The soil fertility index (SFI) technologi is an assessment of soil properties and nutrient availability to support plant growth and development. The soil fertility index is very relevant in the engineering of planting media, especially on marginal land to support environmentally friendly sustainable agriculture by utilizing organic materials as soil improvers. This research contributes to crop cultivation by utilizing marginal land, by offering a method of analyzing soil fertility index and providing knowledge to oil palm farmers in utilizing marginal land as a planting medium. The purpose of this research is to analyze the fertility value of various marginal soils that will be used as planting media materials. This research was conducted in Musi Rawas Regency, South Sumatra Province, Indonesia, from November 2024 to January 2025.  This research method uses disturbed soil samples on marginal land. Composite soil samples consisting of five types of marginal soils include: ultisol subsoil with a depth of M1 = 0-50 cm, M2 = 50-100 cm, M3 = 100-150 cm, peat and entisol. The results of the comparative study of the fertility value of various types of marginal soils are almost on average low criteria, for improvement it is necessary to add organic matter as much as 1.5 - 2.5% to each planting medium and evaluate the fertility index of various types of marginal soils ranging from 80 - 100 which is categorized in the low to medium class.

Background: Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a critical indicator of glycemic control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Serum uric acid (SUA), traditionally a marker of gout, is increasingly recognized for its role in metabolic dysfunction. The interplay between SUA and glycemic control remains complex. Objective: To evaluate the association between serum uric acid levels and HbA1c among patients with T2DM. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 100 T2DM patients was conducted over 18 months. Patients were categorized by glycemic control based on HbA1c levels: good (<7%), fair (8–9%), and poor (>9%). SUA was measured using the uricase enzymatic method and compared across these categories. Results: Mean SUA levels were highest in patients with HbA1c <7% (6.2 ± 1.1 mg/dL), lower in those with HbA1c 8–9% (5.4 ± 0.9 mg/dL), and lowest in those with HbA1c >9% (4.1 ± 0.7 mg/dL). There was a statistically significant inverse correlation (r = -0.42, p < 0.01) between SUA and HbA1c. Conclusion: SUA levels decline with worsening glycemic control in T2DM, suggesting that elevated SUA may be more prominent in early or well-controlled diabetes. These findings highlight SUA's potential as a marker for insulin resistance rather than advanced hyperglycemia.

Low power has become a critical design requirement in today's electronics industry, leading to a shift in focus where power dissipation is prioritized alongside performance and area. VLSI systems are now designed for high-speed operation with minimal area to ensure compact and reliable performance. Power optimization at the system level is an active area of research, especially concerning power dissipation in processing units, memories, and communication. A significant portion of power is consumed in data communication over on-chip and off-chip buses. To reduce power consumption, signal encoding techniques have been developed to minimize switching activity on buses, potentially saving up to 70% in power. One notable approach is the use of Hamming coding, such as the "Lagger algorithm," which minimizes transition power during bitsequence transmission by shuffling the bit streams before transmission and regenerating them using a decoder, effectively reducing transitions between '0' and '1'

Existing literature on state specific sustainability analysis using econometric methods provide limited insights as to whether the fiscal deficit of a state is sustainable or not. It does not indicate how fiscally strong or weak is one state vis-à-vis. another from a sustainability perspective. We provide estimates for state specific sustainable levels of fiscal deficit relative to GSDP in relation to the all-state FRBM norm. We have developed indices for providing relative rankings to the states in terms of their relative magnitudes of sustainable fiscal deficit to GSDP levels, relativities of effective interest rate, revenue receipts to GSDP ratio, and nominal GSDP growth rates. Using these indices, we highlight the states that have shown a greater fiscal strength during the FC14 and FC15 (first three years) periods. We find that the small and hilly states have relatively higher state specific sustainable fiscal deficit to GSDP ratios primarily because of their higher revenue receipts to GSDP ratios which in turn depend on their relatively higher share in fiscal transfers. In the FC15 period, we have noted that the states showing relatively low sustainable levels of fiscal deficit to GSDP include Haryana, Punjab, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal.       

Background: Mental Health Literacy (MHL) among healthcare providers is a key factor for early diagnosis and effective intervention in psychiatric illnesses. Nurses’ preparedness, influenced by MHL, plays a critical role in shaping attitudes and practices toward mental health. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the level of MHL among nursing students and examine the associations between knowledge, attitude, behavior, and sociodemographic factors. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 114 nursing students (MSc, PBBSc, PB Diploma, and recent graduates) of a selected College of Nursing. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and a standardized 35-item Mental Health Literacy Scale (O’Connor & Casey³). Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. Results: The majority (78.1%) of participants had a fair level of MHL, while 16.7% had good and 0.9% had poor MHL. Good knowledge (60.5%) and positive attitude (97.3%) were observed, but only 26.3% had good behavioral/practice scores. MHL was significantly associated with professional qualification (p = 0.004) but not with age, experience, or workshop attendance. Conclusion: While nursing students demonstrated good knowledge and attitude towards mental illness, their practices did not align, indicating the need for targeted skill-building interventions. Integrating practical mental health training into curricula may bridge this gap.