Tissue conditioners are used to improve ill-fitting dentures and also to treat abused mucosal tissues underlying ill-fitting acrylic dentures. The loss of surface integrity and surface roughness of tissue conditioners is regarded as the main problem resulting in inflammation of the oral mucosa in denture-bearing areas. Tissue conditioners are soft relining materials that provide a cushioning effect to the underlying tissues and thereby heal the abused tissues of inflammation and pain. Tissue conditioners are a mixture of polymer powder and plasticizer liquid. Conditioning the tissues also heals them by therapeutically providing antibacterial and antifungal properties.

Aim: To evaluate stress and displacement in the maxillary arch, during intrusion and retraction after extraction using extra radicular (IZC screws) and intra radicular screws (miniscrews). Objectives: To evaluate the stress and displacement on the maxillary dentition, To evaluate the stress on the periodontal ligament, To evaluate the effects of varying situations and combinations, including single and two miniscrews, as well as different heights of the power arm. Method: A model of maxillary dentition along with its surrounding craniofacial region was constructed and finite element analysis was carried out on the model. Various scenarios were simulated involving the use of power arms of different positioned above and below the wire during the intrusion and retraction of the maxillary arch with a force of 100g for intrusion and 200g for retraction. Two combinations of miniscrews were utilized, either a single miniscrew or two miniscrews, in conjunction with IZC screw. Result: Application of force resulted in stress and deformation in teeth which varied with height of power arm. Stress and displacement was maximum at power arm height 4mm above the archwire. More intrusive movement was observed at power arm levels below the archwire and counterclockwise movements at power arm levels above the archwire. Stress on PDL increased with increase in height of power arm with maximum stress at 4mm above the archwire.  Stress on periodontal ligament is more when single miniscrew is used than two miniscrews and stress distribution was seen to be more on the cervical aspect of Pdl during simultaneous intrusion and retraction. Conclusion: Stress and displacement depend on the level of power arm above and below the archwire. Stress on PDL is less than stress on the dentition in both scenarios. Depending on the type of tooth movement desired, position of the power arm should be altered during simultaneous intrusion and retraction.

Fluorine is an element of the 17th group in the periodic table, which is highly reactive due to its small size. Fluorine is the first element of the halogen group. It is found in groundwater in the form of fluoride ion. Fluoride ion is beneficial for teeth and bones in low concentrations. A concentration of 0.6 mg/liter of fluoride prevents tooth decay and makes the enamel safe and strong by forming a shield over it. Excess fluoride in groundwater affects human health and causes disorders like fluorosis. Therefore, BIS and WH have fixed a certain concentration of fluoride in groundwater at 1.5 mg/L which is beneficial for the health of teeth and bones. Concentrations higher than this cause fluorosis which sometimes take such a severe form that the person is confined to bed, which is called fluorosis paralysis. The fluoride concentration in the study area varies from 0.38 to 2.39, which varies with the seasons. This data was taken in December 2023. As soon as summer starts, the fluoride concentration in groundwater starts increasing, which reaches its maximum in May-June. Fluoride pollution has become a curse for the residents here. The residents here are not lucky enough to drink pure water. They are struggling with fluoride pollution for drinking water. And due to lack of pure drinking water, they are consuming water with high fluoride concentration, due to which they are facing health problems like dental fluorosis, skeletal fluorosis, joint pain, muscle pain and stiffness and fluorosis paralysis. To get rid of these problems, fluoride-free water will have to be made available to the residents here, for which defluoridation of fluoride from groundwater will have to be done. There are many methods of defluorination such as electrodialysis, coagulation, reverse osmosis, activated carbon filter and bioabsorption. But all these methods cannot be used everywhere because the use of any method depends on the environmental condition of that particular place, the concentration of fluoride in water, and the budget. But the bioabsorption method is one such method which is environmentally friendly, cheap and an economical method of removing fluoride concentration from groundwater. Through which fluoride concentration can be easily removed from groundwater at a low cost and a good thing is that bioabsorbent is easily available anywhere at a low cost.

Kitchen object detection is an emerging field that leverages machine learning techniques to improve safety, efficiency, and automation in domestic and commercial kitchen environments. This study proposes a novel approach to detect key kitchen objects, specifically humans, fire, and groceries, using a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network. The model focuses on temporal dependencies and sequential data to identify the presence and behavior of these objects in real-time. By utilizing video footage or image sequences, the LSTM can effectively learn patterns over time, allowing for more accurate detection compared to static image models. This approach is particularly useful for detecting dynamic and time-sensitive events such as fire outbreaks or human activities in the kitchen. The model leverages pre-trained Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for feature extraction, which are then fed into the LSTM for temporal analysis. The LSTM's ability to remember relevant information over time makes it suitable for environments like kitchens, where object interactions evolve sequentially. This framework has the potential to be applied in smart kitchens for enhanced monitoring, early hazard detection, and grocery inventory management. The key contributions of this work include: (1) the use of LSTM for sequential object detection in kitchen environments, (2) real-time detection and classification of humans, fire, and groceries, and (3) improved detection accuracy through temporal analysis of video frames. This system aims to increase safety by detecting fires and human presence while also streamlining kitchen operations through grocery identification and monitoring.

Keloid and hypertrophic scars are challenging conditions frequently encountered in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS). These scars result from excessive fibroblast proliferation and abnormal collagen deposition, often causing functional limitations and psychological distress. Triamcinolone acetonide, a synthetic corticosteroid, is widely recognized for its anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic properties, making it a valuable treatment option. This review examines the efficacy of triamcinolone in OMFS, its mechanisms of action, and its role in combination therapies. While monotherapy demonstrates significant improvements in scar reduction, integrating triamcinolone with surgical excision, laser therapy, and other adjunctive treatments enhances outcomes and minimizes recurrence. Findings underscore the importance of individualized treatment protocols and the need for further research into advanced therapeutic strategies.