Reading is a fundamental skill in English language teaching (ELT) that plays a crucial role in both academic achievement and real-world communication. The ability to read proficiently enables learners to access vast amounts of information, engage with diverse perspectives, and develop critical thinking skills essential for success in both educational and professional contexts. In ELT, reading is not just about recognizing words on a page; it involves complex cognitive and linguistic processes that facilitate comprehension and meaning-making. This article explores key aspects of reading skill development, focusing on the interplay between cognitive and linguistic factors that influence learners’ ability to process and understand texts. It examines pedagogical approaches that enhance reading proficiency, including phonics instruction, extensive and intensive reading, and task-based learning. The discussion also highlights the challenges learners face in developing strong reading skills, such as limited vocabulary, lack of background knowledge, and difficulties with comprehension strategies. Moreover, this article presents evidence-based strategies that have been proven effective in ELT classrooms. It underscores the importance of motivation in fostering a positive reading culture and the role of metacognitive strategies in helping learners monitor their own comprehension. The integration of digital resources, including e-books, online reading platforms, and adaptive learning technologies, is examined as a means to support reading development and engagement. Grounded in theoretical perspectives and empirical research, this article provides valuable insights into best practices for teaching reading in ELT. By implementing effective instructional strategies, educators can equip learners with the necessary skills to become confident and independent readers. Future research should explore innovative methods to further enhance reading instruction and address the evolving needs of diverse learners in an increasingly digital world.