In India, MSWM is governed by MSWR. However, majority of ULBs do not have appropriate action plans for execution and enactment of the MSWR. Unfortunately, no city in India can claim 100% segregation of waste at dwelling unit and on an average only 70% waste collection is observed, while the remaining 30% is again mixed up and lost in the urban environment. Out of total waste collected, only 12.45% waste is scientifically processed and rest is disposed in open dumps. Environment friendliness, cost effectiveness, and acceptability to the local community are major attributes to achieve efficient solid waste management system. Environmentally benign practices are the need of the hour to cope with the almost exponential growth of MSW. For this, appropriate technological solutions through PPP are required. However, lack of competency and insufficient financial support are major threats to ULBs for development of MSW infrastructure. There is need for PPP to implement management and handling with the latest technology/ know-how with the subject experts firms and companies. Establishment of the good public governance in compliance with secured regulatory framework and appropriate financial support and strict contract implementation is required for the success of PPP. Capacity building and availability of skilled labor, familiarity with new and as well as best practices available for SWM, financial incentives for identifying new techno-feasible solutions, appropriate and quick decision at ULBs level for smooth implementation are real challenges. India is still struggling to make waste-to-energy project a success story.