Published Paper


Toxicity of Plastics in Soil: Influence on Soil Bacteria, Aporrectodea Longa, Nutrient and Phytochemical Properties of Telfairia Occidentalis

Udochukwu Ugueri1*, Asemota Osas Lucky2, Iheanacho Godwin Chigozie1, Nwachukwu Chinwe Adaobi3, Iheme Patricia Odichinaka4, Ugenyi Assumpta Ugbonma5
Nigeria
Page: 523-543
Published on: 2024 March

Abstract

Problem: Over the years, there has been massive production of plastics which are usually discarded after use resulting in a spate of plastic pollution in the soil environment. The presence of these plastics and its contaminants elicit toxic effects on soil and soil biological sentinels. Approach: All Soil samples were collected in Ugbowo, Benin-City, Edo State, Nigeria which was the study area. The various samples collected were analyzed using standard methods. Findings: The results from this study revealed various physicochemical parameters and additives present in the test soil. It was observed that the test soil being the plastic composted soil was slightly acidic with a pH value of 5.62±0.05 compared to the control garden soil with a neutral pH 7.92±0.09. The additives detected in the soil were 40.07ng/g bisphenol A, 14.05ng/g di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), 26.23ng/g dimethylpthalate (DMP) and 7.07ng/g diethylpthalates (DEP). Di-n-butylphthalate (DBP) and butylbenzylphthalate (BBzP) were below the limits of detection and only 3.01ng/g of bisphenol A was detected in the control garden soil. The plastic composted soil had low bacterial count of 0.43 x 102 cfu/g compared to the control soil with 27.0 x 104 cfu/g.  A progressive reduction in the percentage survival of the earthworms with increased plastic contaminant concentrations was observed. Treatment B had lowest plastic concentration of 27.27 percentage survival followed by treatment C with 20.93 percentage survival. It was observed that the plastic composted soil served as a medium for the growth and survival of the Telfairia occidentalis. Conclusion: Polystyrene plastics could be used as manure to grow non-edible plants like flowers. It was observed that children can accumulate higher concentrations of these plastics in their body which is due to their low body weight. This further reveal that young children are vulnerable to the danger of plastic accumulation and toxicity.

 

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