Effectiveness of Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana towards Sustainable Living for Indian Households
1Aruna Kumar Dash, 2Debajani SahooIn this study, we attempted to critically examine the effectiveness of Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana(PMUY) in Indian households. This study is relevant to the contemporary world as it addresses critical issues such as public health, environmental sustainability, and social equity. By encouraging the adoption of LPG instead of traditional biomass fuels, PMUY greatly decreases indoor air pollution, leading to improved health outcomes for women and children. It also supports environmental goals by minimizing deforestation and carbon emissions. Furthermore, the program empowers women by freeing up time previously spent on fuel collection, thus enhancing their economic opportunities. The findings of this paper could provide important guidance for improving policies and institutions that facilitate a socially inclusive shift to cleaner energy in rural communities.
An Operating System for the Rise of AI Technology
Dr. Surekha Lanka1, Latifa Amar Al-Nadhdy2 , Nan Su Yee Htike3This research paper explains the importance of operating systems for Artificial Intelligence based systems and as we are aware that AI technology growing fast and many of them trying to adapt the new technology to make their tasks easier. So, in this paper we will be explaining how operating systems could support and make AI computing better in terms of performance, security, and efficiency. Any system collaborating with AI to enhance users' experience and optimize the performance of system. It specifies the software system pledged for management of software and hardware resources. This paper aims to understand exactly what AIOS is and what are the required features that make AIOS, not only that but also get to know what it means for the future of artificial Intelligence based operating systems in various fields. Eventually more clearly understanding on what the current performance of AIOS and its framework and concentrates deeper into why AI-enhanced operating systems are essential for bringing new ideas and better performance to computer processes.
Factors Contributing to Maternal Health Challenges in Kolkata's Slums
1Ms Emeli Ghosh, 2Mr Sudipta Das, 3Dr Shweta Meshram, 4Mr Prateek SinghThe Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA) is a government initiative in India aimed at improving maternal health by providing free, comprehensive antenatal care, especially in underserved areas. This study examines the program’s implementation and impact in urban slums, where overcrowding, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, and socioeconomic barriers create significant challenges for accessing quality maternal care. By evaluating PMSMA’s reach and effectiveness in these areas, the study seeks to identify ways to enhance maternal health interventions and reduce maternal and infant mortality rates in high-need urban slum populations.
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Reading Memory in the Select Poems of Dylan Thomas
Dr.Chandrima Sen & Prof. Pradip Kumar PatraThe 19th-century Welsh poet, Dylan Thomas is a prolific poet of his time. He is well known for delineating his emotional self.His poems ascertain the trajectory of life and living, hope and aspiration, time and place, nostalgia and memory and death and dying. The most significant aspect of his poetry appears to be the re-association and reorientation of his past. This particular paper concentrates on the select poems namely “A Poem in October” (1944) and “Do not Go Gentle into that Good Night” (1951) where there is a spontaneous growth of time past and time present. His childhood innocence and youthful vigour occupy a special place in his poetry. The element of time sets to unite his thoughts with his actions. His poems represent the correlation between the self and the individual. The paper attempts to reread memory as one of the dominant aspects of his poetry. The poet urges to show the binary between self and individual, society and habitat and family and culture. He associates himself with his regulatory nature in accepting memory as the earmark of his poems. His poetic persona resonates between memory and recollection. This paper sets out to explore the idea of memory as a contemplating agent that strives as the primary advocate of all human perception. The paper also concentrates on locating memory in its corporeal state.
The Gravitational Pull of Leadership: How Leadership Traits Resonate in Organizational Dynamics
Dr. Debdip Khan1, Dr. Sudatta Banerjee1This paper explores leadership traits through the lens of gravitational theory, proposing that effective leadership operates similarly to gravitational forces, creating an attractive force that aligns individual goals with organizational objectives. By drawing an analogy between gravitational attraction among celestial bodies and leadership’s influence on organizational members, this study examines how a leader’s “gravitational pull” encourages cohesion, motivation, and goal alignment within teams. Using theoretical constructs such as mass (individual potential), distance (industrial relations), and gravitational force (leadership influence), this research highlights how leaders play a central role in binding organizational elements, thus maximizing overall performance level.
The abilityof machines to carryout tasks that ordinarilyrequire human intelligence is known as artificial intelligence. AI has been included into all dental specialties like periodontics, prosthodontics, endodontics, oral & maxillofacial surgery, etc. Most AI applications in dentistry are focused on diagnosing problems based on radiographic or optical images; other activities are less suitable than image-based jobs because of limitations in data availability, data consistency, and processing capacity to handle 3D data. In a similar vein, ongoing researchisconductedinthefieldofperiodonticstomeasurevariousaspectssuchasboneloss and the quantity of plaque present. This review aims to help periodontists better comprehend AI as a tool to support their normal job with increased efficiency.
Analyzing Media Literacy Skills in Teacher Trainees: An Extensive Study
Bisini P SThe study aimed to evaluate the media literacy competencies of teacher trainees, focusing on the overall sample and specific subject-wise subgroups. Key objectives included determining the media literacy levels across the entire sample and within individual subject groups, assessing the percentage of student teachers with various media literacy levels, and examining differences in media literacy competencies among subject groups.A representative sample of teacher trainees from various graduate-level education programs participated, encompassing students from Commerce, English, Malayalam, Mathematics, Natural Science, Physical Science, and Social Science. Data was collected using the Media Literacy Scale and the findings revealed a high level of media literacy among all teacher trainees and across subject groups. Component-wise analysis also indicated high proficiency in areas such as source evaluation, media message analysis, understanding media ownership and control, digital literacy and privacy, media production, critical thinking and reflection, and media literacy in a social context. Among the subjects, Natural Science students scored the highest, while Physical Science students scored the lowest.The results suggest that teacher training programs effectively incorporate media literacy education, preparing future educators to engage critically with media. Ensuring uniformly high standards across all subjects will help in maintaining the effectiveness of media literacy education in teacher training programs.Overall, this study underscores the critical importance of media literacy in contemporary education and demonstrates that current teacher training programs are successfully equipping trainees with essential media literacy skills. Integrating media literacy into teacher education, providing ongoing professional development, and fostering collaborative learning environments are essential steps in preparing educators to navigate and teach in a media-rich world.
CNN-Based Terrain Mapping for Agriculture: Improving Land Use and Crop Management
1Deborah T. Joy, 2Priyanka Vashisht, 3Anvesha Katti,4Rajesh Kumar SalujaArtificial intelligence has been keeping up with the fast-pacing world of agricultural innovations both conceptually and theoretically.In the more recent developments in AI, it has been noticed that artificial intelligence is presently dealing mostly with the discovery and not the distance mapping process concerning viable resources, and so, with a stronger functional perspective, the authors have made attempts towards AI-based systems that could potentially augment the meticulousness of the AI developmental aspect where fallow land needs dealing.Given a vertical mapping of ground data with the help of satellite images, land use can be identified adding onto this a horizontal mapping using RGB frames stands to improve model performance to determine if a given area of land is feasible for agricultural development. The paper proposes a CNN model that can interpret and categorize agricultural area based on GIS data. The primary application of this research is to facilitate farm land use cases to improve productivity and land viability.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Cyber Security in Digital Environments
Mrs. Pooja P R1, Dr. Shashidhar R2In the face of escalating cyber threats, the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into cybersecurity frameworks has emerged as a crucial strategy for enhancing protection in digital environments. This paper examines the transformative role of AI technologies, including machine learning, natural language processing, and behavioral analytics, in strengthening cybersecurity measures. We identify critical areas where AI may greatly enhance threat detection, incident response, and overall system resilience through a thorough literature study and case studies of businesses that have effectively deployed AI-driven solutions. Our findings indicate that AI enhances the ability to predict and mitigate threats in real time, reducing response times and minimizing human error. Furthermore, the paper discusses the implications of AI adoption for organizational policies, workforce training, and ethical considerations in cybersecurity practices. By highlighting both the opportunities and challenges related with AI in cybersecurity, this research contributes to the ongoing discourse on securing digital infrastructures against increasingly sophisticated cyber threats.
Free Speech vis-a-vis Freedom of Religion in India: A Conundrum
Ms. Srutakirti Panda & Dr. Madhubrata MohantyWith the motto of ‘Unity in Diversity’ within religious multiplicity, India recognises an inclusive list of religions including Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, Jainism, Judaism, and Bahaism. In order to maintain ‘secularism’, the Indian Constitution ensures its citizens freedom to practice, profess and believe in any religion. But the disharmony triggers when religious freedom of certain individuals gets affected by ‘hate speech’ made by some others under the cover of free speech. Though ‘hate speech’ is never a part of free speech, still in the absence of any clear description of the same in any statute, the miscreants often try to misuse it in disturbing the peaceful social fabric. The purpose: This paper has tried to explore the factors responsible for inciting such disturbances. This paper further analysed the legal provisions and judicial decisions on free speech and freedom of religion, the poor enforcement of existing laws and loopholes in the socio-legal system those need reformation. Methodology: Both doctrinal and non-doctrinal method of study has been adopted here. The primary data gathered through collection of responses from different groups by circulation of questionnaire. The secondary data collected through journal articles, books, judicial decisions and online sources. The results: The researcher has provided the entire findings of the survey as well as suggested for certain timely modifications to overcome the situation after analysing the collected data. Conclusion: In conclusion, the researcher suggested for amendments in the existing statutes with stringent penalties for ‘hate speech’ to maintain harmony in the society.
Gelatine, a widely used product in food, pharmaceuticals, paper production, and photography, has safe applications but poses environmental risks due to its intermediate by-products, ossein and dicalcium phosphate. Improper disposal practices by some gelatine production facilities release these pollutants into aquatic environments, creating serious ecological concerns. This study investigates the histopathological and biochemical effects of ossein and dicalcium phosphate on the liver and muscle tissues of the freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus. Ossein and dicalcium phosphate, prepared from bone powder, were introduced to the water of the experimental tanks for nine consecutive days. Key water quality parameters (salinity, dissolved oxygen, dissolved CO?, and pH) were monitored in both groups. After exposure, liver and muscle tissues were analyzed for histopathological and biochemical changes. Histological examinations using hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed significant necrosis and disorganization of hepatocytes, while histochemical analyses indicated protein degradation. Biochemical assessments demonstrated increased glucose levels in muscle tissues, suggesting a compromised glycolytic process. Collectively, these changes resulted in abnormal behavior, homeostatic imbalances, reduced mobility, and eventual mortality in both ossein and dicalcium phosphate exposure groups. Bioaccumulation adds another layer of concern, amplifying the ecological threat. Addressing this issue requires enforceable regulations and sustainable waste treatment methods to safeguard aquatic ecosystems.
Synthesis of 2-Nitroimidazole Derivatives with Oxazinone Moieties
Dr.Sarita Bansal1 , Dr.Purnima Verma2An efficient methodology employing for the preparation of 2-nitro -imidazole derivatives containing 1,3 -oxazinone as a functional moiety by a one pot three component reaction of substituted phenol, substituted aromatic aldehydes and urea / thiourea under microwave conditions has been presented.All the synthesized products were characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopy.Various imidazole-containing compounds have been tested for their medical usefulness in clinical trials for several disease conditions. The rapid expansion of imidazole-based medicinal chemistry suggests the promising and potential therapeutic values of imidazole-derived compounds for treating incurable diseases. Oxazinones are highly significant pharmacophoric scaffolds with a broad spectrum of biological activities, making them a vital class of compounds in medicinal chemistry. Various synthetic routes have been explored in the literature for producing aromatic oxazinones, showcasing the versatility of these compounds. Aromatic oxazinones were first synthesized in 1944 by Holly and Cope through Mannich reactions, utilizing phenols, formaldehyde, and amines. This pioneering work laid the foundation for further exploration of oxazinone derivatives in pharmaceutical applications. Over time, these heterocyclic compounds have garnered attention for their role as precursors in the synthesis of phosphinic ligands, which are widely employed in asymmetric catalysis. Given their diverse biological activities and utility in drug design, aromatic condensed oxazinone derivatives are regarded as ‘Privileged structures’ within the realm of pharmaceutical compounds. Their significance continues to grow, cementing their place in the development of novel therapeutic agents and catalytic processes.
Revisiting the Bhopal Gas Tragedy: A Digital and Cinematic Reflection on Disability
MadhwiThe Bhopal gas tragedy of 1984, one of the world’s worst industrial disasters, continues to resonate in public memory through digital media and cinema. This paper explores how modern visual storytelling in web series like Human, depict the disaster, shedding light on the long-term effects on survivors. These depictions raise critical issues related to disability, corporate negligence, social injustice, and exploitation. By examining the transformation of tragedy into digital narratives, this study aims to understand how such portrayals help broaden societal awareness of the event's impact, both on the affected communities and wider global audiences. Moreover, this paper discusses how digital platforms have reshaped the conversation around historical tragedies, emphasizing the intersection of disability, mental health, and class struggles in the context of Bhopal.
Justice-involved youth and adolescents are more vulnerable to mental health issues. The ability to use different coping strategies decides whether any life situation will lead to excessive stress or not, and the probability of crime. Therefore, the present study aims to compare the experiences of childhood trauma, coping strategies and perceived stress among juvenile delinquents with the severity of crimes committed. After taking ethical clearance, standardized questionnaires (Perceived Stress Scale, COPE inventory and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) were conducted at Juvenile Observation Home at Siroli, Agra, India. These participants were divided into two groups based on the severity of the crime committed i.e. non-heinous crimes (punishment <7 years) and heinous crimes (punishment >7 years). Results revealed a significant positive correlation between childhood trauma and perceived stress among the non-heinous crime group (r=.253, p<0.05). Further, there were no differences concerning perceived stress, coping strategies and childhood trauma among the two groups. The psychology as well as the rationale behind any crime is not decided by the perceived stress or the coping strategy used. Temperament may play an important role in deciding the severity of crime committed by juveniles.
The investigation into black turmeric (Curcuma caesia) has yielded promising results across several analytical dimensions, highlighting its potential as a valuable natural resource. Phytochemical analysis revealed that black turmeric is rich in a diverse array of bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoids. These compounds are known for their therapeutic properties, suggesting that black turmeric could be a significant source of natural bioactive with potential health benefits. In antimicrobial testing, black turmeric extract demonstrated considerable activity against a range of pathogenic microorganisms, indicating its potential as a natural antimicrobial agent. This efficacy supports its application in developing new treatments or preventive measures for infections. Additionally, the antioxidant activity assays confirmed black turmeric’s strong ability to neutralize free radicals which is crucial in combating oxidative stress and related diseases. The observed high radical scavenging activity and favourable lethal values underscore its potential as a potent antioxidant. Collectively, these results underscore black turmeric's significant potential in various applications including pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and functional foods. The comprehensive data supports further research and development to fully explore and harness the therapeutic and preventive capabilities of black turmeric which could lead to valuable contributions to health and wellness
Mall Consumerism: Analysing Consumer Engagement
Vijayudu GnanamkondaThis study aims to comprehensively explore mall consumerism by investigating consumer attitudes and spending behaviours associated with shopping malls. It categorizes these attitudes into positive, negative, and neutral perspectives and employs qualitative methodologies to capture the real-life experiences of customers. The study primarily investigates the phenomenon of mall consumerism by examining consumers’ attitudes and spending behaviours concerning shopping malls. Focusing on this aspect, the research aims to uncover the underlying motivations and sentiments guiding consumer interactions within these retail environments. The main objective is to analyse the overarching landscape of mall consumerism. This analysis will involve categorizing consumer attitudes into three distinct categories. To achieve a comprehensive understanding of consumer behaviour in shopping malls, the study utilizes qualitative research methods. These methods include qualitative interviews and observational techniques, allowing the researcher to delve into the actual behaviours of various types of customers.
Due to Plumbago zeylanica own ecological features and environmental management applications, biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has become increasingly intriguing. Moreover, the green synthesis of AgNPs using Plumbago zeylanica aqueous extract—being a medicinal plant rich with bioactive compound—has been the main focused in this study The reduction of silver ion into nanoparticle was carried out with the aid of plant extract as Stabilizing and reducing agent., there are produced AgNPs without the involvement of any toxic chemical agent Build. The morphology, size, and crystal structure detection for synthesized AgNPs were characterized using fully automated X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The use of said AgNPs in environmental remediation, especially water treatment, is investigated. The bactericidal properties of AgNPs were tested against waterborne pathogens indicating that the formation of microbial biofilms can be prevented effectively since the number of viable microorganisms was significantly reduced. In addition, the similarity between the enzymes in various living systems resulted in high biological activity and function through a catalytic process as an aid to degrade organic pollutants which are inclusive of dyes and heavy metals. Furthermore, this green methodology for synthesizing AgNPs presents an economically and ecologically facile route for their large-scale production. Thus, Plumbago zeylanica-fabricated AgNPs can potentially help in mitigating environmental pollution; thus providing new strategies for pollution control measures and water treatment.
Background: Ketoconazole is an imidazole derivative employed for topical delivery and treating fungal infections and acne. Ketoconazole (KET) prevents ergosterol synthesis, increases membrane fluidity, and prevents fungal growth. Conventional antifungal medication has side effects for topical delivery, including itching, burning, reduced permeation, stinging, and poor bioavailability. The drawbacks and side effects of conventional topical formulations shifted the focus to formulating a nanosponges-based gel of Ketoconazole. The present research aimed to develop a Ketoconazole nanosponges-based gel for topical delivery. The formulated preparation will help improve side effects, retention time, solubility, bioavailability, and permeability. Methodology: KET nanosponges were fabricated using the emulsion solvent evaporation method. The prepared formulations were characterized for particle size, zeta potential, PDI, % DEE (drug entrapment efficiency), viscosity, and in vitro drug diffusion studies. Optimized formulation F6 containing Ketoconazole (100mg): E.C. (300mg), having stirring speed 1000rpm, internal phase volume 10ml (D.C.M.) showed promising results. Further optimized formulation F6 was incorporated into the gel base matrix of Carbopol 934 with different excipients. Fungal strains of Candida albicans were selected for the study using the agar plate method. In vivo studies of optimized formulation (F6) showed better results compared to the marketed formulation against C. albicans, and toxicity was reduced.Results: The prepared gel of Carbopol containing KET nanosponges met all physical characteristics and showed promising antifungal effects by inhibiting fungal growth. The zone of inhibition was measured and showed promising effects against C. albicans compared to the marketed formulation. Conclusion: The gel was highly effective against fungal strains and showed promising in vivo antifungal activity against C. albicans (ZOI: 11±0.89mm) in a dose-dependent manner compared to the marketed formulation (ZOI: 9±1.41mm). It further requires more research for topical delivery and to be involved in clinical trials.
This study presents a new, innovative exponential equation of state (EOS) that can be applied in different orders, from first through fourth, aiming to improve prediction accuracy across various levels of material compression. The significance of this new exponential EOS lies in its ability to accurately predict material behaviour under high compression, a crucial aspect in high-pressure physics. A thorough and detailed analysis compares this new exponential EOS to the well-known fourth-order Birch-Murnaghan EOS. The comparison shows that the exponential EOS matches and often outperforms the Birch-Murnaghan EOS, especially at higher compression levels. This is particularly important because the fourth-order exponential EOS proves highly accurate for materials like hexagonal close-packed (HCP) iron and sodium halides under high compression. In contrast, while the Birch-Murnaghan EOS performs adequately at lower compressions, it tends to deviate from experimental data as compression increases.Additionally, the study reviews the Shanker EOS. It acknowledges the work of M. Kumar and colleagues, who noted its limitations at high compression levels and proposed necessary parameter adjustments for different materials. These issues have been addressed by the new fourth-order exponential EOS, which is more adaptable and provides consistent and reliable results across both low and high-compression ranges, making it a valuable tool in high-pressure physics.
Practical Anesthesia Guidelines for Pediatric Daycare Surgery: An Update
Mahesh Nayak1; Sushma Thimmaiah Kanakalakshmi2Daycare surgery for children is frequent, and recently even children with multiple comorbidities are undergoing increasingly difficult surgeries on a daycare basis. Compared to an overnight stay, in daycare surgery, the advantages for the child and their parents/caregivers are less interference with their regular routine, minimal emotional and psychological impacts. Daycare services are more economical for organizations and increase efficiency, however various crucial elements must be considered to provide top-notch pediatric daycare surgery services. This article addresses the key to a successful daycare surgery which includes a proper infrastructure, acceptable inclusion/exclusion standards, the need for a preoperative evaluation, optimum anesthetic management (induction, airway management, intraoperative monitoring, intravenous hydration, maintenance) and appropriate management of speculated postoperative complications. Even though there are stringent requirements for daycare procedures, the anesthetist must be mindful of handling each case independently.
Fibrotic lesions play a key role in conditions involving connective tissue such as Scleroderma and Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSF), leading to the development of tissue similar to scars that limit function and raise the risk of complications. This review contrasts Scleroderma, an autoimmune disorder resulting in systemic fibrosis in various organs, with OSF, a condition mainly triggered by prolonged irritation and inflammation of the oral mucosa, commonly related to areca nut consumption. Both conditions are defined by gradual fibrosis, resulting in notable limitations in functionality and a substantial decline in quality of life for patients. Scleroderma's development includes a complicated combination of autoimmunity, genetic elements, and environmental factors, resulting in broad systemic impacts. On the other hand, the development of OSF is primarily centered around the oral cavity due to environmental factors, genetic susceptibility, and nutritional deficiencies. In terms of epidemiology, Scleroderma is more prevalent among women in their middle age around the world, whereas OSF mainly impacts younger men in South Asia. In clinical terms, Scleroderma is characterized by thickened skin and fibrosis of organs, while OSF is identified by trismus, mucosal blanching, and a risk of turning malignant. The review emphasizes the significance of recognizing the unique and common features of these conditions to enhance diagnostic precision and direct individualized treatment plans. The aim of this analysis is to improve treatment results and patient care for individuals with Scleroderma and OSF.
Introduction: Preterm infants face significant health challenges, particularly in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) environment, where sensory overload can stress their fragile physiological systems. Auditory interventions, such as maternal lullabies, have shown potential in improving physiological stability by mimicking in-utero sensory stimulation. Objective: This pilot study assessed the effects of maternal lullabies on respiratory rate, heart rate, and oxygen saturation in hemodynamically stable preterm, low birth weight neonates. Methods: Twenty neonates, born at 28-34 weeks' gestation and weighing 0.8-2.0 kg, were randomly assigned to an experimental group (maternal lullaby) or control group (routine care). Over three days, neonates were exposed to the maternal lullaby “Chanda Mama Dur Ke” for 20 minutes, and their physiological parameters were measured before, during, and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and statistical tests, including t-tests and ANOVA. Results: In the experimental group, the respiratory rate significantly decreased (p = 0.000) from 53.00 to 44.20 breaths per minute, heart rate reduced from 165.60 to 143.20 bpm (p = 0.000), and oxygen saturation increased from 90.00% to 95.40% (p = 0.000). The control group showed modest improvements, with less pronounced physiological changes. Conclusion: Maternal lullabies significantly improved respiratory rate, heart rate, and oxygen saturation in preterm neonates, suggesting that maternal auditory interventions could enhance neonatal care. Further research is recommended to explore the long-term benefits and broader applicability of this intervention in diverse neonatal populations.
Empowerment of Rural Women: Navigating Socio-Economic and Political Landscape
1Niranjna Bhandari; 2Dr.G.V.Snigdha Raj; 3Kumari Monika; 4Dr. Arvind RiturajEmpowering rural women is a critical issue, particularly in India, where two-thirds of the population lives in rural areas. Of India's 65.13 percent rural population, women make up 48.04 percent while men account for 51.96 percent. Given their significant percentage, the empowerment of women in rural regions is vital for the holistic development of families, communities, and the nation as a whole. There are three key dimensions of empowerment, namely social, economic, and political. The social pertains to women's participation in community and social decision making processes that facilitate their pro-active interaction within society. The economic encompasses women’s equal participation in the marketplace, their access to and control over productive resources and say in the economic decision making. The political dimension refers to women’s awareness and knowledge of political processes, political activism, and participation in decision making at the PRI levels. The study assumes that socioeconomic and political participation are crucial in the empowerment of rural women and in the reduction of gender inequality. The overwhelming majority of respondents supported the importance of these aspects in their overall life. They feel that with increasing pro-active participation, they anticipate that the process of empowerment of rural women will continue and they will advance further significantly.
Hit FM Radio Jingles on Corona-Virus and its Edutainment Values to Listeners in Calabar Municipality
1Dr. Anthony Nku Obi; 2Dr. Ekwok, Lawrence Nkpang; 3Dr. Nwanchor, Uchenna Alefia; 4Dr. Preslyobukoadata; 5Dr. Jude, Omaka Okoro; 6Dr. Joseph IkangkangThe research examined the educational and entertainment values of HitFm's radio jingles on Corona virus to listeners in Calabar Municipality. The result revealed that there is a significant influence of Hit Fm's radio jingles on Corona virus as edutainment to listeners in Calabar municipality. The findings of the study also revealed that jingles help in promoting people’s knowledge towards Corona virus in Calabar municipality. The findings equally revealed that there is a significant relationship between Hit Fm's radio jingles and Corona virus as edutainment to listeners in Calabar municipality. Under the theoretical framework, Cultivational Theory was adopted and was suitable for the study. The method used was the survey method and the instrument used was questionnaires. The study also proved that radio jingles help people to have a positive attitude towards Corona virus in Calabar municipality. It was therefore concluded that Hit Fm's radio jingles significantly have effect on Corona virus as edutainment to listeners in Calabar municipality of Cross River State. It was recommended that those responsible for handling health issues in other states of the federation should adequately embrace radio jingles to disseminate messages in view of its advantages over other media of communication.
Endemic Avian Species in the Riverine Region of Rohilkhand, Uttar Pradesh
Chanchal Shrivastav1, Manoj Joshi2, Shweta Gupta3, Priyanka Gangwar4, Shubhra Shukla5, and Rajesh kumar6Bareilly, situated in the Rohilkhand region of Uttar Pradesh, India, boasts a rich avian population that includes several endemic species. This project aims to comprehensively review the endemic species found in Bareilly, shedding light on their ecological significance, distribution patterns, and conservation status.Using a combination of field surveys of rivers, crops, populations, historical literature data, and expert consultation, this study identifies key endemic species such as the Rock pigeon (Columba livia), Common crow (Corvus splendens), Black kite (Milvus migrans), Indian Myna (Acridotherens tristis), Indian House sparrow (Passer domestics), River lapwing (Vanellusduvaucelii), Red-rumped swallow (Cerropisdaurica), Purple sunbird (Cinnyris asiaticus), Asian koel (Eudynamysscolopaceus), Asian green eater (Meropusorientalis), Jungle Babbler (Argya striata), Red-vented Asia bulbul (Pycnonotuscafer), and Common Indian hawk Cuckoo (Hierococcyxvarius), among others. These birds inhabit diverse habitats, including moist areas, aquatic habitats, grasslands, forests, and agricultural farms. It has been contemplated that these IndianAves define varieties are more abundant in natural habitats compared to urbanized areas.The findings of this project contribute to our understanding of the avian biodiversity in Bareilly and underscore the importance of conserving natural habitats to support endemic bird populations. Efforts to preserve these habitats are crucial for ensuring the continued survival of these species and maintaining the ecological balance of the region.
Background: Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is a severe autoimmune condition in which the body's immune system targets healthy nerve cells in the peripheral nervous system. This results in polyradiculoneuropathy, causing symptoms such as weakness, numbness, and tingling sensations, which may progress to paralysis. Inflammatory responses triggered by GBS can lead to elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in the body. Objective: The objective of this research was to examine the correlation between inflammatory markers, including CRP, Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and Platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and the clinical severity and electrophysiological results from nerve conduction studies in individuals diagnosed with GBS. Methodology: This study included 50 patients (33 male,17 female) who met the clinical criteria for GBS and were between10 to 70 years of age with a mean of 33.46 ± 12.25 years within the first 2 weeks of onset of illness were enrolled. Apart from the routine examination all the subjects underwent evaluation for the inflammatory markers enumerated, nerve conduction studies and assessment of their clinical severity. Results: The study group comprised 50 individuals with a mean age 36.28 ± 23.75 years (n = 33 males, 66%), with a male-to-female ratio of 1.9.The most prevalent form of nerve conduction abnormality was sensorimotor axonopathy, which affected 34% (17) of the patients. The severity of the disease was reflected in the elevated levels of serum CRP, NLR, and PLR. In addition to inflammatory markers, significant involvement of cranial nerves was strongly linked to severe disability in GBS patients. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that higher levels of serum CRP, NLR, and PLR are linked with several factors in GBS patients, including gastroenteritis, craniobulbar involvement, disability score, and the absence of motor and sensory nerve responses. These in turn have a negative impact on the clinical severity in GBS patients. Therefore, these surrogate inflammation markers can be used to prognosticate in subjects suffering from GBS.
Earth Science Education: Pedagogy, Practice, and Policy
1Ashutosh Rajpoot; 2Pawan Kumar SinghEarth Science Education (ESE) plays a crucial role in fostering scientific literacy within an informed community, particularly amidst today's pressing environmental challenges. The evolution of ESE has seen a shift from traditional descriptive sciences to a multidimensional, field-based approach that integrates climate dynamics, Earth-Sun relationships, environmental studies, and physical oceanography. This document explores the definition and relevance of ESE, highlighting pedagogical strategies such as constructivism, experiential learning, and hands-on activities, which enhance student engagement and understanding of complex earth systems. Additionally, it addresses the practical applications of ESE in real-world contexts, emphasizing the need for strong policy frameworks to support teaching standards and curriculum development. The document also underscores the importance of national and international initiatives to boost ESE. Ultimately, addressing systemic challenges in ESE is paramount for equipping future generations with essential knowledge and skills to navigate and solve Earth-related issues.
This paper mainly deals with finding an optimal solution for the transportation problem which is an important task in operation research. The Transportation Problem is concerned to minimize the transportation cost of the product from several sources to different destinations. In this paper a comparative analysis is carried out with different optimization methods to obtain a good optimal solution of transportation problem.
Diet, Disease and Death: A Statistical Analysis of the Condition of Prison in Colonial Bengal
Nivedita ChakrabortyCriminal activities increased during the late 18th and 19th centuries Bengal due to the changing political and socio-economic pattern. In Bengal, the ‘British Bridgehead’, colonial government facing the challenge of maintaining law and order and thus the smooth functioning of the government was disrupted badly. To curb it and enforced discipline, Prison was established by the British East India Company. While in England the new penal system was based on Bentham’s line, transformed prison into a ‘Reformative’ Character, in India the situation was different. ‘Panopticon’ was the guiding principle in England as well as in Europe. But in India the prisons were operated completely in a different way. The early prisons of Bengal had no basic infrastructure and amenities for the inmates. Lack of food, drinking water, medicine, proper ventilation caused high mortality within prison. Cholera, Malaria, Dysentery caused havoc behind the bar which finally forced the colonial government to initiate some reforms. But unfortunately those were bits and pieces and insufficient to handle the situation. From 1838 to 1919 various Prison Reforms Committees were formed. They recommended to start various reforms, specifically regarding the food quality and quantity for the inmates to cut down the death ratio caused by malnutrition. But little improvement achieved. Here Prison was ran by the Colonial Politico-economic imperatives. Power politics played an important role in India to reshape the existing penal system. Thus Prison became a perfect stage for the colonial masters to display their racial superiority by tormenting severe physical and mental pain over the convicts.
Background: Warfarin is a crucial anticoagulant for CVDs (mechanical valve replacement, atrial fibrillation, pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis). The complicated dosing schedules and frequent side effects of warfarin can negatively impact the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients. Objectives: To assess the overall health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among patients on warfarin therapy and to identify the predictors associated with variations in HRQoL, using the WHOQOL-BREF and EQ-5D-5L instruments. Methods: A one year prospective observational study was conducted at KIMS Al Shifa Super Speciality Hospital .The study evaluated the quality of life of 93 patients taking warfarin using WHO-BREF and EQ-5D-5L scales. Patients received counselling and informational leaflets, with their knowledge evaluated before and after counseling. The study analyzed HRQoL ratings using descriptive statistics, such as mean and standard deviation. SPSS software version 25 was utilized to identify predictors of these scores. Result: The average EQ-VAS score was 75.69 ± 9.57, and the average EQ-5D index was 0.87 ± 0.12. The physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains had mean WHOQOL-BREF domain ratings of 20.36 ± 2.89, 18.52 ± 2.41, 10.92 ± 19.64, and 29.40 ± 3.17, respectively. Age, comorbidities, work status, and patient knowledge all showed significant disparities in HRQoL scores. Conclusion: Scores from the WHOQOL-BREF and EQ-5D-5L indicate that age, comorbidities, employment status, and patient knowledge significantly impact HRQoL, highlighting the need for personalized management and education for long-term warfarin users.
Biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) has gained great interest as a simple and eco-friendly alternative to conventional chemical methods. In this study, SeNPs were synthesized by using aqueous extract of marine Algae Turbinaria conoides. The formation of SeNPs using aqueous extract of Turbinaria conoides was confirmed visually by color change and their surface plasmon resonance peak at 270 nm, measured by UV-visible spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy was used to determine the size and form of the synthesised SeNPs. The synthesised SeNPs had an average size of about 76 nm and were almost spherical in form. The functional groups present in SeNPs was analysed by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Antibacterial activity of SeNPs determined by an agar well diffusion assay demonstrated a significant activity against Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and BTurbinaria conoides. acillus subtilus.Antioxidant activity of synthesized SeNPs determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay and 2,20-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sufonic acid scavenging assayrevealed efficient results. Our findings demonstrate that aqueous extract of Turbinaria conoides is an effective reducing agent for synthesis of SeNPs with efficient antibacterial and antioxidant activities.