Tissue Conditioners in Prosthodontics - A Narrative Review
Dr. AnushaTissue conditioners are used to improve ill-fitting dentures and also to treat abused mucosal tissues underlying ill-fitting acrylic dentures. The loss of surface integrity and surface roughness of tissue conditioners is regarded as the main problem resulting in inflammation of the oral mucosa in denture-bearing areas. Tissue conditioners are soft relining materials that provide a cushioning effect to the underlying tissues and thereby heal the abused tissues of inflammation and pain. Tissue conditioners are a mixture of polymer powder and plasticizer liquid. Conditioning the tissues also heals them by therapeutically providing antibacterial and antifungal properties.
Aim: To evaluate stress and displacement in the maxillary arch, during intrusion and retraction after extraction using extra radicular (IZC screws) and intra radicular screws (miniscrews). Objectives: To evaluate the stress and displacement on the maxillary dentition, To evaluate the stress on the periodontal ligament, To evaluate the effects of varying situations and combinations, including single and two miniscrews, as well as different heights of the power arm. Method: A model of maxillary dentition along with its surrounding craniofacial region was constructed and finite element analysis was carried out on the model. Various scenarios were simulated involving the use of power arms of different positioned above and below the wire during the intrusion and retraction of the maxillary arch with a force of 100g for intrusion and 200g for retraction. Two combinations of miniscrews were utilized, either a single miniscrew or two miniscrews, in conjunction with IZC screw. Result: Application of force resulted in stress and deformation in teeth which varied with height of power arm. Stress and displacement was maximum at power arm height 4mm above the archwire. More intrusive movement was observed at power arm levels below the archwire and counterclockwise movements at power arm levels above the archwire. Stress on PDL increased with increase in height of power arm with maximum stress at 4mm above the archwire. Stress on periodontal ligament is more when single miniscrew is used than two miniscrews and stress distribution was seen to be more on the cervical aspect of Pdl during simultaneous intrusion and retraction. Conclusion: Stress and displacement depend on the level of power arm above and below the archwire. Stress on PDL is less than stress on the dentition in both scenarios. Depending on the type of tooth movement desired, position of the power arm should be altered during simultaneous intrusion and retraction.
Fluorine is an element of the 17th group in the periodic table, which is highly reactive due to its small size. Fluorine is the first element of the halogen group. It is found in groundwater in the form of fluoride ion. Fluoride ion is beneficial for teeth and bones in low concentrations. A concentration of 0.6 mg/liter of fluoride prevents tooth decay and makes the enamel safe and strong by forming a shield over it. Excess fluoride in groundwater affects human health and causes disorders like fluorosis. Therefore, BIS and WH have fixed a certain concentration of fluoride in groundwater at 1.5 mg/L which is beneficial for the health of teeth and bones. Concentrations higher than this cause fluorosis which sometimes take such a severe form that the person is confined to bed, which is called fluorosis paralysis. The fluoride concentration in the study area varies from 0.38 to 2.39, which varies with the seasons. This data was taken in December 2023. As soon as summer starts, the fluoride concentration in groundwater starts increasing, which reaches its maximum in May-June. Fluoride pollution has become a curse for the residents here. The residents here are not lucky enough to drink pure water. They are struggling with fluoride pollution for drinking water. And due to lack of pure drinking water, they are consuming water with high fluoride concentration, due to which they are facing health problems like dental fluorosis, skeletal fluorosis, joint pain, muscle pain and stiffness and fluorosis paralysis. To get rid of these problems, fluoride-free water will have to be made available to the residents here, for which defluoridation of fluoride from groundwater will have to be done. There are many methods of defluorination such as electrodialysis, coagulation, reverse osmosis, activated carbon filter and bioabsorption. But all these methods cannot be used everywhere because the use of any method depends on the environmental condition of that particular place, the concentration of fluoride in water, and the budget. But the bioabsorption method is one such method which is environmentally friendly, cheap and an economical method of removing fluoride concentration from groundwater. Through which fluoride concentration can be easily removed from groundwater at a low cost and a good thing is that bioabsorbent is easily available anywhere at a low cost.
Implementation of High Tech Kitchen using LSTM
MS. J. Sowmya, Mrs. R. GowriKitchen object detection is an emerging field that leverages machine learning techniques to improve safety, efficiency, and automation in domestic and commercial kitchen environments. This study proposes a novel approach to detect key kitchen objects, specifically humans, fire, and groceries, using a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network. The model focuses on temporal dependencies and sequential data to identify the presence and behavior of these objects in real-time. By utilizing video footage or image sequences, the LSTM can effectively learn patterns over time, allowing for more accurate detection compared to static image models. This approach is particularly useful for detecting dynamic and time-sensitive events such as fire outbreaks or human activities in the kitchen. The model leverages pre-trained Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for feature extraction, which are then fed into the LSTM for temporal analysis. The LSTM's ability to remember relevant information over time makes it suitable for environments like kitchens, where object interactions evolve sequentially. This framework has the potential to be applied in smart kitchens for enhanced monitoring, early hazard detection, and grocery inventory management. The key contributions of this work include: (1) the use of LSTM for sequential object detection in kitchen environments, (2) real-time detection and classification of humans, fire, and groceries, and (3) improved detection accuracy through temporal analysis of video frames. This system aims to increase safety by detecting fires and human presence while also streamlining kitchen operations through grocery identification and monitoring.
"Scar Wars: Triamcinolone in the Battle against Keloid and Hypertrophic Scars in OMFS"
1 Dr. Melwin Ebenezer J; 2 Dr. Balakrishnan RKeloid and hypertrophic scars are challenging conditions frequently encountered in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS). These scars result from excessive fibroblast proliferation and abnormal collagen deposition, often causing functional limitations and psychological distress. Triamcinolone acetonide, a synthetic corticosteroid, is widely recognized for its anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic properties, making it a valuable treatment option. This review examines the efficacy of triamcinolone in OMFS, its mechanisms of action, and its role in combination therapies. While monotherapy demonstrates significant improvements in scar reduction, integrating triamcinolone with surgical excision, laser therapy, and other adjunctive treatments enhances outcomes and minimizes recurrence. Findings underscore the importance of individualized treatment protocols and the need for further research into advanced therapeutic strategies.
Toxic Leadership: A Systematic Literature Review
1Dr. Vijayudu Gnanamkonda 2Dr. S Krishnamurthy NaiduThe present study focused on answering ‘Toxic Leadership’ through a few questions, and the solutions are from the literature. The authors tried to draw conclusions based on the available literature. No assumptions are made to prove or disprove the present study. The present organization’s leadership (top/middle-level management) style is causing many disturbances in employees' lives. Many research studies elaborated on better management principles and leadership styles. But, from time to time, organizations are experiencing some new leadership approaches that are biased and built on personal attitudes (self/own). Sometimes this self/owned leadership style intriguing, unethical practices in the organizations, causing many intellectual disturbances and mental stress in employees. Hence, the authors thought, this kind of study may give various solutions, i.e., to understand toxic leaders and leadership styles. How do toxic leaders influence the employee group? The conditions that make the leader toxic and how to deal with toxic leaders.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming orthodontic care by enhancing diagnostic accuracy, enabling predictive modelling, and supporting individualized treatment strategies. AI systemshave demonstrated exceptional accuracy in cephalometric landmark identification, facial growth prediction, and treatment outcome forecasting. These technologies facilitate automation in image analysis, improve workflow efficiency, and reduce human error, thereby enhancing the quality and consistency of clinical care. In orthodontic diagnostics, AI-powered models are now capable of interpreting 2D and 3D radiographic data with accuracy comparable to experienced clinicians. Predictive algorithms are being developed to estimate treatment duration, assess risk factors such as root resorption, and simulate post-treatment outcomes. Natural language processing (NLP) also contributes by extracting clinical insights from unstructured data, supporting evidence-based decision-making. Despite these advancements, challenges persist. Concerns about algorithmic bias, data security, regulatory standards, and ethical considerations must be addressed to promote fair, ethical, and accountable implementation of AI technologies in clinical settings. As orthodontics increasingly adopts digital innovations, artificial intelligence is emerging as a key driver—enabling improvements in diagnostic accuracy and clinical efficiency but also redefine the future of dentofacial orthopaedic care.
This study delves into the issue of blasphemy laws in Pakistan, with a particular focus on the implementation of Section 295-C of constitution, highlighting its impact on religious minorities of the country. These laws contribute to the targeted discrimination against religious minorities in a society plagued with structural social injustices. The study draws on Axel Honneth's theory of recognition to elucidate how minorities are denied equal recognition as citizens due to prevalent discrimination against them, particularly in the legal sphere governed by these laws while penetrating private and consolidating spheres. This paper employs a secondary research methodology, utilizing databases such as Google Scholar, JSTOR, and resources available at the University of Houston Library. Additional data was gathered from reports by the International Commission of Jurists, the United Nations Human Rights Council, the U.S. State Department International Religious Freedom Report, as well as verdicts from Supreme Courts and High Courts of Pakistan along with politicians' statements and relevant National Assembly bills. Findings highlight the need for reform of these laws, given the outright repeal is not possible under the current socio-political atmosphere. The recommendations to achieve the goal of bringing reforms in blasphemy laws are presented as: a) Micro-level: Awareness Raising Campaigns to foster understanding and empathy, b) Meso-level: Educational Goals to promote tolerance and inclusivity, and c) Macro-level: Legal Goals to address systemic issues and ensure equal protection under the law. The paper concludes by emphasizing the importance of a multi-pronged approach to bring about meaningful change and uphold fundamental human rights for all citizens in Pakistan.
Parental Involvement in the Education of their School-Going Children
1Shalini Agrawal; 2Shivani AgrawalParental involvement is a key factor influencing a child’s academic success, personal development, and social behaviour. This paper examines the multiple forms of parental participation in the education of school-aged children, such as assisting with homework, attending school functions, maintaining communication with teachers, and fostering a positive learning atmosphere at home. Through a combination of data from existing studies and observations, the analysis reveals that students tend to perform better academically, attend school more regularly, and exhibit higher confidence levels when parents are actively engaged in their education. However, the extent and effectiveness of such involvement are often shaped by variables like family income, parents’ education levels, cultural background, and availability of time. While many parents recognize their role in supporting their children’s learning, obstacles such as limited resources, busy schedules, and weak school-family communication often hinder meaningful participation. The benefits of involvement are found to be more significant in the early years of schooling, with diminishing impact during adolescence. Educational institutions that actively engage parents through inclusive and flexible strategies generally witness improved student outcomes. The study recommends measures such as scheduled parent-teacher interactions, educational sessions for parents, and accessible communication methods to enhance collaboration. In conclusion, strengthening the partnership between families and schools is vital for promoting student achievement and creating an equitable learning environment that benefits all children.
Coverage Optimization of Wireless Sensor Networks using Enzyme Action Optimizer
1Vishal Kumar, 2Sonia GoyalThis paper is about the coverage optimization of wireless sensor networks (WSN). Whether it is in the field of healthcare, industrial automation, agriculture and environment monitoring etc. WSNs are used in all these fields. In the recent years’ various methods, strategies and evolutionary algorithms are used to optimize the coverage, connectivity, over-coverage and energy of WSNs. In this paper the algorithm proposed is called enzyme action optimizer (EAO). The proposed algorithms inspiration is based on the enzymes catalytic behavior in biological systems. The proposed algorithm works in two phases known as exploration phase and exploitation phase and also there are two adaptive parameters in this algorithm which are adaptive factor (AF) and enzyme concentration (EC). The parameter AF is responsible for smooth transition between exploration and exploitation phases. The proposed algorithm is used for the coverage optimization of WSNs. When the proposed algorithm is compared with the other algorithms or methods, namely, cellular genetic algorithm (CGA), geometric centroid of Voronoi diagram (GCVD), Enhanced particle swarm optimization algorithm (Enhanced PSO), chaos social spider optimization algorithm (CSSO) and ant army search optimization algorithm (AASO) under the same conditions which mean with parameters like area, number of nodes and sensing range are kept same for fairness. The results show that the coverage of proposed algorithm which is EAO increases by 0.57%, 0.78%, 6.84%, 1.95% and 14.68% when compared to CGA, GCVD, Enhanced PSO, CSSO and AASO, respectively.
Development Technique to Analyze the Level of Parkinson Disease
Dr. Banita, Dr. Sarika ZawareThe aim research is to find the exact level of Parkinson disease with reference to the manual evaluation and the evaluation through image processing techniques. Support vector machine classifier has been used at the final stage to detect the accuracy of the system. While dealing with the image processing technique, initially collect the data based on handwriting evaluation. Various words along with some sentences have been directed to the PD patient to write in their own handwriting from which the evaluation of severity has been calculated. Hypophonia has been focused in this study for analyzing the level of PD based on rating scales available and at last compared with an innovative rating scale “ABHITA” for calculating the severity of PD. Objectives: To develop a system which detect whether the DBS is required for PD patient or not. To manually evaluation for detection of PD level as per “ABHITA” Rating scale. Findings: In total 67 patients have been analyzed who have neurodegenerative problem due to which patient unable to move normally and can’t able to hold a glass or anything in daily routine. Significance: Study indicates the clear vision of comparison between existing rating scale with a proposed rating scale ABHITA. The proposed rating scale indicates the level or stage of PD with respect to the symptoms. The study also includes some of the layout of clinical representation which is not compulsory for analyzing the PD Patients, it is only for the knowledge and to collect the dataset from various hospitals. Likewise, during manual evaluation, a questionnaire will be made in the future work to compare the handwriting evaluation with the manually collected questionnaire from different PD patients. As the PD patient is having writing issues then by communicating verbally various analysis will be done. Prior to the compilation of data or collecting of data, a consent form will be filled or submitted by the patient to participate in such survey which will be used to evaluate the degree/ level of PD and the recovery rate of the PD patients. Research analysis in the form of graphical representation has been made to make the idea clearer about the detection and solution of such PD Patients.