Problem: Hypovitaminosis D is thought to be rarity in India country because of abundant sunshine. It is an important differential diagnosis for patients presenting with musculoskeletal pains.  We conducted this study to estimate the prevalence of hypovitaminosis-D in one sub-set of population i.e. patients presenting with diffuse muscular-skeletal pains. Approach: All adult (≥18 years) patients presenting to the out-patient department of general medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College & Hospital (IGMC), Shimla, from May 1, 2008 through April 30, 2011 with diffuse musculoskeletal pain were included. Detailed history, clinical examination and biochemical investigation including vitamin D levels were done. Serum 25(OH) D was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA).  Patient with vitamin D deficiency status were treated with oral cholecalciferol and later followed up. Statistical analysis was done using EpiInfo Software version 3.5.3 for windows. Findings: We surveyed 296 patients and 231 (78.0%) of these were women. Age of the participants ranged from 19-78 years with a mean of 45.6±13.9 yearsParticipants from rural areas were 218 (73.6%).The levels of 25(OH) D ranged from1.7 ng/mL to 64.4 ng/mL. Mean 25(OH) D level (ng/mL) was 18.4±9.0ng/ml (men: 18.9±9.7, women: 18.2±8.9).Prevalence of hypovitaminosis D [25(OH) D < 30ng/mL] was 91.6%. 18.58% (55/296 patients) had severe deficiency of vitamin D. Of the 257 patients that reported at the end of six and nine months of treatment with cholecalciferol, 217 (84.4%) were symptom free.Conclusion: Hypovitaminosis D should be considered at number one in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with diffuse musculoskeletal pain. Patients may be empirically treated with recommended doses of cholecalciferol where facilities for estimation of 25(OH) D are not available.