This study focused on the effect of remittances in the economy of Nigeria from 1981 to 2023. To achieve this objective, the co-integration technique was applied. From the results and findings, it was found that remittances do significantly but negatively affect the economic growth of Nigeria. After further analysis, it was realized that the negative and significant effect of remittances persisted in the long-run and short-run. This implies that remittances are neither a panacea for economic growth in Nigeria. Additionally, in the long-run, the results showed that the conventional sources of economic growth such as FDI can spur economic growth in Nigeria while increase in exchange rate and inflation caused economic growth to decline. It was therefore recommended that policy makers should create investment vehicles like diaspora bonds among others, to encourage the citizens of Nigeria working abroad to lend their hands to national development. Moreover, as effort is being made to harness the potentials of remittances in economic growth, Nigeria can continue to improve its economy creating an attractive economic outlook that would appease foreign investors. This will help generate investment inflows through FDI, hence higher economic growth.

This study examines the economic and strategic transformation of Kütahya province from the early Republican era to the late 1960s. The primary aim of the study is to analyse the provincial implications of the central government’s policies of ‘Statism’, ‘State-led Industrialisation’ and ‘Local Development’ through the prism of the mining, heavy industry and aviation sectors. The primary data source for the research consists of dozens of documents -decrees, correspondence and reports- held in the Republic Archive fonds of the Turkish Presidency State Archives. The data, focusing on the period between 1929 and 1969, demonstrates that Kütahya was transformed into a strategic and political base through the establishment of major industrial facilities -such as the Sugar and Nitrogen factories- and aviation infrastructure works carried out under the supervision of British engineers. The study reveals that Kütahya was not merely a source of raw materials, but also assumed the role of a pilot region in industry, transport and the transfer of technical knowledge.

Background: Student-led surgical societies may complement formal undergraduate medical education by providing early clinical exposure, practical skills training, peer-assisted learning, mentorship, and opportunities for career exploration. Evidence regarding their educational contribution in Malaysian medical schools remains limited. This study examined members’ perceptions of the educational and career-exploration value of a faculty-supported, student-led surgical society. Methods: A cross-sectional online questionnaire study used a census approach among eligible society members at a Malaysian medical school. Of 150 active members, 149 met the eligibility criteria and completed the survey. The researcher-developed questionnaire assessed motivations for joining, participation, perceived learning and confidence, mentorship exposure, career influence, experiences with peer trainers, and barriers to participation. Ten perception items used five-point Likert scales and demonstrated high preliminary internal consistency during pilot testing (Cronbach’s α = .902). Data were analysed descriptively, with exploratory continuity-corrected chi-square tests, Cramér’s V, odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals. Results: Early clinical exposure was the most frequently reported motivation for joining (75.8%), while workshops were the most attended activity (85.1%). Most respondents reported perceived acquisition of a specific skill (82.6%), and 67.8% perceived a positive contribution to academic performance or clinical readiness. More than half (57.0%) reported that participation had influenced their career goals, and 75.8% reported opportunities to connect with mentors or surgical professionals. Between 78.5% and 81.9% agreed or strongly agreed that peer trainers were knowledgeable, clear, approachable, supportive, and constructive. Respondents with mentorship or networking exposure had higher odds of reporting perceived career influence than those with non-affirmative exposure responses (66.4% vs 27.8%; OR = 5.13, 95% CI 2.24–11.74; p < .001) and higher odds of confidence in performing practised skills (89.4% vs 58.3%; OR = 6.01, 95% CI 2.46–14.68; p < .001). Stage of training was not significantly associated with perceived career influence (p = .158). The main barriers were time constraints, timetable conflicts, and limited clinical-shadowing opportunities. Conclusion: Members perceived the student-led surgical society as a valuable complement to formal undergraduate education, particularly for early surgical exposure, practical engagement, peer-assisted learning, mentorship, confidence-building, and career exploration. However, the single-institution, cross-sectional, self-reported design, absence of a comparison group, and high prevalence of pre-existing surgical interest preclude causal inference. Multicentre prospective studies incorporating validated measures, objective performance assessment, comparison groups, and longitudinal follow-up are warranted.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is ushering in a new era in banking, characterized by improved efficiency and a stronger emphasis on customer satisfaction. Persistent challenges continue to confront Nigeria’s banking system, spanning credit risk exposures, operational shortcomings, cybercrime, regulatory lapses and reputational vulnerabilities. The main objective of this study is to assess the challenges and policy implication of artificial intelligence and risk mitigation in Nigeria’s banking sector. The study employed a survey research design, utilizing estimation techniques such as simple percentages and regression analysis to analyze data collected through primary sources. The primary data were collected with the aid of a structured 5-point likert scale questionnaires. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 7 branches of Zenith Bank in Enugu State. The questionnaires were distributed to a sample size of 383 from a population of 9,271 using Taro Yamane (1967) formula. Data were analyzed using both traditional econometric techniques and AI-driven predictive model (Neural Network).The study concludes that AI applications have strong potential in mitigating credit risk and operational risks in Nigerian banks while applications in cyber fraud management are still emerging. The study also concludes that AI tools when aligned with strong internal control systems play a critical role in strengthening enterprise risk management in Nigerian banks. The study recommends that AI tools should be combined with human expertise (risk managers must interpret AI insights) to ensure context specific decision making. Banks should also strengthen data quality and cyber security infrastructure for AI deployment.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) encompasses a broad spectrum of technologies that replicate human reasoning and decision-making processes. In Nigeria, foreign borrowing remains an important instrument for supporting economic growth but overdependence often creates sustainability concerns. This study explores how artificial intelligence can be a tool for forecasting the effects of foreign debt risk on economic growth in Nigeria. The study adopts an ex-post facto descriptive research design and relies on secondary time series data from 2006 to 2024, sourced from official publications of bulletins of Central Bank of Nigeria, Budget office of the Federation and Office of the Accountant General of the federation. Variables considered include foreign debt service payment, total foreign debt stock and exchange rate fluctuations as proxies for foreign debt risk with Gross Domestic Product (GDP) serving as the proxy for Economic Growth. Analytical methods combined conventional econometric models (simple and multiple regression analysis of ordinary least square technique and ANOVA) with AI- driven approaches (Neural Network). The study concludes that foreign debt when strategically managed, support growth while exchange rate volatility significantly heightens repayment pressures and undermines investment flows. The study recommends that economic policy through the Debt Management Office should prioritize prudent debt management and sustainable borrowing practices and stabilize exchange rates to safeguard long-term growth.