Throughout history, women have performed surgeries. Men still greatly outnumber women in a number of procedural disciplines, most notably surgery, even though there are now as many female medical students as male students in universities. This article addresses the variables that may impact women's decision to pursue a career in surgery, as well as the difficulties and discrimination that female surgeons may encounter. There is a compelling case for significant individual policy change, to lessen gendered stereotypes and prejudice in surgery at the organizational and governmental levels. Even if the proportion of women attending medical schools has risen over the previous three decades to close to 50% today, women are disproportionately underrepresented in academic medicine's faculty and in leadership or power roles. In the light of that the present study is going to highlight on the historical emergence of women in surgery and the challenging factors that women go through to be in this profession.