Published Paper


Security and Health Implications of Covid-19; Prevention and Control Using Lime and Lemon Hand Sanitizer

Udochukwu, Ugueri, Ejirefe, Influece, Asemota Osas Lucky, Igiri Vivian Chika, Echeta Maryrose Ogechi, Emele Augustine Chijioke
Nigeria
Page: 1155-1163
Published on: 2023 September

Abstract

Problem: The covid-19 pandemic has heavily impacted countries across the globe, including Nigeria. Apart from the obvious health implications, the pandemic has also brought about security concerns and implications for the Nigerian population. Several countries including Nigeria depend on importation of hand sanitizer which makes the products scarce and expensive. Therefore, the need to formulate a homemade hand sanitizer was necessary to bridge the gaps. In the formulation of these hand sanitizers, the antibacterial activity of Lemon and Lime juice on mesophilic bacterial isolates was evaluated. Approach: Freshly collected lime and lemon were adequately washed and blended into syrup. 100 ml of isopropyl alcohol was added to 100 ml of Lemon juice to create the lemon (LE 100) hand sanitizer.  100 ml of isopropyl alcohol was also added to 100 ml of Lime juice to create the lime (LI 100) hand sanitizer, and 100 ml of isopropyl alcohol was mixed with 50ml of lemon and 50 ml of lime juice to form the (LE/LI 50/50) hand sanitizer. The antibacterial sensitivity test was carried out using the disc method, which was socked in the hand sanitizer.  Findings: Micrococcus sp. was more sensitive than other Gram-positive bacteria to LE 100 with a 29 mm zone of inhibition. Streptococcus sp. was more sensitive to LI 100 with a 31 mm zone of inhibition and Bacillus sp., was more sensitive to LE/LI 50/50 with a 25 mm zone of inhibition. Escherichia coli was more sensitive than other Gram-negative bacteria to LE 100 and LE/LI 50/50 with 22 mm and 20 mm zone of inhibition respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was more sensitive to LI 100 with 18 mm zone of inhibition. Lemon and lime extracts have shown effectiveness as antimicrobial agents against these bacterial isolates. They are natural, affordable, available and safe. It has shown the ability to inhibit the growth of most Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and thus can be used in the control and prevention of Covid-19.

 

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