It is critical to understand and mitigate seismic risks in seismically active places through seismic microzonation at the global level. The purpose of this review paper is to provide a comprehensive analysis of seismic microzonation efforts around the world, with a particular focus on Indian practices. By incorporating this information into building codes and retrofitting strategies, the built environment can be made less vulnerable to earthquakes. The first section outlines seismic microzonation's work completed in assessing earthquake risks globally. Geophysical, geotechnical, and geological approaches are discussed in the study of seismic microzonation. In addition, tectonic settings, geological features, and ground motion characteristics are discussed in relation to seismic microzonation. In the second section of the paper, seismic microzonation in India is discussed. Because of its diverse geological and tectonic features, India poses a significant seismic hazard. Lastly, the last section discusses the policy implications and practical applications of seismic microzonation in urban planning and disaster management. The study highlights the importance of seismic microzonation and its benefits in improving seismic resilience of India. It also emphasizes the need for further research in this area to better understand the seismic risk in Indian cities.