Background: Mentorship and simulations are used in neonatal resuscitation knowledge and skills training. This study examined current evidence on the effectiveness of mentorship and simulation-based training on healthcare workers’ knowledge and skills on neonatal resuscitation. Methods: The PubMed, EBSCO essentials and Google Scholar databases were searched for currently published evidence (2013-2023). Studies that examined knowledge and skill outcomes of one day mentorship or simulation-based training were included. The quality of studies was assessed using the Downs and Black checklist and studies that scored ≤14 points (poor) were excluded. Results: Six studies (1 Randomized Controlled Trials and 5 Quasi-experiments) involving 576 healthcare workers were included. Simulation-based training resulted in a pooled mean difference of 1.91 for knowledge and 3.45 for skill scores immediately after training. Mentorship resulted in a pooled mean difference of 2.00 for knowledge and 6.03 for skill scores immediately after training. Conclusions: The immediate effectiveness of simulation and mentorship were similar for knowledge scores but mentorship produced more effect than simulation for skill scores. The limited number of published studies highlights a need for more controlled trials to establish the comparative effectiveness of mentorship and simulation-based neonatal resuscitation training.