severity of the crime committed i.e. non-heinous crimes (punishment <7 years) and heinous crimes (punishment >7 years). Results revealed a significant positive correlation between childhood trauma and perceived stress among the non-heinous crime group (r=.253, p<0.05). Further, there were no differences concerning perceived stress, coping strategies and childhood trauma among the two groups. The psychology as well as the rationale behind any crime is not decided by the perceived stress or the coping strategy used. Temperament may play an important role in deciding the severity of crime committed by juveniles.
The investigation into black turmeric (Curcuma caesia) has yielded promising results across several analytical dimensions, highlighting its potential as a valuable natural resource. Phytochemical analysis revealed that black turmeric is rich in a diverse array of bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoids. These compounds are known for their therapeutic properties, suggesting that black turmeric could be a significant source of natural bioactive with potential health benefits. In antimicrobial testing, black turmeric extract demonstrated considerable activity against a range of pathogenic microorganisms, indicating its potential as a natural antimicrobial agent. This efficacy supports its application in developing new treatments or preventive measures for infections. Additionally, the antioxidant activity assays confirmed black turmeric’s strong ability to neutralize free radicals which is crucial in combating oxidative stress and related diseases. The observed high radical scavenging activity and favourable lethal values underscore its potential as a potent antioxidant. Collectively, these results underscore black turmeric's significant potential in various applications including pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and functional foods. The comprehensive data supports further research and development to fully explore and harness the therapeutic and preventive capabilities of black turmeric which could lead to valuable contributions to health and wellness
Mall Consumerism: Analysing Consumer Engagement
Vijayudu GnanamkondaThis study aims to comprehensively explore mall consumerism by investigating consumer attitudes and spending behaviours associated with shopping malls. It categorizes these attitudes into positive, negative, and neutral perspectives and employs qualitative methodologies to capture the real-life experiences of customers. The study primarily investigates the phenomenon of mall consumerism by examining consumers’ attitudes and spending behaviours concerning shopping malls. Focusing on this aspect, the research aims to uncover the underlying motivations and sentiments guiding consumer interactions within these retail environments. The main objective is to analyse the overarching landscape of mall consumerism. This analysis will involve categorizing consumer attitudes into three distinct categories. To achieve a comprehensive understanding of consumer behaviour in shopping malls, the study utilizes qualitative research methods. These methods include qualitative interviews and observational techniques, allowing the researcher to delve into the actual behaviours of various types of customers.
Due to Plumbago zeylanica own ecological features and environmental management applications, biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has become increasingly intriguing. Moreover, the green synthesis of AgNPs using Plumbago zeylanica aqueous extract—being a medicinal plant rich with bioactive compound—has been the main focused in this study The reduction of silver ion into nanoparticle was carried out with the aid of plant extract as Stabilizing and reducing agent., there are produced AgNPs without the involvement of any toxic chemical agent Build. The morphology, size, and crystal structure detection for synthesized AgNPs were characterized using fully automated X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The use of said AgNPs in environmental remediation, especially water treatment, is investigated. The bactericidal properties of AgNPs were tested against waterborne pathogens indicating that the formation of microbial biofilms can be prevented effectively since the number of viable microorganisms was significantly reduced. In addition, the similarity between the enzymes in various living systems resulted in high biological activity and function through a catalytic process as an aid to degrade organic pollutants which are inclusive of dyes and heavy metals. Furthermore, this green methodology for synthesizing AgNPs presents an economically and ecologically facile route for their large-scale production. Thus, Plumbago zeylanica-fabricated AgNPs can potentially help in mitigating environmental pollution; thus providing new strategies for pollution control measures and water treatment.
Background: Ketoconazole is an imidazole derivative employed for topical delivery and treating fungal infections and acne. Ketoconazole (KET) prevents ergosterol synthesis, increases membrane fluidity, and prevents fungal growth. Conventional antifungal medication has side effects for topical delivery, including itching, burning, reduced permeation, stinging, and poor bioavailability. The drawbacks and side effects of conventional topical formulations shifted the focus to formulating a nanosponges-based gel of Ketoconazole. The present research aimed to develop a Ketoconazole nanosponges-based gel for topical delivery. The formulated preparation will help improve side effects, retention time, solubility, bioavailability, and permeability. Methodology: KET nanosponges were fabricated using the emulsion solvent evaporation method. The prepared formulations were characterized for particle size, zeta potential, PDI, % DEE (drug entrapment efficiency), viscosity, and in vitro drug diffusion studies. Optimized formulation F6 containing Ketoconazole (100mg): E.C. (300mg), having stirring speed 1000rpm, internal phase volume 10ml (D.C.M.) showed promising results. Further optimized formulation F6 was incorporated into the gel base matrix of Carbopol 934 with different excipients. Fungal strains of Candida albicans were selected for the study using the agar plate method. In vivo studies of optimized formulation (F6) showed better results compared to the marketed formulation against C. albicans, and toxicity was reduced.Results: The prepared gel of Carbopol containing KET nanosponges met all physical characteristics and showed promising antifungal effects by inhibiting fungal growth. The zone of inhibition was measured and showed promising effects against C. albicans compared to the marketed formulation. Conclusion: The gel was highly effective against fungal strains and showed promising in vivo antifungal activity against C. albicans (ZOI: 11±0.89mm) in a dose-dependent manner compared to the marketed formulation (ZOI: 9±1.41mm). It further requires more research for topical delivery and to be involved in clinical trials.
This study presents a new, innovative exponential equation of state (EOS) that can be applied in different orders, from first through fourth, aiming to improve prediction accuracy across various levels of material compression. The significance of this new exponential EOS lies in its ability to accurately predict material behaviour under high compression, a crucial aspect in high-pressure physics. A thorough and detailed analysis compares this new exponential EOS to the well-known fourth-order Birch-Murnaghan EOS. The comparison shows that the exponential EOS matches and often outperforms the Birch-Murnaghan EOS, especially at higher compression levels. This is particularly important because the fourth-order exponential EOS proves highly accurate for materials like hexagonal close-packed (HCP) iron and sodium halides under high compression. In contrast, while the Birch-Murnaghan EOS performs adequately at lower compressions, it tends to deviate from experimental data as compression increases.Additionally, the study reviews the Shanker EOS. It acknowledges the work of M. Kumar and colleagues, who noted its limitations at high compression levels and proposed necessary parameter adjustments for different materials. These issues have been addressed by the new fourth-order exponential EOS, which is more adaptable and provides consistent and reliable results across both low and high-compression ranges, making it a valuable tool in high-pressure physics.
Practical Anesthesia Guidelines for Pediatric Daycare Surgery: An Update
Mahesh Nayak1; Sushma Thimmaiah Kanakalakshmi2Daycare surgery for children is frequent, and recently even children with multiple comorbidities are undergoing increasingly difficult surgeries on a daycare basis. Compared to an overnight stay, in daycare surgery, the advantages for the child and their parents/caregivers are less interference with their regular routine, minimal emotional and psychological impacts. Daycare services are more economical for organizations and increase efficiency, however various crucial elements must be considered to provide top-notch pediatric daycare surgery services. This article addresses the key to a successful daycare surgery which includes a proper infrastructure, acceptable inclusion/exclusion standards, the need for a preoperative evaluation, optimum anesthetic management (induction, airway management, intraoperative monitoring, intravenous hydration, maintenance) and appropriate management of speculated postoperative complications. Even though there are stringent requirements for daycare procedures, the anesthetist must be mindful of handling each case independently.
Fibrotic lesions play a key role in conditions involving connective tissue such as Scleroderma and Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSF), leading to the development of tissue similar to scars that limit function and raise the risk of complications. This review contrasts Scleroderma, an autoimmune disorder resulting in systemic fibrosis in various organs, with OSF, a condition mainly triggered by prolonged irritation and inflammation of the oral mucosa, commonly related to areca nut consumption. Both conditions are defined by gradual fibrosis, resulting in notable limitations in functionality and a substantial decline in quality of life for patients. Scleroderma's development includes a complicated combination of autoimmunity, genetic elements, and environmental factors, resulting in broad systemic impacts. On the other hand, the development of OSF is primarily centered around the oral cavity due to environmental factors, genetic susceptibility, and nutritional deficiencies. In terms of epidemiology, Scleroderma is more prevalent among women in their middle age around the world, whereas OSF mainly impacts younger men in South Asia. In clinical terms, Scleroderma is characterized by thickened skin and fibrosis of organs, while OSF is identified by trismus, mucosal blanching, and a risk of turning malignant. The review emphasizes the significance of recognizing the unique and common features of these conditions to enhance diagnostic precision and direct individualized treatment plans. The aim of this analysis is to improve treatment results and patient care for individuals with Scleroderma and OSF.
Introduction: Preterm infants face significant health challenges, particularly in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) environment, where sensory overload can stress their fragile physiological systems. Auditory interventions, such as maternal lullabies, have shown potential in improving physiological stability by mimicking in-utero sensory stimulation. Objective: This pilot study assessed the effects of maternal lullabies on respiratory rate, heart rate, and oxygen saturation in hemodynamically stable preterm, low birth weight neonates. Methods: Twenty neonates, born at 28-34 weeks' gestation and weighing 0.8-2.0 kg, were randomly assigned to an experimental group (maternal lullaby) or control group (routine care). Over three days, neonates were exposed to the maternal lullaby “Chanda Mama Dur Ke” for 20 minutes, and their physiological parameters were measured before, during, and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and statistical tests, including t-tests and ANOVA. Results: In the experimental group, the respiratory rate significantly decreased (p = 0.000) from 53.00 to 44.20 breaths per minute, heart rate reduced from 165.60 to 143.20 bpm (p = 0.000), and oxygen saturation increased from 90.00% to 95.40% (p = 0.000). The control group showed modest improvements, with less pronounced physiological changes. Conclusion: Maternal lullabies significantly improved respiratory rate, heart rate, and oxygen saturation in preterm neonates, suggesting that maternal auditory interventions could enhance neonatal care. Further research is recommended to explore the long-term benefits and broader applicability of this intervention in diverse neonatal populations.
Empowerment of Rural Women: Navigating Socio-Economic and Political Landscape
1Niranjna Bhandari; 2Dr.G.V.Snigdha Raj; 3Kumari Monika; 4Dr. Arvind RiturajEmpowering rural women is a critical issue, particularly in India, where two-thirds of the population lives in rural areas. Of India's 65.13 percent rural population, women make up 48.04 percent while men account for 51.96 percent. Given their significant percentage, the empowerment of women in rural regions is vital for the holistic development of families, communities, and the nation as a whole. There are three key dimensions of empowerment, namely social, economic, and political. The social pertains to women's participation in community and social decision making processes that facilitate their pro-active interaction within society. The economic encompasses women’s equal participation in the marketplace, their access to and control over productive resources and say in the economic decision making. The political dimension refers to women’s awareness and knowledge of political processes, political activism, and participation in decision making at the PRI levels. The study assumes that socioeconomic and political participation are crucial in the empowerment of rural women and in the reduction of gender inequality. The overwhelming majority of respondents supported the importance of these aspects in their overall life. They feel that with increasing pro-active participation, they anticipate that the process of empowerment of rural women will continue and they will advance further significantly.
Hit FM Radio Jingles on Corona-Virus and its Edutainment Values to Listeners in Calabar Municipality
1Dr. Anthony Nku Obi; 2Dr. Ekwok, Lawrence Nkpang; 3Dr. Nwanchor, Uchenna Alefia; 4Dr. Preslyobukoadata; 5Dr. Jude, Omaka Okoro; 6Dr. Joseph IkangkangThe research examined the educational and entertainment values of HitFm's radio jingles on Corona virus to listeners in Calabar Municipality. The result revealed that there is a significant influence of Hit Fm's radio jingles on Corona virus as edutainment to listeners in Calabar municipality. The findings of the study also revealed that jingles help in promoting people’s knowledge towards Corona virus in Calabar municipality. The findings equally revealed that there is a significant relationship between Hit Fm's radio jingles and Corona virus as edutainment to listeners in Calabar municipality. Under the theoretical framework, Cultivational Theory was adopted and was suitable for the study. The method used was the survey method and the instrument used was questionnaires. The study also proved that radio jingles help people to have a positive attitude towards Corona virus in Calabar municipality. It was therefore concluded that Hit Fm's radio jingles significantly have effect on Corona virus as edutainment to listeners in Calabar municipality of Cross River State. It was recommended that those responsible for handling health issues in other states of the federation should adequately embrace radio jingles to disseminate messages in view of its advantages over other media of communication.
Endemic Avian Species in the Riverine Region of Rohilkhand, Uttar Pradesh
Chanchal Shrivastav1, Manoj Joshi2, Shweta Gupta3, Priyanka Gangwar4, Shubhra Shukla5, and Rajesh kumar6Bareilly, situated in the Rohilkhand region of Uttar Pradesh, India, boasts a rich avian population that includes several endemic species. This project aims to comprehensively review the endemic species found in Bareilly, shedding light on their ecological significance, distribution patterns, and conservation status.Using a combination of field surveys of rivers, crops, populations, historical literature data, and expert consultation, this study identifies key endemic species such as the Rock pigeon (Columba livia), Common crow (Corvus splendens), Black kite (Milvus migrans), Indian Myna (Acridotherens tristis), Indian House sparrow (Passer domestics), River lapwing (Vanellusduvaucelii), Red-rumped swallow (Cerropisdaurica), Purple sunbird (Cinnyris asiaticus), Asian koel (Eudynamysscolopaceus), Asian green eater (Meropusorientalis), Jungle Babbler (Argya striata), Red-vented Asia bulbul (Pycnonotuscafer), and Common Indian hawk Cuckoo (Hierococcyxvarius), among others. These birds inhabit diverse habitats, including moist areas, aquatic habitats, grasslands, forests, and agricultural farms. It has been contemplated that these IndianAves define varieties are more abundant in natural habitats compared to urbanized areas.The findings of this project contribute to our understanding of the avian biodiversity in Bareilly and underscore the importance of conserving natural habitats to support endemic bird populations. Efforts to preserve these habitats are crucial for ensuring the continued survival of these species and maintaining the ecological balance of the region.
Background: Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is a severe autoimmune condition in which the body's immune system targets healthy nerve cells in the peripheral nervous system. This results in polyradiculoneuropathy, causing symptoms such as weakness, numbness, and tingling sensations, which may progress to paralysis. Inflammatory responses triggered by GBS can lead to elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in the body. Objective: The objective of this research was to examine the correlation between inflammatory markers, including CRP, Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and Platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and the clinical severity and electrophysiological results from nerve conduction studies in individuals diagnosed with GBS. Methodology: This study included 50 patients (33 male,17 female) who met the clinical criteria for GBS and were between10 to 70 years of age with a mean of 33.46 ± 12.25 years within the first 2 weeks of onset of illness were enrolled. Apart from the routine examination all the subjects underwent evaluation for the inflammatory markers enumerated, nerve conduction studies and assessment of their clinical severity. Results: The study group comprised 50 individuals with a mean age 36.28 ± 23.75 years (n = 33 males, 66%), with a male-to-female ratio of 1.9.The most prevalent form of nerve conduction abnormality was sensorimotor axonopathy, which affected 34% (17) of the patients. The severity of the disease was reflected in the elevated levels of serum CRP, NLR, and PLR. In addition to inflammatory markers, significant involvement of cranial nerves was strongly linked to severe disability in GBS patients. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that higher levels of serum CRP, NLR, and PLR are linked with several factors in GBS patients, including gastroenteritis, craniobulbar involvement, disability score, and the absence of motor and sensory nerve responses. These in turn have a negative impact on the clinical severity in GBS patients. Therefore, these surrogate inflammation markers can be used to prognosticate in subjects suffering from GBS.
Earth Science Education: Pedagogy, Practice, and Policy
1Ashutosh Rajpoot; 2Pawan Kumar SinghEarth Science Education (ESE) plays a crucial role in fostering scientific literacy within an informed community, particularly amidst today's pressing environmental challenges. The evolution of ESE has seen a shift from traditional descriptive sciences to a multidimensional, field-based approach that integrates climate dynamics, Earth-Sun relationships, environmental studies, and physical oceanography. This document explores the definition and relevance of ESE, highlighting pedagogical strategies such as constructivism, experiential learning, and hands-on activities, which enhance student engagement and understanding of complex earth systems. Additionally, it addresses the practical applications of ESE in real-world contexts, emphasizing the need for strong policy frameworks to support teaching standards and curriculum development. The document also underscores the importance of national and international initiatives to boost ESE. Ultimately, addressing systemic challenges in ESE is paramount for equipping future generations with essential knowledge and skills to navigate and solve Earth-related issues.
This paper mainly deals with finding an optimal solution for the transportation problem which is an important task in operation research. The Transportation Problem is concerned to minimize the transportation cost of the product from several sources to different destinations. In this paper a comparative analysis is carried out with different optimization methods to obtain a good optimal solution of transportation problem.
Diet, Disease and Death: A Statistical Analysis of the Condition of Prison in Colonial Bengal
Nivedita ChakrabortyCriminal activities increased during the late 18th and 19th centuries Bengal due to the changing political and socio-economic pattern. In Bengal, the ‘British Bridgehead’, colonial government facing the challenge of maintaining law and order and thus the smooth functioning of the government was disrupted badly. To curb it and enforced discipline, Prison was established by the British East India Company. While in England the new penal system was based on Bentham’s line, transformed prison into a ‘Reformative’ Character, in India the situation was different. ‘Panopticon’ was the guiding principle in England as well as in Europe. But in India the prisons were operated completely in a different way. The early prisons of Bengal had no basic infrastructure and amenities for the inmates. Lack of food, drinking water, medicine, proper ventilation caused high mortality within prison. Cholera, Malaria, Dysentery caused havoc behind the bar which finally forced the colonial government to initiate some reforms. But unfortunately those were bits and pieces and insufficient to handle the situation. From 1838 to 1919 various Prison Reforms Committees were formed. They recommended to start various reforms, specifically regarding the food quality and quantity for the inmates to cut down the death ratio caused by malnutrition. But little improvement achieved. Here Prison was ran by the Colonial Politico-economic imperatives. Power politics played an important role in India to reshape the existing penal system. Thus Prison became a perfect stage for the colonial masters to display their racial superiority by tormenting severe physical and mental pain over the convicts.
Background: Warfarin is a crucial anticoagulant for CVDs (mechanical valve replacement, atrial fibrillation, pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis). The complicated dosing schedules and frequent side effects of warfarin can negatively impact the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients. Objectives: To assess the overall health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among patients on warfarin therapy and to identify the predictors associated with variations in HRQoL, using the WHOQOL-BREF and EQ-5D-5L instruments. Methods: A one year prospective observational study was conducted at KIMS Al Shifa Super Speciality Hospital .The study evaluated the quality of life of 93 patients taking warfarin using WHO-BREF and EQ-5D-5L scales. Patients received counselling and informational leaflets, with their knowledge evaluated before and after counseling. The study analyzed HRQoL ratings using descriptive statistics, such as mean and standard deviation. SPSS software version 25 was utilized to identify predictors of these scores. Result: The average EQ-VAS score was 75.69 ± 9.57, and the average EQ-5D index was 0.87 ± 0.12. The physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains had mean WHOQOL-BREF domain ratings of 20.36 ± 2.89, 18.52 ± 2.41, 10.92 ± 19.64, and 29.40 ± 3.17, respectively. Age, comorbidities, work status, and patient knowledge all showed significant disparities in HRQoL scores. Conclusion: Scores from the WHOQOL-BREF and EQ-5D-5L indicate that age, comorbidities, employment status, and patient knowledge significantly impact HRQoL, highlighting the need for personalized management and education for long-term warfarin users.
Biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) has gained great interest as a simple and eco-friendly alternative to conventional chemical methods. In this study, SeNPs were synthesized by using aqueous extract of marine Algae Turbinaria conoides. The formation of SeNPs using aqueous extract of Turbinaria conoides was confirmed visually by color change and their surface plasmon resonance peak at 270 nm, measured by UV-visible spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy was used to determine the size and form of the synthesised SeNPs. The synthesised SeNPs had an average size of about 76 nm and were almost spherical in form. The functional groups present in SeNPs was analysed by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Antibacterial activity of SeNPs determined by an agar well diffusion assay demonstrated a significant activity against Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and BTurbinaria conoides. acillus subtilus.Antioxidant activity of synthesized SeNPs determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay and 2,20-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sufonic acid scavenging assayrevealed efficient results. Our findings demonstrate that aqueous extract of Turbinaria conoides is an effective reducing agent for synthesis of SeNPs with efficient antibacterial and antioxidant activities.
Isolation and Diversity of Endophytic Fungus Associated with Costus Speciosus
Wasim Akram* & Shriram Kunjam**Endophytic fungi, which reside asymptomatically within plant tissues, play a crucial role in the ecological fitness and medicinal properties of their host plants. This study investigates the isolation and diversity of endophytic fungi associated with Costusspeciosus, a medicinal plant known for its wide range of pharmacological uses. Plant samples, including leaves and stems, were collected and subjected to surface sterilization, followed by fungal isolation on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Morphological characterization was employed for fungal identification. A total of 09 fungal species were isolated, representing diverse genera such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium, among others. Diversity indices, including Shannon-Wiener and Simpson's indices, revealed a high fungal diversity within the host tissues, with a dominance of (specific endophytic taxa) in different plant parts. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the distinct clustering of isolates, suggesting varying ecological roles. The results indicate that these endophytic fungi may contribute to the bioactive properties of Costus speciosus, potentially enhancing its medicinal value. Further research is needed to explore the bioactive compounds produced by these fungi and their potential applications in pharmaceuticals.
A Geographical Analysis of Housing Conditions in NCT of Delhi
Monika and Parmod KumarHousing is one of the three basic needs of human life and an important indicator of social well-being. The simplest and the most traditional definition of housing is 'shelter'. For most of the individuals, it means a home, a permanent 'base' where a greater part of one's life is spent. According to Census, 2011 indicators of housing condition in NCT of Delhi are Number of Households with condition of census house as good (65.8%), Material of roof (Concrete 63.7%), Material of wall (brunt brick 86%), Material of floor (cement (64.7%), Number of dwelling rooms, Household size and Ownership Status (68.2%). This paper makes an attempt to analysis an intra city comparison of housing conditions of NCT of Delhi. For this purpose, the census data at ward level has been collected from the Table HH-14: House listing & housing census, 2011. Statistical techniques such as Composite index, Z score and Standard Deviation have been used for analysis of this data. The results show a lot of differences in the levels of housing conditions. Municipal wards exist in middle north and middle south of the NCT of Delhi i.e. 260,105, Cantt.0003, 51, 61, Cantt.0004, 73, 63, 237, 137, 225, 127, 256, 246, 252, 146, 258, 182, 21 and 7 have better housing conditions. The middle and south eastern wards of the NCT of Delhi i.e. 80, Cantt.0008, 224, Cantt.0002 have lack of housing conditions.
Oral Alterations in Woman's Reproductive Life Cycle: A Bibliometric Analysis and Systematic Review
Dr. Navaneetha Cugati & Dr. Preetha AnandThe oral tissues exhibit various alterations during every stage of women’s reproductive life cycle due to the influence of fluctuating levels of sex hormones. Several confounding factors enhances these hormonal effects.This paper aims to systematically review the scientific literature retrospectively from three different databases namely PubMed, Ebscohost and Google Scholar between Jan 2013 to June 2024 and collect relevant evidence on the oral mainfestations during womens reproductive life. We performed PRISMA 2020 protocol and all the 41 included articles were subjected for Bibliometric and scientometric analyses to gather the evidence of oral changes, their etiopathogenesis and there managerial care to sustain the oral health during women’s reproductive life cycle.
Background: The sciatic nerve, a critical component of the human nervous system, plays a pivotal role in the motor and sensory functions of the lower limb. Its anatomical relationship with the piriformis muscle is of particular interest due to its implications for both clinical practice and surgical interventions.[5] Variations in the emergence of the sciatic nerve in relation to the piriformis muscle can influence the presentation of sciatica, a common condition characterized by pain radiating along the nerve's distribution, and can complicate surgical procedures in the pelvic region[3]. Materials & Methods: In this study total number of 64 cadavers have been examined for different types of variations a total of three types of variations are found in this populationformalin-fixed cadavers, provided by the Department of Anatomy at our institution. Results: Out of 64 cadavers male cadavers are 32 and female cadavers 32. The total number of variations recorded are 15(23%) remaining 49 (77%) shows normal, where variations in males are 5(8%) and females are 10(16%) were recorded and the different types of variations and their prevalence in central India population were recorded and tabulated. Conclusion: This study underscores the significant anatomical variations in the emergence of the sciatic nerve in relation to the piriformis muscle in a Central Indian population, with notable differences between males and females. These findings highlight the importance of considering such variations in clinical practice
HERP-Next: Hybrid Energy Routing Protocol for Next-Gen Heterogenous Networks
Shifana Begum ,A M SudhakaraThe energy efficiency of the network, as well as its strength and durability, are two of the most significant factors to take into consideration when it comes to the design and operation of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). These are the two most crucial items to take into consideration. In particular, this is the case in ecosystems that are diverse, which are habitats in which nodes have varied quantities of energy and capacity depending on the environment in which they are located. In order to effectively deal with these problems, hierarchical protocols that are based on clustering have emerged as potential solutions that can be of assistance. These protocols make use of better techniques in order to construct routing systems that are more efficient in terms of the amount of energy that they consume. In the course of this investigation, one of the cutting-edge protocols that is discussed is referred to as HERP-Next. This is an abbreviation that stands for Hybrid Energy Routing Protocol for Next-Generation Networks. Another one of the unique protocols that is being investigated is this particular protocol. In order to achieve the goal of maximizing the consumption of energy while simultaneously improving the stability and longevity of heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (WSNs), this initiative is being undertaken. The network is divided into a number of distinct zones for the purpose of the suggested protocol, which takes into consideration the various kinds of nodes and the patterns in which they are dispersed spatially. Following that, these zones are utilized in order to interact with two more zones during the subsequent phase. Due to the fact that this is the case, it is assured that the amount of energy that is utilized by both advanced and normal nodes is the same across the board. Both the amount of residual energy and the density of the nodes that are positioned in close vicinity to the Cluster Heads (CHs) are taken into consideration during the selection process, which is carried out in a dynamic way. The utilization of energy-aware routing and clustering is something that HERP-Next does in order to ensure that data aggregation and communication with the Base Station (BS) happen in an efficient manner. The accomplishment of this work is made possible through the utilization of these two distinct technologies in conjunction with one another. When compared to older protocols such as LEACH and SEP, HERP-Next is undeniably superior in terms of the network lifetime, stability period, and data throughput. This is made abundantly clear by the fact that HERP-Next performs significantly better than various protocols currently in use. The findings of the simulation that was carried out led to the formation of this conclusion. Therefore, it is clear that HERP-future offers a solution that is not only dependable but also scalable for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks of the next generation. This conclusion is based on the findings of the study. Consequently, it is a good choice for applications that demand steady data transfer applications as well as applications that require energy economy. This is because of the fact that it is a combination of the two.
Impact of Cu-based Hole Transport Layer in CIGS Solar Cells using SCAPS-1D Simulation Program
Mimi Mondal1, Md Rakib Hasan1, Md Salahuddin MinaIn this work, we applied the SCAPS-1D simulation tool to optimize and explore the potential of Cu-based materialsas hole transport layer (HTL) including copper sulfide (CuS), copper oxide (Cu2O), and copper thiocyanate (CuSCN)in CIGS solar cell. The effects of changing the bandgap, thickness, acceptor density, and operating temperatureon the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of CIGS solar cells with these HTLswere examined. Our results showed that the solar cell's efficiency is significantly impacted by the bandgap of the HTL, with Cu2O achieving the highest PCE of 39.83% at an optimal bandgap of 2.2 eV. Moreover, the study also demonstrated that variations in thickness had minimal impact on efficiency, highlighting the effective charge transport capabilities of these materials. The acceptor density variation showed that efficiency remains constant at lower densities but increases significantly beyond a certain threshold due to enhanced charge carrier collection. On the other hand, the PCE was decreased with temperature incrementas a result of decreasing open-circuit voltage and increasing recombination. Among the studied Cu-based HTLs, Cu2O emerged as the most promising candidate, offering superior performance and stability. This study suggests that these materials, which are readily available, inexpensive, and non-toxic, hold great potential as HTLs and can be integrated into advanced solar cell fabrication to achieve further efficiency improvements.
Emerging Financial Policies in the European Union: Navigating Economic Resilience and Sustainability
Dr. Sevinc NovrzovaAccording to the European Union (EU), the EU has proved to be a global leader in adopting financial policies that promote not only economic resiliency but also sustainability. In this paper, we present a comprehensive exploration of the financial policies of the emerging EU, putting them in perspective of environmental transitional issues that go hand in hand with digital utopia and geopolitical ambivalence. It examines how these policies are theorized as having both immediate economic concerns and the potential to establish the basis for an inclusive and sustainable future. The European Green Deal is at the centre of the EU's transformation of its financial policy, by linking economic growth with environmental sustainability. In directing significant capital flows towards green and sustainable projects, the EU is integrating Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) criteria into financial and investment frameworks. The EU Sustainable Finance Strategy also completes these initiatives with a roadmap on how to embed sustainability into the financial decision-making process across the region. Another cornerstone of the EU approach is the Recovery and Resilience Facility, which, with its unprecedented €724 billion allocation, is not only the world's largest source of finance for its member states and societies but for the whole global continent. The RRF focuses on investments in green energy, digital infrastructure and job creation to mitigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and other recent crises by reducing the balance sheet impact while creating long-term resilience. This facility also facilitates the structural reforms within member states, convergence and reduction of EU's diverse economies differences. The Capital Markets Union (CMU) initiative envisioned within the financial sector aims to integrate further financial markets and a more developed financial market of a unified market for cross-border investment, enabling an efficient allocation of capital. At the same time, the EU's Digital Finance Strategy is responding to the rapid growth of digital assets, cryptocurrencies and fintech innovations. This strategy strives for regulatory clarity, cybersecurity and interoperability that boosts the resilience of financial markets and protects its mushrooming risks. The European Central Bank (ECB) has also created a monetary policy framework that includes sustainability. By incorporating climate-based risks into stress testing and monetary operations, the ECB shows a proactive approach to combating the impact of climate change on financial stability. Green bond purchases are an example of the EU’s onward march in aligning monetary policies with sustainability goals. Despite that, the road towards resilience and sustainability is still rocky. Policy implementation encounters many challenges, including divergent priorities among member states, regulatory fragmentation, and socioeconomic inequalities. Secondly, both resilience and sustainability are realized by achieving short-term economic pressure while seeking long-term environmental and social objectives. This paper uses detailed case studies and policy analysis to show how the EU is processing these complexities. It illustrates the fundamental importance of multi stakeholder collaboration, innovative financing mechanisms, and adaptive policymaking in responding to these challenges. Further, it places the EU’s financial policies in a wider global context to inquire about the EU’s preparedness to galvanize these policies as mirroring solutions for other areas of the world with similar problems. Finally, this paper contributes to the discourse on sustainable finance by providing concrete insights into how the EU is employing financial policy as an instrument for building resilience and sustainability. The lesson is how important international cooperation and forward thinking are when moving in a quickly changing global economic landscape.
This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into soil characterization using active, passive, and combined Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) techniques across multiple locations. The study acknowledges the inherent limitations of using active and passive MASW methods independently, particularly their restricted depth of investigation when used alone. The research introduces a combined MASW approach to overcome these limitations, enabling a more extensive subsurface profiling by leveraging a broader range of analyzable frequencies. The methodologyinvolved conducting both active and passive MASW surveys at five critical sites in Itanagar, India. The active MASW survey utilized a controlled source to generate high-frequency waves, providing detailed information for shallow depths (1-25 meters). In contrast, the passive MASW survey employed natural and cultural sources, producing low-frequency waves capable of penetrating deeper into the subsurface (up to 40 m). By combining the data from both approaches, the study achieved a more accurate and continuous shear wave velocity profile, covering a depth range from 1 to 60 m. Key findings of the research include the successful integration of higher modes in the combined MASW survey, leading to improved accuracy in the inverted shear wave velocity profiles. The study also compared the effectiveness of combining raw data versus combining dispersion images from active and passive surveys. Results indicated that the combined approach provided superior resolution and clarity, particularly in identifying the modal nature of dispersion trends and ensuring accurate subsurface characterization across varying depths. This research demonstrates that the combined MASW method is a powerful tool for geotechnical investigations, offering enhanced depth of investigation and improved accuracy in subsurface profiling, which is critical for various engineering and environmental application.
A study to assess the effectiveness of sleep hygiene measures and relaxation therapy on sleep quality and stress level among residents of an old age home. Background: Holistic nursing should be an aspiration for all nurses, as it helps patients feel acknowledged, valued, and appreciated. Holistic nursing care most needed for old age people. Specially those who are residents at old age home. The focus is low good health throughout life can help older men and women lead full and productive lives and resource for their families and communities. Sleep and stress is the most common problem for the old age people.so that guided imagery relaxation therapy is effective one for older adult. Aim: The objectives of the study were*Assess the sleep quality and stress level among residents of an old age home. *Evaluate the sleep quality and stress level after sleep hygiene measures and relaxation therapy among residents of an old age home. *Associate the selected demographic variables with sleep and stress level among residents of an old age home. Method: This pre experimental study was conducted between old age people. samples were selected using convenient sampling method. A Pittsburgh sleep quality analysis scale and perceived stress scale was used to assess the knowledge. Results: samples (n=60) The Paired “t” test value was 14.84 and. the p-value is p<0.001**. This shows that was a highly significant difference between pretest and post test scores of sleep hygiene measures. The Paired “t” test value was 17.99 and. the p-value is p<0.001**. This shows that there was a highly significant difference between pretest and post test scores of relaxation therapy on stress level among older adult. Conclusion: The findings obtained in this study analyzed data for Sleep hygiene program and relaxation therapy is an important tool for improving the sleep quality and stress level among elderly people.
Analysis of the percentage proximate composition and oil quality indices of selected Nigerian mango kernel were investigated. Four mango varieties (german, fazli, cherry and safeda) were sourced from Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria, processed, and their oil extracted using Soxhlet extractor, with n-hexane as solvent. AOAC standard procedures were adopted for the analyses, and the analyses were carried out in triplicates. The means were compared using The Origin Software at P>0.05. The proximate composition of kernel seeds showed that the percent ash, moisture, fat, fibre, protein and carbohydrate content varied from 1.501±0.036-4.786±0.302%, 2.495±0.559-3.98±0.537%, 6.947±1.339-10.484±0.685%, 2.096±0.419-3.861±0.652%, 1.344±0.345-1.736±0.33% and 78.24±0.622-81.644±0.487% respectively. Protein showed no significant difference in all the varieties investigated while there was significant difference in ash, moisture, fat, fibre, and carbohydrate. The physicochemical indices of the oil were as follow: smoke point (60±2.828-80±7.071 oC), refractive index (1.402±0.143-1.441±0.199), fire point (68±4.243-110±7.071 oC), flash point (55±7.071-82±2.823 oC), pH (6.42±0.044-7.51±0.014), viscosity (452.2±11.597-723.9±14.284Pas-1), density (0.856±0.079-0.938±0.0536 g/ml), specific gravity (0.36±0.057-0.442±0.059g/ml), free fatty acids (2.244±0.204-5.049±0.211), peroxide value (16.6±0.849-20.4±0.566g/ml)), acid value (4.488±0.266- 10.098±0.421mg/KOH/g), iodine value(29.269±0.769-40.978±1.478mg/g/g), saponification value (153.967±5.610-270.731±8.105mg/KOH). Similarly, refractive index showed no significant difference at P>0.05 in all the varieties investigated. Generally, the results indicated variations in proximate composition of mango kernels seeds, while the kernel seeds oil is a good source of fatty acids, with potentials as nutrient rich oil of economic value.
In Nigeria, the kernel of a ripe mango fruit which is approximately 35-60% of the absolute mango fruit weight still remains a waste and contaminant after the pulp consumption. This could be as a result of lack of adequate information available on the different predominant varieties. Current research was therefore carried out to determine the anti-oxidant and phytochemical properties of four selected varieties of mango kernel seeds (German, Fazli, Cherry and Safeda) using standard techniques. The radicals scavenging activity of the extracts were performed using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-radical scavenging assay, and 2,2′-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS)-radical scavenging assay, Lipid peroxidation inhibition assay, Super-Oxide Dismutase assay, Glutathione Reductase assay and Catalase assay. Determination of Vitamin C was done using titrimetric method and all compared using standard methods. Phytochemical and biochemical screenings showed the presence of Saponin, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Phytate, Oxalate, Heamaglutinin, Phenol, Cardiac glycoside, Terpenoids and Tannin. The quantitative analysis result indicated that tannin (3.078%), phenol (8.091mg/kg), and oxalate (0.108mg/100) were present in higher concentration in the seed kernel of Cherry compared to others, while terpenoids (16.00%), cardiac glycoside (8.845%) and hemaglutinin (3.558mg/kg) were present in higher concentration in the seed kernel of German compared to the others. Phytate (0.927mg/100) and flavonoids (5.594%) were higher in safeda whereas saponin (4.00%) and alkaloids (4.781%) where higher in fazli. Ferric Reducing Antioxidant property (FRAP) results showed that ripe mango kernel of Fazli exhibited highest Ferric Reducing power of 61mg/ml concentration and absorbance of 0.510 at wavelength of 593nm using UV- Spectrophotometer. This study therefore showed that different varieties of mango seed kernel contain varying amount of pharmacologically dynamic substances that are valuable and available as antioxidants, potential additives and other therapeutic purposes.
Work-Life Driven Social, Mental and Physical Health Status Conflict of Working Women
1Shilpa Sharma* 2Dr.Neeru Rathore**Background of the Study: The pressure of sustainability and competitive performance at the workplace over the years is a significant constraint for personal and social life of working class individuals. Hence, any imperfect balance between the work life and personal & social life results into several unfavorable effects on the social, mental and physical health of the working class individual. This research work is an effort to create some empirical evidences presenting the social, mental and physical health conflicts driven by the work life of working women of Private and Public sector banks of India. Research Methods: Universe of the study was working women of public and private sector banks of India. But, for research specificity and generalization of the results, the geographical scope of research was restricted up to the working women of public and private sector banks of five states of India (Rajasthan, Delhi, Uttarpradesh, Gujarat and Madhyapradesh). Data from the 2,275 working women sample population were analyzed. Multivariate linear regression model was used to determine the effect of work life on social, mental and physical health conflicts and one-way analysis of variance test was used for comparative analysis to assess the demographic variables based variability in the working women responses for the effect of work life on social, mental and physical health conflicts. Empirical Conclusions: The research work statically proves the association and the variations in the association between the social, mental, physical health conflicts and work-life of private sector working women. The results help to identify the need of developing the conducive work culture and working conditions for the workers to competitively deal with social, mental and physical health conflicts.
Beekeeping: A Scientific Approach to Biodiversity Conservation and Pollinator Protection
Nabdeep Singh, R.S Negi, Santosh Singh, Eshwar Negi, Ankit Sati & Kiran KothiyalBees are crucial pollinators in natural and agricultural environments, essential for maintaining plant diversity and health. Pollinators especially bees are vital for the reproduction of most flowering plants and crop production. This review explores the synergistic potential of combining beekeeping, scientific research, and biodiversity conservation efforts. It emphasizes the importance of leveraging beekeepers' knowledge in research to enhance our understanding of pollination, pollinators, and pollinator ecosystems to develop effective conservation strategies. The study advocates for a balanced approach that manages domesticated and wild bee populations, preserves natural habitats, and promotes bee-friendly agricultural practices. Key recommendations include developing standardized beekeeping protocols, exploring the long-term impacts of apiculture practices on native bee populations, and strengthening collaboration among stakeholders such as beekeepers, farmers, scientists, and policymakers. The integrated insights from various disciplines, including apiculture, ecology, agricultural science, and environmental policy, to develop a holistic understanding of the subject. The review also highlights the importance of implementing community engagement and awareness initiatives to foster stewardship of pollinator ecosystems and adopting Integrated Pest and Pollinator Management (IPPM) strategies to balance pest control with pollinator conservation. The methodology began with thoroughly examining peer-reviewed articles, scientific reports, and relevant publications to gather information on beekeeping practices, pollinator ecosystems, and conservation strategies. Furthermore, it emphasizes embracing a scientific approach to beekeeping that prioritizes bee health and contributes to habitat conservation. The review concludes that aligning beekeeping with scientific understanding and conservation efforts is crucial for supporting pollinator health, enhancing biodiversity, and creating more sustainable agricultural systems and resilient ecosystems.
" Tradition Meets Modernity: How Evolving Social Norms Influence Family Mental Health "
Dr. Asha Kumari1, Aditya Kumar Anshu2Parenting practices have experienced profound shifts as societal structures and traditional institutions evolve. In the past, extended family networks, religious organizations, and community systems played pivotal roles in offering support and stability to families. However, the forces of urbanization, digitalization, and changing cultural norms have weakened these traditional support systems, leaving parents with increased responsibilities that were once shared within a community. These changes have significant implications for family mental health, contributing to heightened parental stress, strained relationships, and developmental challenges for children. This study examines the dynamic relationship between modern parenting practices and the changing roles of traditional social institutions. Utilizing both qualitative and quantitative research, it identifies the obstacles parents face as they navigate the absence of traditional communal support. Additionally, it explores how digital tools, while facilitating access to information and connectivity, can disrupt interpersonal family relationships. The paper provides actionable recommendations, including the integration of mental health education into school curricula, revitalizing community engagement, and fostering the responsible use of technology. It concludes by emphasizing the collective responsibility of policymakers, educators, and communities to address these emerging challenges, ensuring the mental and social well-being of contemporary families. This research lays the groundwork for understanding and addressing the critical intersection of parenting, traditional institutions, and family health in a rapidly transforming societal landscape.
Mental Status and Quality of Life in Patients with Different Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease
1Dr Vishal Desai, 2Dr. Vijay Deepak Verma, 3Dr.Abhishek GauravBackground: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a global health challenge, affecting millions and leading to increased morbidity and mortality, particularly due to cardiovascular complications. Beyond its physical manifestations, CKD significantly impacts patients' mental health and quality of life (QoL). Material Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine at SGT Hospital over 18 months. A total of 105 participants were divided into three groups: 35 healthy controls, 35 CKD patients not on hemodialysis (stages 3-5), and 35 CKD patients on maintenance hemodialysis. The DASS-21 questionnaire was used to assess mental health, and QoL was measured using the WHO-QoL BREF manual. Results: The study analyzed three groups: healthy controls, CKD patients not on hemodialysis, and CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis, with mean ages ranging from 45.85 to 47.94 years and a slight male predominance in all groups. CKD patients, particularly those on hemodialysis, showed higher rates of Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension. Mental health assessments revealed that hemodialysis patients had significantly higher scores for Depression, Stress, and Anxiety. Additionally, these patients reported lower quality of life in all areas, especially in physical and psychological health, highlighting the severe impact of CKD on daily life and overall well-being. Conclusion: This study highlights the critical need for early identification and intervention strategies to address mental health and QoL in CKD patients. Comprehensive care that includes psychological support, lifestyle modifications, and regular monitoring of mental and physical health can potentially improve outcomes for patients across all stages of CKD.
The Volume and Impact of Agricultural Institutional Finance in Agricultural Production in Sikkim
Keshar Prasad Sharma* & Dr. Mridula Devi**Institutional credit greatly boosts agricultural productivity by providing the resources needed for input investment, which, when combined with gross sown area and suitable rainfall, improves output. However, credit allocation differs by district, owing to physical considerations such as location and topography. This unequal distribution can result in differences in agricultural development and output across regions. Areas with tough conditions frequently earn less credit, limiting their agricultural potential. To achieve more equitable development and maximise the benefits of institutional credit, it is critical to address regional imbalances through tailored policies and support systems. Study has used log linear regression model to analyse the data and it has been found that institutional credit, gross sown area and annual rainfall are statically significant with the agricultural production.
Integrated Analysis of Wind Speed Dynamics and their Influence on Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
Md. Ahsan Habib1, Md. Humayun Kabir2, Tanjim Mahmud3, Md. Masum Billah4, Rauf Khan5, Md. Ali Asgar6*The city of Darjeeling possesses a distinct terrestrial location and diversified climatic conditions which enable an eternal source of wind power generation. The current study focuses on estimating the characteristics of wind speed and potential for wind power generation in Darjeeling, West Bengal, India in recent years between 2019 and 2023. Statistical methodology has been exploited to develop probability density functions by utilizing continuous probability distributions such as Weibull and Rayleigh distributions for monthly analyses of wind data. The Weibull distribution exhibits a relatively precise assessment of power density verified by higher square of the correlation coefficient (R2), and lower root mean square error (RMSE)values. The outcome of this research provides a critical insight into wind energy potential that serves as a resource for decision-makers and emphasizes the importance of wind energy in Darjeeling district.
The aim of the present study is to analyse the relationship between emotional intelligence and teacher engagement of government aided higher secondary school in North Dum Dum Municipal area, Kolkata. The stratified random sampling technique is used in selecting 180 teachers for the study. The standardized structured questionnaire named “Emotional Intelligence Scale” was developed by Dr. N. K. Chadha and Dr. Dalip Singh (2001) and “Teacher Engagement Scale” developed by Schaufeli (2002) was administered. Mean, SD, correlation and regression analysis were used to test the hypotheses formulated in the study. The study concludes that emotional intelligence influences teacher engagement in their academic activities and in class room. The result reveals that there is a significant and positive relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and teacher engagement (TE). Result also exhibits that competence factor of emotional intelligence negatively affected the teacher engagement. It is concluded that highly emotional intelligence teachers should be recruited so that teachers’ engagement can be enriched. Therefore, organisation should arrange professional training programs, counselling and learning environment in the class and ethos of their school.
Financial Literacy and Investment Practices among Doctors in Karnataka - An Observational Study
Dhruva Nag M,1 Dr. Radha R,2 Dr. Shobharani HG3Background: Financial literacy is a global concern, crucial for personal and family financial prosperity. Poor money management can make consumers vulnerable to financial crises. Financial knowledge refers to understanding financial concepts and procedures and applying this understanding to address financial challenges. Healthcare professionals (HCPs) often earn substantial salaries early in their careers. Therefore, strong financial knowledge is essential for making wise investments, securing future financial needs. Doctors often start their careers with limited financial knowledge, as subjects like banking, investment, and equities are unrelated to medical education. The study aims to explore the relationship between financial knowledge, attitudes, investment practices, providing insights into key areas requiring attention and enhancing understanding of financial literacy among Indian doctors. Methods: This observational study was conducted on 333 doctors in Karnataka at Sri Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre over three months, following ethical committee approval. Participants were contacted via phone, informed about the study, and encouraged to participate. The survey, administered via Google Forms using simple random sampling, assessed financial knowledge and practices related to financial management and investments. Results: The mean age of the study participants 38.1 + 13.4 years. The gender distribution shows a slight majority of males 176 (52.85%) compared to females 157 (47.15%).Financial knowledge scores increase with age, peaking at 39.3 ± 13.5 for those aged 51–60 (p = 0.04). Males have significantly higher financial knowledge scores (34.4 ± 12.3) compared to females (21.5 ± 9.6).Financial knowledge is significantly associated with medical discipline (r = 0.53, p = 0.032), but not with annual income (r = 0.41, p = 0.43). It shows a strong positive correlation with investment preferences (r = 0.67, p = 0.05), suggesting that higher financial knowledge influences investment decision-making. Conclusions: Financial knowledge among Indian doctors, especially younger ones, is inadequate, highlighting the need for enhanced financial education and awareness programs. Incorporating finance management into healthcare curricula and repeated sensitization could improve financial practices and decision-making.
Antecedent of Organic Food Purchase Intention among Youth: Evidence from an Emerging Market
1Debajani Sahoo, 2Pankaj Kumar SinghThe purpose of this paper is to examine the link between organic food consumption motives and attitudes in an emerging market. The study investigates the mediating role of attitude between consumption motives of organic products and their purchase intention. A total of378 responses were collected for the study from a renowned deemed university. The demographic analysis was followed by factor analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) for testing the proposed hypotheses. The results of the data analyses showed that organic product consumption motive is a strong predictor of youth attitude towards organic products, which in turn influences youth purchase intention towards organic products. The findings also demonstrate that youth attitudes towards organic food products mediate between the consumptionmotive and youth purchase intention.The present study would help the brand managers to devise a strategy based on organic food consumption motives to raise attitudes relative to an organic product purchase.
The most difficult challenge Alexander the Great faced was during the siege of Tyre on his journey toward Egypt. Conquering Tyre was essential to protect the rear of Alexander's army from potential Persian attacks. Tyre was a fortified island city of the Phoenicians, situated about 1 km from the mainland, with a fort wall 150 feet tall. The Phoenicians were skilled shipbuilders. Tyre was protected by fortifications towering approximately 150 feet high. With a history of repelling numerous aggressions, the Tyrians believed their defenses to be impenetrable. Alexander inherited his father’s throne, commanded the full strength of the Macedonian army, and was educated by Aristotle, which made him one of the greatest warriors of all time. He employed siege warfare tactics, utilizing siege engines like the catapult, siege tower, and battering ram. He also utilized his army on both land and sea, which led to the seven-month siege of Tyre from January 332 BC to July 332 BC, which became one of his greatest victories. The siege was marked by relentless attacks and counterattacks from both sides. The new city of Tyre was about 3/4 km away from the mainland, and Alexander built a unique causeway. He constructed a 1-kilometer-long and 200-foot-wide causeway, as described by Diodorus, over a natural land bridge less than two meters deep, enabling his army to approach the city's formidable walls.
Working Capital Management and Performance of Listed Manufacturing Firms: Evidence from West Africa
Akinleye Gideon Tayo & Adeboboye Roseline OsatohanmwenThis study explored working capital management and performance of listed manufacturing firms: an evidence from West Africa. Data employed in this study were generated from secondary source; the dependent variables for this study were return on capital employed and return on equity; while the explanatory variables were mainly, average receivables period, average payment period, and inventory turnover period, alongside firm size as control variable. The study spanned through a period of 11 years (2012-2022). Forty (40) listed manufacturing firms in West Africa were purposively selected for this study. The data generated for this study were analyzed using descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, pooled OLS estimator, fixed effect estimator and random effect estimator. In addition, post estimation test (F-test and Hausma test) were conducted. The findings of this study revealed that, average payable period has significant positive effect on return on capital employed of selected listed manufacturing firms in West Africa, while average receivable period and inventory turnover have insignificant negative effect on return on capital employed. Additionally, the results of the study revealed that, average receivable period and inventory have insignificant negative effect on return on equity of selected listed manufacturing firms in West Africa, while average payable period has insignificant positive effect on return on equity. In line with the findings of this study, the study concluded that, working capital management significantly affects return on capital employed, but only when average payable period is considered. Furthermore, this study concluded that working capital management has insignificant effect on return on equity of quoted manufacturing firms in West Africa.
Beyond the Boundaries: Analyzing Social Deviance in Modern Indian Society
Anant KumarSocial deviance, traditionally understood as behavior diverging from societal norms, offers a unique lens through which to examine the intricate dynamics of culture, identity, and power in India. In a rapidly changing society influenced by globalization, economic transformation, and digitalization, definitions and perceptions of deviance have shifted, challenging traditional structures and values. This study explores how these shifts affect marginalized groups, including youth, women, LGBTQ+ communities, and economically disadvantaged populations, who are often labeled as 'deviant' for defying societal expectations. Employing a multidisciplinary approach, the research analyzes media representations, legal frameworks, and societal reactions to nonconformity, thereby uncovering the underlying social tensions between progressive and conservative forces. It also examines how factors such as caste, religion, and class influence societal attitudes toward deviance. Through qualitative analysis and case studies, this study seeks to understand how acts of deviance can be both a form of resistance and a catalyst for social change, advocating for more inclusive definitions of normalcy. The findings aim to provide a deeper insight into the socio-cultural complexities of modern India and to encourage policymakers, academics, and activists to reconsider frameworks of deviance to foster a more inclusive society.
Variation in Termination of Sciatic Nerve- A Case Series
Thoudam Bedita Devi1*, Leon Ranjoline Guria1, Khrieketouzo Chielie2Introduction: The division of the sciatic nerve may occur anywhere from the sacral plexus to the popliteal fossa. During its course, the anatomy of the sciatic nerve and its branches have several anatomical variations. The separate (autonomous) development of the sciatic nervetibial and peroneal divisions could explain the source of Sciatic nerve variants during embryonic development. Material and Methods: This study was conducted at the Department of Anatomy of Shija Academy of Health Sciences, Imphal, Manipur. During routine dissection of popliteal fossa, a variable division of Sciatic nerve was observed in 10 cases following which, the higher/ lower division of the nerve was traced up to its point of its division. Results: Ten cases of variable division of Sciatic Nerve were observed. Amongst these ten cases, 4 cases (40%) showed a lower level of division of Sciatic nerve i.e below the superior angle of popliteal fossa.A higher level of division of Sciatic nerve was seen in 6 cases (60%) where two cases showed division at the level of middle of back of thigh and four cases, division occurred at the lower border of Piriformis muscle. Conclusion: Sciatic nerve compression may be variable. In patients with chronic lower back pain and hip pain, such variations must be kept in mind. Also, a thorough knowledge of variations of Sciaticnerve may be helpful in diagnosing and treating associated disease without causing iatrogenic injuries.
Paraphrasing the Framework of Public Health in Colonial India
Dr. Shreya SinghThe concept of Social Darwinism nurtured the phenomena of British colonialism in Asia and Africa and emergence of Macaulayism calcified it on Indian soil. British sense of cultural superiority galvanized them to trample every icon of traditional Indian ethos and harmonized the sentiments of indigenous people with European culture. Public health and medical treatment in India before the advent of Europeans were solely based on Ayurveda and Unani way of treatment. Ayurvedic and Allopathic procedure of treatment were greatly different from one another in their ideologies and methodologies of treating the ailing. Ayurveda, on one hand served the objective of Prevention is better than cure, whereas European medicines aimed at eliminating the disease through heavy doses of chemical composition. Ayurveda usually focused on tackling the hormonal imbalances of human body in the form of Vata, Pitta and Kapha doshas. Unani Vaidyas used eight diagnosis methods for effective results such as- pulse, stool, urine, tongue, speech, vision, touch and appearance. Unlike these unsophisticated systems which focused on empowering the body with naturally-built immunity to fight diseases, sophisticated British way of medicinal treatment drew conclusions after punctilious technical examination of the source, proper recording and documentation of the symptoms and logical allopathic medication comprising of suitable chemical composition after authentic diagnosis. Queen’s Proclamation Act of 1858 gave Britishers an upper hand in Indian administration. They conducted several amendments through various acts to mold the thriving medical practices in India according to their personal preferences. The episode of vaccination drive promulgated by them played a prominent role in amelioration of the status of public health in India. This research work is an attempt to sketch an honest parody of Public Health System of India during British rule. Meticulous dissection of historical documents available in National Archives, New Delhi, scrutiny of records of East India company in British Library and rare documents on Medical History of British India from National Library of Scotland have facilitated the draft of this paper. Apart from the aforementioned primary sources various secondary sources have been used in form of books, articles and newspaper reports. This qualitative research would intrude into the disguised territory of East India Company records in order to construct the ideological notions which weaved the policies of British Governors and Civil servants regarding the health and sanitation of Indian civilians.
A Sociolinguistic Study of Linguistic Variation and Code Matrix in Arunachal Pradesh
Limi Nyodu & Vijayakumar Kathirvel2This paper presents a comprehensive and insightful examination of sociolinguistic aspects within the diverse linguistic environment of Arunachal Pradesh, India. The research deeply investigates the complex dynamics surrounding language variation and code mixing in this culturally rich region. By employing both qualitative and quantitative methods, the study delves into the factors contributing to the intricate tapestry of linguistic diversity. Through systematic inquiry, recognizable patterns of code mixing are uncovered, revealing its diverse purposes and driving forces. Additionally, the study explores the intricate sociolinguistic consequences stemming from these phenomena. By deciphering the interplay among language, culture, and identity, the study's findings illuminate the intricate network of connections that characterize communication in Arunachal Pradesh. This investigation not only advances our grasp of the local linguistic landscape but also carries broader implications for understanding how language, culture, and identity interact in varied socio-cultural contexts. Overall, this research vividly portrays the linguistic complexities that shape the cultural patchwork of Arunachal Pradesh.
Photocatalysis of Sago Wastewater using Sago Starch-Tio2 Films
1Rubiyah Baini and 2Sariah AbangThis work is about wastewater treatment using sago starch-TiO2 hybrid film. The surface morphology of the films was evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and the analysis of the sago wastewater treatment films was in terms of the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Total Suspended Solid (TSS). Pseudo first order kinetic model was also included in the analysis. Findings show that the TiO2 particles were embedded well within the starch matrix. White spots were observed on the SEM images indicating the distribution of TiO2 particles on the surface of the films. The ability of the films to treat sago wastewater was observed by the percentage reduction of BOD, COD and TSS, which were estimated to be about 80% and 60% for the photocatalysis under controlled UV light of 40 watts and under the sunlight, respectively. The Pseudo First Order kinetic model fit well onto the experimental data with mean square error of 2.3- 2.5 indicating the suitabilty of this model to predict the changes of BOD, COD and TSS with time. The constant, k, was estimated to be 0.0074.
The Association between Exposure to Environmental Toxicants and Childhood Autism: A Mini Review
Sarah Bura-Dinu, Anthonet Ezejiofor, Chinemerem ElekeBackground: Autism spectrum disorder is a condition of interrupted neuronal development marked by limitations in communication, social behavior, and tenacity to repetitions. This mini review examined evidence published between 1961-2023 to determine the association between autism and heavy metal exposure. Methods: The PubMed and EBSCO essentials electronic databases were searched for studies available in the English language only. Systematic reviews and Animal studies were excluded. Results: Out of 9,431 initial database hits, seven (7) studies were included in the review. The data synthesis revealed no significant association between Autism and Heavy metals exposure in 67% (Arsenic and Lead), 75% (Manganese), 80% (Mercury and Cadmium), and 100% (Nickle) of the reviewed studies. Furthermore, there was no significant association between autism and sea-fish consumption status in 100% of reviewed studies. Conclusion: There is no consistent evidence to suggest an association between autism and heavy metals exposure or sea-fish consumption status. More elaborate umbrella reviews are needed to confirm this finding.
Variation in Termination of Sciatic Nerve- A Case Series
Thoudam Bedita Devi1*, Leon Ranjoline Guria1, Khrieketouzo Chielie2Introduction: The division of the sciatic nerve may occur anywhere from the sacral plexus to the popliteal fossa. During its course, the anatomy of the sciatic nerve and its branches have several anatomical variations. The separate (autonomous) development of the sciatic nervetibial and peroneal divisions could explain the source of Sciatic nerve variants during embryonic development. Material and Methods: This study was conducted at the Department of Anatomy of Shija Academy of Health Sciences, Imphal, Manipur. During routine dissection of popliteal fossa, a variable division of Sciatic nerve was observed in 10 cases following which, the higher/ lower division of the nerve was traced up to its point of its division. Results: Ten cases of variable division of Sciatic Nerve were observed. Amongst these ten cases, 4 cases (40%) showed a lower level of division of Sciatic nerve i.e below the superior angle of popliteal fossa.A higher level of division of Sciatic nerve was seen in 6 cases (60%) where two cases showed division at the level of middle of back of thigh and four cases, division occurred at the lower border of Piriformis muscle. Conclusion: Sciatic nerve compression may be variable. In patients with chronic lower back pain and hip pain, such variations must be kept in mind. Also, a thorough knowledge of variations of Sciaticnerve may be helpful in diagnosing and treating associated disease without causing iatrogenic injuries.
The Art of Fidelity and Creativity in Literary Translation
Era Bucpapaj1, Prof. Asoc. Dr. Etleva Koni2The intricate balance between fidelity and creativity in literary translation underscores the essence of the translator’s craft, highlighting its dual nature as both a linguistic and artistic endeavor. Literary translation transcends the mere substitution of words and phrases; it involves preserving the original text’s aesthetic, cultural, and emotional nuances while simultaneously adapting them for a new linguistic and cultural audience. This process demands a nuanced understanding of both the source and target languages, as well as a deep appreciation for the cultural contexts in which these languages exist. Fidelity, often equated with loyalty to the source text, is vital for maintaining the integrity of the original work. It ensures that the themes, tone, and stylistic features are accurately conveyed, allowing the target audience to experience the text as the source audience would. However, strict adherence to fidelity alone may result in translations that feel rigid or inaccessible, failing to resonate with readers in a different cultural or linguistic context. Creativity, by contrast, empowers translators to navigate cultural and linguistic disparities, adapting the source text in ways that retain its essence while making it accessible and engaging for the target audience. This creative process involves reimagining poetic structures, idiomatic expressions, and cultural references, transforming them into forms that are meaningful within the target culture. This article explores the dynamic interplay between fidelity and creativity, examining their significance in literary translation and the tensions that arise in balancing them. Drawing on key theoretical frameworks and practical examples, it highlights how translators skillfully mediate between these two forces. Ultimately, this study argues that literary translation is not only an art of faithful reproduction but also a creative act of reinterpreting and reimagining texts, making them relevant and impactful in new cultural and linguistic landscapes.
Background: Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW) nurses face unique migration experiences and integration challenges in foreign healthcare systems. This study explores the experiences of OFW nurses working at King Khalid Hospital in Najran, Saudi Arabia, focusing on their migration, workforce integration, and adaptation strategies. Objectives: The study aims to investigate the migration experiences, challenges, coping strategies, and the impact of integration into the healthcare system on the professional and personal lives of OFW nurses. Methods: This qualitative study uses phenomenological methodology. Twelve OFW nurses, with employment durations ranging from six months to five years at King Khalid Hospital, were purposively selected. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Four themes emerged from the data: (1) Migration Experience: Financial incentives, professional development opportunities, and expedited processing were key motivators, despite challenges like cultural differences and legal issues. (2) Workplace Integration: Structured orientation and professional resources facilitated adaptation, with many nurses reporting improved workplace culture. (3) Coping Strategies: Social support, engagement in local activities, self-care practices, and technology use were vital for cultural adjustment. (4) Long-term Impact: Nurses experienced professional growth, enhanced cultural competence, and improved confidence, despite occasional language barriers. Conclusion: Tailored support programs are essential for OFW nurses’ successful migration and integration. This study highlights the importance of structured support to facilitate their adaptation, improve cultural competence, and enhance their professional growth.
The study explores the relationship between self-awareness, self-regulation, and employees' attitudes within organizational settings. The research analyzes how self-awareness directly and indirectly influences employee attitudes through self-regulation. A quantitative research design was employed, utilizing a structured questionnaire distributed to 498 university faculty and staff members. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the path coefficient and relationships between the variables. Results indicate that self-awareness significantly impacts employee attitudes (path coefficient = 0.286, p = 0.04). Additionally, self-awareness positively influences self-regulating self-regulation (path coefficient = 0.375, p = 0.01), which, in turn, significantly enhances employee attitude (path coefficient = 0.595, p= 0.00). The findings also reveal that self-regulation mediated the relationship between self-awareness and employee attitudes (indirect effect = 0.223, p = 0.013). The study highlights the importance of emotional intelligence components- specifically self-awareness and self-regulation – in fostering positive employee attitudes. These insights contribute to organizational behavior by emphasizing the need for developing emotional intelligence to enhance employee well-being and performance. The results suggest that organizations should invest in emotional intelligence training programs to equip employees better to manage their emotions and respond effectively to workplace challenges.
Background: Early marriage remains prevalent in communities with strong cultural traditions, such as the Meranaw in Marawi City, Philippines. Understanding its effects on sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is essential for improving health outcomes and addressing gender inequality. Objectives: This study aims to explore the impact of early marriage on SRH outcomes among Meranaw women, focusing on how empowerment, gender norms, and marital relations intersect with reproductive health. Methods: A quantitative, descriptive-correlational design was employed to examine SRH outcomes among Meranaw young. Descriptive statistics, including frequency distributions and measures of central tendency, were used to summarize respondents’ characteristics. Pearson’s correlation coefficient tested the relationships between the independent variables and SRH outcomes, while weighted means calculated average responses, considering the relative importance of various factors. Results: Early marriage was found to be associated with lower utilization of birth control and maternal healthcare services. Empowerment levels were lower among women married at an early age, and traditional gender norms contributed to limited autonomy in reproductive health decisions. Conclusion: Early marriage among Meranaw women in Marawi City negatively impacts SRH outcomes, exacerbating health risks and perpetuating gender inequality. Addressing these issues requires comprehensive education, policy interventions, and empowerment programs to shift cultural attitudes towards early marriage and promote better SRH outcomes.
Background: Professional development is widely recognized as crucial for improving and refining the clinical skills and knowledge of healthcare providers. Continuing professional development (CPD) programs play a vital role in ensuring that healthcare professionals, including those working in the field of hemodialysis, can continuously expand their expertise and deliver high-quality patient care. Objectives: This study explores the perspectives of dialysis nurses on CPD programs in Marawi City, Philippines focusing on their experiences and challenges. Methods: A qualitative, phenomenological approach was utilized, involving in-depth interviews with ten hemodialysis nurses from various healthcare facilities in Marawi City, Philippines. Participants were selected based on their experience in dialysis care. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis to identify recurring themes and capture the essence of their experiences with CPD programs. Results: Key themes that emerged include (1) Impact of CPD on Clinical Practice, (2) Essential Skills and Knowledge Areas in CPD Programs, and (3) Barriers to CPD Participation. CPD programs were reported to enhance clinical practice, improving infection control, patient monitoring, and equipment proficiency, while fostering increased confidence, self-efficacy, and career development. Essential skills identified for CPD programs included life-saving techniques, aseptic practices, and hemodialysis-specific knowledge. The barriers to CPD participation included demanding schedules, high costs, limited local programs, long-distance travel, poor internet access, and lack of organizational support, all contributing to low trust in CPD programs. Conclusion: The findings point to the need for tailored, accessible, and practical CPD programs that are specifically designed to address the unique challenges faced by nurses in rural settings, ultimately enhancing the quality of care they provide.
The Cutting Edge: Women Surgeons Pioneering Changes in the Social Realm
Anisha SenThroughout history, women have performed surgeries. Men still greatly outnumber women in a number of procedural disciplines, most notably surgery, even though there are now as many female medical students as male students in universities. This article addresses the variables that may impact women's decision to pursue a career in surgery, as well as the difficulties and discrimination that female surgeons may encounter. There is a compelling case for significant individual policy change, to lessen gendered stereotypes and prejudice in surgery at the organizational and governmental levels. Even if the proportion of women attending medical schools has risen over the previous three decades to close to 50% today, women are disproportionately underrepresented in academic medicine's faculty and in leadership or power roles. In the light of that the present study is going to highlight on the historical emergence of women in surgery and the challenging factors that women go through to be in this profession.
Oyster mushrooms, belonging to the Pleurotus genus within the Class Basidiomycetes and Family Agaricaceae, are known for their ability to thrive on decomposing organic matter. The fruiting bodies of these mushrooms typically exhibit a shell- or spatula-shaped appearance and can vary in color, ranging from white, cream, and grey to yellow, pink, or light brown, depending on the species.A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of various manure-based composts on the growth, yield, and nutritional composition of Pleurotus florida. The mushrooms were cultivated on different substrates, including rice straw mixed with cow dung compost (1:1) (T2), sheep dung compost (1:1) (T3), poultry manure compost (1:1) (T1), cow urine compost (1:1) (T5), silkworm dung compost (1:1) (T4), and panchakavya compost (1:1) (T6). Compost preparation involved a mix of rice straw (60%), rice bran (5.5%), chicken manure (31%), urea (0.5%), and gypsum (3%).The results revealed significant variations in growth, yield, biological efficiency, and the nutritional profile of the mushrooms across the different substrate formulations. Notably, substrates without compost supplementation demonstrated superior performance in terms of yield and biological efficiency. Among the compost treatments, the temperature of the substrates rose from an initially low level to peak values on the fourth day, reaching 69°C (T1), 59°C (T2), 54°C (T3), 61°C (T4), 65°C (T5), and 63°C (T6). The highest yield of Pleurotus florida was recorded at 443 grams.
Method Development and Validation by RP-HPLC Analysis for Quantitative Estimation of Carbamazepine
Gangadhara Ranga1, M. Indhu Priya2, Srujana Penumuru3, Shobha Rani Tenkayala3*, Venkata Reddy Gorla4 & Ramachandra Bandi5The present study aimed to develop and verify a high-performance liquid chromatography technique for measuring Carbamazepine in formulations that suggest stability. The Waters Alliance 510 with UV–484 Data Ace software (Instrument I.D.: AL-011) and the Agilent 1100 Series with Chromeleon software (Instrument I.D.: AL-013) are the two HPLC systems used in this procedure. Tetra hydro furan, methanol, and water were used to form a new mobile phase with a volume ratio of 30:120:850 (V/V/V) and a rate of flow of 2 ml/min. The detection was done at 230 nm. Stress testing was performed on Carbamazepine to assess the stability-indicating nature of the process. This encompassed degradation by hydrolysis in acidic, basic, and neutral environments, UV deterioration, and thermal deterioration. A linear relationship was discovered (r2 = 0.999) for the concentration range of 50–150 ppm, which was further clarified by the regression equation Y=35.54x-254.8. Carbamazepine showed outstanding stability in conditions consisting of thermal, oxidative stress, acidity, base, and neutrality. The procedure's robustness, linearity, specificity, accuracy, and precision were all confirmed. The data demonstrate that it is suitable for commercial dosage form analysis in accordance with ICH guidelines since it is quick, accurate, precise, repeatable, and dependable.
Lifespan is influenced by a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, including susceptibility to diseases and survival mechanisms. Early nutritional interventions, such as, the use of food additives, herbal remedies, and mineral supplements, play a pivotal role in shaping growth, survival, and aging outcomes. This study investigated the ameliorative effect of Pomegranate Juice (PJ) a nutrient-rich "Pathya" fruit symbolizing life, health, and longevity against Potassium Bromate (KBrO3) induced toxicity on lifespan using Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism. KBrO3, a widely used as food additive and a major water disinfection by-product, was examined for its impact on lifespan. The experiment consisted of four groups: Group I (Control), Group II (20 mM KBrO3), Group III (Pomegranate Juice), and Group IV (combination of PJ + 20 mM KBrO3), with each group comprising 3 replicates of twenty flies. Results revealed a significant difference in lifespan in KBrO3 treated flies, with reduction of 73% in males and 68% in females as compared to the control. Remarkably, administration of PJ improved longevity by 55% in males and 51% in females exposed to KBrO3, highlighting its protective effect. These findings underscore the potential of PJ in promoting longevity, and improving the quality of life. The observed toxicity of KBrO3 on lifespan suggests its avoidance as a food additive and raises concerns about potential risks to human health if KBrO3 is used in any application.
Background: Warfarin is a crucial anticoagulant for CVDs (mechanical valve replacement, atrial fibrillation, pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis). The complicated dosing schedules and frequent side effects of warfarin can negatively impact the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients. Objectives: To assess the overall health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among patients on warfarin therapy and to identify the predictors associated with variations in HRQoL, using the WHOQOL-BREF and EQ-5D-5L instruments. Methods: A one year prospective observational study was conducted at KIMS Al Shifa Super Speciality Hospital .The study evaluated the quality of life of 93 patients taking warfarin using WHO-BREF and EQ-5D-5L scales. Patients received counselling and informational leaflets, with their knowledge evaluated before and after counseling. The study analyzed HRQoL ratings using descriptive statistics, such as mean and standard deviation. SPSS software version 25 was utilized to identify predictors of these scores. Result: The average EQ-VAS score was 75.69 ± 9.57, and the average EQ-5D index was 0.87 ± 0.12. The physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains had mean WHOQOL-BREF domain ratings of 20.36 ± 2.89, 18.52 ± 2.41, 10.92 ± 19.64, and 29.40 ± 3.17, respectively. Age, comorbidities, work status, and patient knowledge all showed significant disparities in HRQoL scores. Conclusion: Scores from the WHOQOL-BREF and EQ-5D-5L indicate that age, comorbidities, employment status, and patient knowledge significantly impact HRQoL, highlighting the need for personalized management and education for long-term warfarin users
Analyzing Media Literacy Skills in Teacher Trainees: An Extensive Study
Bisini P SThe study aimed to evaluate the media literacy competencies of teacher trainees, focusing on the overall sample and specific subject-wise subgroups. Key objectives included determining the media literacy levels across the entire sample and within individual subject groups, assessing the percentage of student teachers with various media literacy levels, and examining differences in media literacy competencies among subject groups.A representative sample of teacher trainees from various graduate-level education programs participated, encompassing students from Commerce, English, Malayalam, Mathematics, Natural Science, Physical Science, and Social Science. Data was collected using the Media Literacy Scale and the findings revealed a high level of media literacy among all teacher trainees and across subject groups. Component-wise analysis also indicated high proficiency in areas such as source evaluation, media message analysis, understanding media ownership and control, digital literacy and privacy, media production, critical thinking and reflection, and media literacy in a social context. Among the subjects, Natural Science students scored the highest, while Physical Science students scored the lowest.The results suggest that teacher training programs effectively incorporate media literacy education, preparing future educators to engage critically with media. Ensuring uniformly high standards across all subjects will help in maintaining the effectiveness of media literacy education in teacher training programs.Overall, this study underscores the critical importance of media literacy in contemporary education and demonstrates that current teacher training programs are successfully equipping trainees with essential media literacy skills. Integrating media literacy into teacher education, providing ongoing professional development, and fostering collaborative learning environments are essential steps in preparing educators to navigate and teach in a media-rich world.
Advanced Animal Detection and Notification System Using Embedded Technology
1C.Ramesh; 2Sathishkumar TThe smart alert system for railway safety addresses significant challenges in track monitoring and collision prevention by employing advanced technology to overcome the limitations of traditional systems. Conventional railway safety mechanisms often fail to provide real-time detection of trains and obstacles, resulting in delayed responses and an increased risk of accidents. Furthermore, these systems tend to be reactive, responding to incidents only after they occur, rather than proactively preventing them. To bridge this gap, the proposed system integrates state-of-the-art tools and technologies to ensure real-time monitoring and rapid action. It utilizes Python and YOLOv4, a deep learning model renowned for object detection, to process live camera feeds, enabling the system to instantly identify and classify trains, obstacles, or other potential hazards on the tracks. This immediate detection significantly reduces collision risks and enhances safety. The system employs an alarm and an LCD display to deliver timely alerts to relevant personnel, ensuring prompt responses to detected hazards. For communication, it incorporates Node MCU and LoRa modules, which enable efficient and reliable wireless data transmission over long distances, ensuring that critical information reaches intended recipients even in remote areas. Additionally, the system features an L298 motor driver to dynamically adjust train speeds based on real-time track conditions, further reducing risks and optimizing operational efficiency. By integrating these components, the system provides a cohesive and robust framework for real-time monitoring, alerting, and control, transforming railway safety measures from reactive to proactive. This innovative approach not only prevents accidents before they occur but also enhances overall railway operations by improving responsiveness and operational reliability. The system’s ability to process real- time data and automate safety measures establishes a modern, technology-driven framework for a safer and more efficient railway network. This comprehensive solution addresses critical safety concerns, offering significant advancements in railway safety and operational efficiency, and setting a new standard for transportation infrastructure. Through the seamless integration of cutting-edge technologies, the project redefines traditional safety protocols, ensuring a more reliable and proactive approach to railway safety and operations.
Nexus of Labor, Capital and FDI: Boosting India’s Manufacturing Sector
Parul Singh Dr. Pradeep Kumar SinghThis research examines how foreign direct investment (FDI) affects the manufacturing sector's output in India, with a particular emphasis on capital accumulation utilizing neoclassical and classical economic theories. It makes use of time-series analysis spanning from 2000 to 2022 and applies a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to assess the effects of labor, domestic capital, and foreign direct investment (FDI) on manufacturing growth both in the short and long terms, with and without the inclusion of labor quality as an exogenous variable. The results show that labor quality and capital inputs interact to enhance the impact of labor, domestic capital, and foreign direct investment (FDI) on industrial production. The creation of investment-friendly laws to encourage FDI inflows, a focus on skill development, and higher-quality labor are among the recommendations made to optimize the advantages of the manufacturing sector and quicken India's economic expansion.
Rice and Climate: Unveiling Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sustainable Mitigation Strategies
Sushil KumarOver 2 billion people rely on rice for their nourishment, which provides 20% of the world’s caloric consumption. But it also contributes significantly to the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), namely nitrous oxide (N?O) and methane (CH?). In flooded rice fields, methane is generated anaerobically, where as nitrogen fertilizer and water management techniques are associated with N2O emissions. The environmental impact of rice cultivation has been addressed through a variety of mitigation techniques, including effective water and fertilizer management, the use of biochar, and cultivar selection. Mid-season drainage (MSD) and alternate wetting and drying are efficient water management strategies that lower CH? emissions by 10.62% to 100%, but they may also raise N?O emissions because of improved nitrification. Both CH? and N?O emissions can be reduced by fertilizer management, which includes the use of tailored fertilizers and appropriate nitrogen rates. By changing microbial structures and improving nutrient retention, the use of biochar not only lowers CH? and N?O emissions but also enhances soil health. There is considerable promise for lowering GHGs while preserving agricultural yields using bacterial inoculation techniques and cultivar selection, especially for drought-resistant rice types. Although, there are still issues with residue management and long-term sustainability, using rice straw for bioenergy production or soil integration presents more chances to reduce emissions. In order to balance agricultural production and environmental sustainability and pave the road for a rice cultivation industry that is climate resilient, this review emphasizes the necessity of integrated methods that include many mitigation techniques.
The Role of Phytocompounds in Disrupting Glioblastoma Pathways: A Cytotoxic and Enrichment Analysis
1Vijeta Prakash, 2Reema GabraniGlioblastoma (GB) is a highly aggressive brain tumor with limited treatment options. This current study assessed the cytotoxicity of six phytocompounds—colchicine, piperine, quercetin, theobromine, reserpine, and cineole—on LN229 and U-87 MGGB cell lines using MTT assay. Colchicine demonstrated potent cytotoxicity through microtubule disruption and oxidative stress modulation, while quercetin exhibited broad-spectrum activity, including apoptosis induction and chemosensitization. Reserpine selectively targeted GPCRs, reducing cell invasiveness and angiogenesis. Theobromine, cineole, and piperine showed limited direct cytotoxicity but displayed unique interaction profiles suggesting complementary therapeutic roles. Enrichment analysis highlighted pathways critical to GB, such as ROS metabolism and MAPK signaling. These findings underscore the potential of phytocompounds as standalone or combinatorial therapies for glioblastoma, warranting further in vivo and mechanistic studies.Colchicine, reserpine, and quercetin show promise as glioblastoma treatments due to their complementary mechanisms of action, warranting further in vivo studies and mechanistic exploration to confirm their clinical potential.
"Role of Institutional Finance in Agriculture: A Case Study on Chittoor District of Andhra Pradesh"
P. Sunitha1; Dr. G.Ranganatham2; Prof.D. Anjaneyulu3Agriculture has an important role in India because of the grain sector's importance in the country's economy. The government has chosen critical industries that banks previously neglected for nationalisation as priority areas for mainstream banking. Priority areas were agriculture, small-scale and village industries, retail trade and small businesses, and small road operators (cars, rickshaws, bullock carts, and road carriers). Dualism describes the difficulty of agricultural financing in districts, such as loan provision, time frame, and farm credit market. The primary sources of household financing are Cooperatives, Regional Rural Banks (SGBs) and Commercial banks. This article examined the various agricultural financing sources accessible in the District and discussed methods to supply institutional credit in the District.
Improving Breast Cancer Detection through Advanced Machine Learning Techniques
Daizy Deb1, Ritam Rajak2, Soumyadeep Sil3, Avijit kumar Chaudhuri4, Nilav Darsan Mukhopadhyay5When it comes to the question of female death throughout the world, breast cancer plays a significant role due to which the female mortality rate is high. So, to address this crucial question effective methods are necessary to diagnose breast cancer in an early stage to do proper treatment. Here comes the application of emerging technologies in the form of machine learning. Machine learning shows promising significance in breast cancer prediction. To address these capabilities of machine learning a thorough focused research is needed. So, in this paper, we used four machine learning algorithms named Random Forest, Random Tree, J48, and Multilayer Perceptron. We applied those algorithms to the well-known Wisconsin Diagnostic dataset on Breast Cancer. After applying feature selection techniques named Information Gain, Gain Ratio, ReliefF, and OneR we used machine learning algorithms mentioned above with 10-fold cross-validation to the given dataset. Thus, we got only 8 features which are significant out of 32 features present in the original dataset to predict breast cancer’s presence in the human body. We also try to achieve high consistency, sensitivity, and specificity levels by exploring popular ensemble approaches of algorithms in machine learning. By writing this paper we want to establish a comprehensive framework to guide breast cancer prediction using decision-making trees for the benefit of humans.
Background: Sleep disturbances in infants are a common challenge, significantly impacting both infant well-being and caregiver mental health. The 5 S's technique—Swaddling, Shushing, Swinging, Sucking, and Side/Stomach positioning—offers a structured, non-pharmacological approach to improve sleep and reduce crying in infants. Objective: This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of the 5 S's technique in promoting sleep, calming infants, and reducing caregiver stress, based on evidence from 55 studies. Methods: A comprehensive literature search identified randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, cross-sectional analyses, and systematic reviews published between 2015 and 2024. Study populations included healthy, colicky, preterm, and NICU infants. Data on sleep outcomes, crying reduction, and caregiver stress were synthesized. Results: The findings demonstrate that the 5 S's technique is consistently effective in improving infant sleep onset, duration, and continuity. Swaddling reduced the Moro reflex and facilitated sleep, while shushing and swinging showed significant calming effects on over stimulated infants. Sucking enhanced self-soothing behaviors and stabilized sleep patterns. The combined use of the 5 S's was the most effective approach, especially for managing colic and fostering caregiver-infant bonding. Strengths: The reviewed studies featured diverse populations, robust methodologies, and practical applications in both clinical (e.g., NICU) and home settings. Limitations: Common limitations included small sample sizes, cultural variability in implementation, and limited follow-up periods to assess long-term outcomes. Conclusion: The 5 S's technique is a safe, accessible, and highly effective method for managing infant sleep disturbances and reducing caregiver stress. Training caregivers in proper implementation and conducting longitudinal studies to explore lasting benefits are recommended for future research
Sweet Corn: New Era Miracle Health Crop
Sushil Kumar1; Neeraj Kumar2; Sombir Singh3 & Vijay Kumar4; Suhana Rao5*Sweet corn (Zea mays L. convar. saccharata var. rugosa) also known as sugar corn is a hybridized maize variety with high sugar content and is regarded as the queen of cereals. It is treasured for its particular flavor, sweetness, and adaptability in culinary applications, and is widely used in a variety of forms, including fresh, frozen and processed, with industrial canning. Nutritional research reveals it has a high concentration of important vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and dietary fibers, all of which provide substantial health advantages. Phytochemical profiling uncovers a wide range of bioactive chemicals, such as phenolic acids, carotenoids and flavonoids, which contribute to antioxidant activity and possible medicinal uses. Sweet corn's high nutritional content contributes to a number of health advantages, including immune system stimulation, cardiovascular health, anemia prevention and neurological support. Particularly, ferulic acid, B vitamins, pantothenic acid, iron and beta carotene are among the major ingredients responsible for these health-promoting effects. In today's health-conscious societies, sweet corn is positioned as an emerging super food and appears as a valued dietary staple with promising health advantages. This article emphasizes sweet corn's numerous benefits, including its nutritional value, botanical significance and potential medical uses. It also emphasizes how crucial sweet corn is for human health and well-being.
The contemporary era is often referred to as a period defined by significant advancements in science, technology, information, and knowledge. This technological progress has led to the development of electronic devices and gadgets that promote library usage, making them accessible in nearly all educational institutions and universities. The growing availability of information online has notably influenced how people access and seek out information. Today, society has access to an overwhelming array of information, stored in various formats and locations, all consolidated in one place (Fidel et al., 1999). It is a well-established fact that, at present, the diversity and variety of information and electronic media available have expanded significantly, providing library users with a broad spectrum of options. The idea of information access patterns pertains to any actions taken by an individual that can be associated with identifying an information user who meets a specific perceived need. In these information access processes, any challenge that alleviates uncertainty is taken into account. This approach aims to clarify and acknowledge the presence of such ambiguity in personal endeavors. Individuals experience information access as a response to external ambiguities that stem from a perceived gap between their current situation and their desired goals, which they aim to fulfil. The research examines information, specifically the utilization of patterns, needs, and seeking behaviors. Information access patterns are areas of significant interest for librarians, faculty members, scholars, and scientists. This paper discusses a study addressing the information needs, the effectiveness of library resources and services, and the challenges faced by faculty and other users from selected universities in Andhra Pradesh.
A Study on Evaluation of Training Programme at HIPA, Shimla
Dolly MallaEvaluation concerned with determination of change in staff behavior and fulfilled the desired change required in organization structure. This study was basically for the Evaluation of Internal Validation of Training Programme on Office Communication Skills: Noting and Drafting” held from 9.01.2023 to 11.01.2023 conducted at HIPA Shimla. The training programme was conducted for the Gazetted and Non-Gazetted officials of the State Government. The aim of evaluation was to find out that whether the training programme able to achieve their objectives in terms of cost incurred and benefits achieved. The data was collected though feedback form designed for the participants. The findings show that training courses is below the standard level and reaction, learning, behaviour and organizational levels need to be improved. The study showed that the training programme designed for the participants needed to be improved through implementation of optimizing training design, redefining training roles, attention to individual, job and organizational needs, motivation mechanism, and summative evaluation.
Background: Erosion caused by carbonated beverages can reduce the surface microhardness of enamel and restorative materials. Adding calcium glycerophosphate (CaGP) to carbonated beverages may help mitigate these effects. Aims: To evaluate the effect of carbonated beverages with and without calcium glycerophosphate on the surface microhardness of enamel and glass ionomer cement (GIC). Materials and Methods: Twenty enamel blocks (2×3×4 mm) prepared from 10 extracted premolars and 20 GIC pellets (10 mm diameter, 2 mm height) were analysed. Initial surface microhardness was measured using a Vickers microhardness tester. Samples were divided into four groups: Group I: Enamel in carbonated beverage. Group II: Enamel in carbonated beverage with CaGP. Group III: GIC in carbonated beverage. Group IV: GIC in carbonated beverage with CaGP. Samples underwent immersion in solutions five times daily for 10 minutes, stored in artificial saliva between cycles, for seven days. Post-immersion microhardness was measured. Statistical analysis used: Paired and independent t-tests were applied. Results: Significant reduction in surface microhardness occurred in Groups I and III (p<0.001). Groups II and IV, with CaGP, showed no significant reduction. Conclusion: Adding 10mM CaGP to carbonated beverages effectively minimized surface microhardness loss in enamel and GIC.
India-Telangana-Socio Economic Disparties in Education - from 1947- 2024
*1Dr. M. Ravi; 2Dr. T. Sathish; 3P. Vandana; 4Medari AkshayaTo improve literacy and education percentage in India initially begins in the year of 1947. Many education policies are implemented in India to improve innocent people knowledge. Recently in India government introduced a new policy, National Education Policy – 2020 [NEP-2020] in the year of 2019 and planed to implement from 2020. But unfortunately due to Covid-19 pandemic situations, the government postponed it to year 2022 but implement partially. The central cabinet of India issued amendment in 2023, after 34years changed education policy and fully fledgy implement in the year of 2025 as NEP-2020. Based on that many innovative are invented, adopted and implemented from the school level to higher education. This is exclusively exposes great features and affects, existing education policies in India by focusing on NEP-2020, According to NEP-2020 from 2024-25 onwards NO DETENTION method cancelled for 5th and 8th classes.
The Role of Emotional Intelligence in Organizational Change and Adaptation
Mrs. Navya S T1; Dr. Ramesh Chandrahasa2This study examines the role of Emotional Intelligence (EI) in organizational change, focusing on its impact on employee engagement, adaptability, and resistance to change. Using a mixed-method approach, the research combines quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to explore how EI influences organizational transitions. The results show a strong positive correlation between high EI and increased employee engagement and adaptability, with EI as a significant predictor of successful change adaptation. Qualitative insights reveal that emotionally intelligent leaders foster smoother transitions by demonstrating empathy and effective communication, reducing employee resistance and anxiety. The findings highlight the importance of developing EI in leaders and employees to enhance change management outcomes and promote a more resilient and adaptable workforce.
Antibacterial Efficacy of Medicinal Plant Extracts against Food Associated Bacteria
Yukta Chadha1, Ram Kumar Pundir2, *Rajesh Yogi2Background: The growing concern of antibiotic resistance and the pressure for safer methods of food preservation renew interest in the antibacterial properties of medicinal plants. This paper presents a screening exercise carried out on the antibacterial activity of 9 selected medicinal plants against food associated bacteria namely, Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli. The potential of these plants to act as natural antibacterial agents was compared with the efficacy of chemical preservatives and antibiotics. In this context, an attempt was made to extract the phytochemical composition through the most potential extracts. Result: The agar well diffusion method was carried out to test the antibacterial efficacy in extracts of Jamun, Black Pepper, Marigold, Bel Patra, Saunth, Sauf, Cinnamon, Timur, and Mulethi. Antibacterial activity of various extracts against E. coli and B.cereus: Only the extracts of Jamun and Cinnamon showed very high inhibitory activities against both E. coli and B. cereus whereas there were no inhibition zones in case of the chemical preservatives like acetic acid and benzoic acid. Gentamycin showed maximum inhibitory activity against both test bacteria followed by chloramphenicol and erythromycin. Bacillus cereus was sensitive against all tested antibiotics. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of ethanolic extract of Jamunwas estimated to be 2.5% (w/v) i.e. 25mg/ml against E. coli and 1.25% (w/v) i.e. 12.5mg/ml against B. cereus.The combination of ethanolic extract Jamun and Cinnamon extracts againstE. coli showed synergistic activity with a zone of inhibition of 22 mm. Conclusion: The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, phytosterols, triterpenes, phenols, flavonoids in Jamun ethanolic extract and absence of carbohydrates, proteins, and amino acid. The findings suggest that extracts of Jamun and Cinnamon could work as natural preservatives against chemicals, opening some promising avenues for enhancing food safety and extending shelf life by inhibiting harmful bacteria.
Background: Assessing the quality of life in of bipolar disorder remitted patients isrequired to devise suitable therapy for further improvement. That is why this study was conducted. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty patients and control were selected free from comorbid conditions. Cross sectional study design was used. Semi structured proforma, General health questionnaire, HAM-D, YMRS, WHO-QOL-Bref scale, PSLES, Daily Hassles scale and MSPSS were used. Results: There mean age was 46.5 and 32.5 years for male and female patients respectively. The socio-demographic data showed males were 62%, married 64% ,82% BPD were from joint family and 54% had 10th standard education with low income. The duration of illness was 11.9 in males and 10.1 years in females, while the age of onset of illness showed a significant difference of 26.9 and 22.8 years in males and females respectively. No difference was observed in number of episodes and life events scores between males and females. No gender variation in Hassles scale and YMRS score in BPD patients. There was a significant low score of 1.9 for females and 2.8 for males were recorded. In WHOQOL-Bref scale score, males and females differed significantly and the per cent reduction was 40,50,35 and 33 for the males and 50,61, 40 and 37 for females in physical, psychological, social and environmental domains. Regarding MSPSS score, females (24.2) had significantly less support than males (28.2). Hassles and HAM-D scores had significant negative correlation on all the four domains of QOL. Conclusion: The QOL of BPD patients still low and they may require additional therapy and support.
Benzimidazole derivatives have garnered interest as potential therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease due to their diverse pharmacological properties and ability to interact with biological targets implicated in the disease's pathology. These compounds exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, which are crucial in combating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, both of which play significant roles in Alzheimer's progression. Molecular hybridization is related to a combination of two or more pharmacophores of bioactive frames which generate a single molecular structure with enhanced activity. Previous studies described the Benzimidazole framework as a central structure in numerous synthetic and natural compounds, showing a wide range of biological activities. Here, we review, highlight and discuss a detailed account of the Anti-Alzheimers applications of some important benzimidazole-containing hybrid heterocycles.
People with normal hearing can easily perceive sounds, understand spoken language, and engage in communication. However, individuals with hearing impairments face challenges in hearing spoken words, which can hinder effective interaction and overall development. Hearing impairment affects speech and language development, academic success, and social integration. Early identification and intervention are crucial to addressing these challenges. Collaborative practices—combining the efforts of educators, speech therapists, and families—are essential to advancing verbal communication skills in children with hearing impairments. Adapting the curriculum to meet the educational needs of children with hearing impairments promotes inclusivity and supports both academic and non-academic skills. This study, conducted in a special school in Coimbatore with 15 participants, evaluated the impact of collaborative intervention on various factors such as age, gender, and the type and degree of hearing loss. The study aimed to assess children’s verbal communication skills, create a tailored enhancement package, and measure its effectiveness in fostering communication development. The research tested whether verbal communication skills improved before and after the intervention, considering demographic variables. The findings revealed significant improvements in communication skills and overall development, demonstrating the effectiveness of collaborative intervention in advancing verbal communication. These efforts empower children with hearing impairments, enabling them to reach their full potential and thrive across various aspects of life.
The study aims to identify the effect of digital inclusion initiative by governments on individual digital consumption usage with a focus on identifying the differences between rural and urban population. Based on a sample of 390 respondents randomly selected from two districts of Gujarat state in India, the present study aims to identify the relationship between population demographics and digital usage. The study also explores the differences that exist between rural and urban population using chi square tests.Major findings indicate uniformity across different demographics in digital usage in urban areas, while there are stark differences among certain demographics in the rural areas. Differences were also found between the rural and urban population in terms of the digital usage.The present study has policy implications for the implementation of digital inclusion initiatives. Moreover, these insights can be used to understand the effectiveness of these initiatives by focusing the specific needs of rural populations and reducing differences in digital access and usage.This study adds to the limited empirical research on the effects of digital inclusion initiatives, particularly in the context of rural-urban comparisons. It highlights valuable insights into how demographic factors impact digital consumption and the ongoing challenges of achieving digital equity across varied regions.
Isolation and Identification of Pisium Sativum Rhizospheric Bacteria
Shiwali Bisht1; Harsha Sharma2"Microbial Consortia"—groups of microorganisms—can do amazing feats. The field of agriculture might greatly benefit from the usage of microorganisms. Furthermore, combining them all makes them more effective. They would provide further advantages through their respective and reciprocal metabolic processes. Our goal is to separate a few possible microorganisms with various characteristics, such as the capacity to produce indole-acetic acid, mobilize potash, solubilize phosphate, and exhibit siderophore activity. These isolates could be used to create microbial consortia and formulations that work well as biofertilizers to progress the sector of agriculture. When attached to seeds, plant surfaces, or soil, biofertilizer—also known as bio-compost—contains living microorganisms that colonize the rhizosphere, or inside of the plant, and promote development by increasing the host plant's access to or supply of vital nutrients. Biofertilizers are supplements made using the standard processes of solubilizing phosphorus, obsessing over nitrogen, and combining chemicals that promote plant growth. As plants develop, soil microbial communities engage with them in the plant rhizosphere. They also interact more indirectly through plant litter, which offers resources and habitat to a wide variety of soil species.
Background and objectives: There have been various modalities to treat growing Class III patients with maxillary deficiency, one of the them being Tandem Traction Bow appliance(TTBA). Patient compliance is better with this appliance since it is more comfortable and esthetic. Good clinical results have been seen, but these have not been reported.Hence, the purpose of this study was to make a detailed evaluation of hard and soft tissue changes with TTBA in the non-cleft and the cleft growing Class III individuals. Methods: The treatment group (group I), which comprised ten children (mean age - 8.9 years) with skeletal Class III relationships caused by maxillary retrognathism, was compared with another group (group II) of ten children (mean age - 8.5 years) treated using the Reverse pull head Gear(RPH) and with the untreated control group (group III). Pre and post-treatment lateral cephalograms were traced and analyzed. The differences were compared using the student’s paired t-test. Group I and group II were compared by using unpaired t-test. Results: After maxillary protraction, statistically significant anterior movement of the maxilla occurred with an increase in the angle SNA (+2.5°), Maxillary length (+3.6mm) and angle ANB (+3.9°), and anterior movement of A point (3.1mm). Maxillary incisors moved in anterior direction, whereas the mandibular incisors moved posteriorly, which is indicated by Upper incisor to SN (+2°) and Lower incisor to Mandibular plane (-1.9°) respectively.Mandibular changes were non-significant with respect to the angle SNB. Vertical relationship increased minimally with the TTBA. The Class III concave profile became more balanced, with the upper lip area becoming more marked. The TTBA appliance results in a significant improvement of the dentofacial complex that is comparable to or more than the improvement obtained by the RPH. In comparison with the control group, the maxillary length, angle SNA and the angle of facial convexity increased in the patients treated with the TTBA. Conclusion: TTBA is a valuable alternative in treating growing Class III patients with maxillary deficiency, as it promotes patient compliance and is more esthetic and comfortable than the extraoral appliances. Clinical implications: The TTBA is an effective, esthetic, efficient, intraoral semi-fixed functional appliance.It can be used effectively in the treatment of growing skeletal Class III malocclusions whose Class III is on account of mid-facial deficiency.
The Prevalence of varicose veins varies geographicallyit’s reported that globally about 2%–73% of the population is affected. Varicose veins may become more severe over time and can lead to complications. It should be highlighted that functionality and quality of life are closely linked phenomena since individuals with Chronic venous insufficiency have lower Quality of life as their functional capacity and physical activity levels decline, affects the disease's prognosis and great impact on subjects quality of life, limiting daily activities, functional performance it can cause symptoms that result in complications which can have a negative influence on subjects quality of life. Objective of the Study: To evaluate the effects of Buerger’s exercise versus Manual lymphatic drainage on Pain using visual analogue scale, Functional capacity using 6 min walk test, Oedema using pitting oedema grades, and Quality of life using chronic venous insufficiency quality of life questionnaire in subjects with varicose veins. Methodology: The Study Design was Experimental Study and the Study Type was Randomized clinical trial.The Duration ofData collection for 6 Months. The study was Non-Probabilitysampling design study and the Sampling Technique was Convenient this study included the Target population of Subjects 35-55 years of age diagnosed with Varicose veins. Results: Analysis of the data was done using Paired “t” for the pre to post-test comparison of visual analogue scale, six-minute walk test, and CIVIQ-20; irrespective of groups.There was a difference (p < 0.05) in visual analogue scale, six-minute walk test, and CIVIQ-20; from pre-test to post-test. Conclusion: This study concluded that there is effect of lymphatic drainage on symptoms in subjects with Varicose Veins than that of the burger’s exercises.
Introduction: In recent decades, the prevalence of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) has increased globally, becoming a significant cause of nephrotic syndrome. While rituximab (RTX) has been proven effective in treating pediatric FSGS, its administration in adults requires further evidence. Objectives: We studied the administration of RTX in adult-onset FSGS both steroid-dependent (SD) and steroid-resistant (SR). Patients and Methods:We conducted a single-centre retrospective, observational study from January 2018 to December 2023. Patients aged over 18 years with primary FSGS both steroid-dependent and steroid-resistant treated with rituximab were included in this study. The RTX dose used was either 500 mg or 1000 mg. Results: This study included 12 adult patients with biopsy-confirmed primary FSGS, with an equal gender distribution and a mean age of 36.8 ± 9.21 years. Of these, 6 (50%) were steroid-dependent, and 6 (50%) were steroid-resistant. The overall remission rate (partial remission+complete remission) at 3, 6, and 12 months was 75%, 66.7%, and 58.4%, respectively. Renal function remained stable in patients who responded to therapy. The first relapse occurred at 16 months and 6 months in steroid-dependent and steroid-resistant patients, respectively, following RTX administration. During follow-up, all three steroid-resistant patients who did not respond to RTX developed end-stage renal disease, with one death. Conclusion: Rituximab was effective in treating adult steroid-dependent FSGS and may also be beneficial in steroid-resistant FSGS. However, further prospective research is needed to determine the role of RTX dosing and retreatment strategies in both steroid-dependent and steroid-resistant FSGS.
Background/aim: Dental students' learning approaches and perceptions of their educational environment vary across different academic years. The present study aimed to analyze dental students' learning approaches and their perception of the educational environment across four years of education. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based descriptive study among 354 Bachelor of Dental Surgeon (BDS) students from all four academic years of a medical institution from February to March 2024. We used the ASSIST (Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students) short-form questionnaire to analyze the learningapproaches and the DREEM (Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure) questionnaire to analyze perceptions of the educational environment. Self-administered Google Forms were used to collect data, which was analyzed using descriptive statistics and compared between groups with unpaired t-tests. Results: Third-year students demonstrated the highest deep learning approach (mean 24.67 ± 2.74), while strategic learning approaches showed an improvement in the second year (mean 22.95 ± 4.10) and then declined in the fourth year. The mean score of the surface approach remained stable across the years. Gender-based analysis showed that females used more strategic approaches than males (p = 0.042). The students attributed the highest confidence in the DREEM score to their academic self-perception (63.9%) and the lowest confidence to their social perception (52.17%). The overall DREEM score of 121/200 (50.5%), which was within the range of 101-150, is suggestive of a more positive educational environment than negative. Conclusion: The ASSIST and DREEM analyses reveal certain areas that require improvement, including student-centered teaching approaches, supportive educational environments, improved communication and stress management resources. This will help to improve knowledge retention and clinical skills, thereby directly improving the quality of patient care among dental students.
As a result of the country’s many different languages and social systems, India has developed a deep and resilient system of social stratification based on language. It’s fascinating to observe how social behaviors are reflected in various linguistic usages, a wide range of categorization systems, and the ensuing linguistic combination. One of the languages listed as being in risk of extinction is the Galo language, which is spoken in Arunachal Pradesh. The Galo language features a unique tone system and a variety of dialects. This review article focuses on discussing a sociolinguistic analysis of linguistic diversity observed in Galo Language. The discussion has been employed in a descriptive approach of research and explores how language and society interact, as well as Galo language, linguistic change in Galo language due to social influences, and voice recognition of Galo language using Praat software. It was comprehended that the endangered Galo language possesses linguistic variation based on the geographical level along with the necessity to grow the language usage among the community level.
Introduction: The willingness of young adults to undergo regular dental check-ups is critical for the early detection and prevention of oral disease. Objective:This study aims to explore the factors Influencing Young Adults Willingness to Undergo Regular Dental Check-Ups. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 young adults aged 18-25years to explores the demographic, behavioral, and psychosocial factors influencing young adults’ decisions to attend regular dental check-ups. Pre validated Structured questionnaire of Health belief model was used. Results:58.5% were males in the age group of 24-25 years (41.5%). 34% agreed that they were at a risk of disease in coming one year. Conclusion: This study results indicated that gender, recent dental consultations,self-rated oral health status, and perceived benefits significantly impact the willingness to seek regular dental check-ups. Insights from this research can guide targeted interventions to improve oral health behaviors among young adults.