Annual mono cropping which is a commonest agricultural practice in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is now wearing down the land. Moreover, the shorter growing seasons and less extensive root systems of those annual crops facilitated soil erosion, store less Carbon in the soil and less efficiently manage water and nutrients. So as to compromise soil health of the region, it is now important to assess sustainability of the perennial cropping systems. Perennial crops are capable of being harvested multiple times throughout their life span. Hence, incorporating perenniality or integrating perennial crops such as rice into the current agricultural system of SSA is vital for ensuring long-term food security through ensuring healthy soil ecosystem. To capitalize such attributes of perennial rice in SSA, it is important to consider genotypic and environmental variance, design efficient farm management techniques and critically assess their multitude outcomes. This review has therefore provides a comprehensive overview of yield, adaptability, environmental safety and socioeconomic benefits of perennial rice cropping to the marginal lands of the Sub-Saharan Africa.