Background: Financial literacy is a global concern, crucial for personal and family financial prosperity. Poor money management can make consumers vulnerable to financial crises. Financial knowledge refers to understanding financial concepts and procedures and applying this understanding to address financial challenges. Healthcare professionals (HCPs) often earn substantial salaries early in their careers. Therefore, strong financial knowledge is essential for making wise investments, securing future financial needs. Doctors often start their careers with limited financial knowledge, as subjects like banking, investment, and equities are unrelated to medical education. The study aims to explore the relationship between financial knowledge, attitudes, investment practices, providing insights into key areas requiring attention and enhancing understanding of financial literacy among Indian doctors. Methods: This observational study was conducted on 333 doctors in Karnataka at Sri Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre over three months, following ethical committee approval. Participants were contacted via phone, informed about the study, and encouraged to participate. The survey, administered via Google Forms using simple random sampling, assessed financial knowledge and practices related to financial management and investments. Results: The mean age of the study participants 38.1 + 13.4 years. The gender distribution shows a slight majority of males 176 (52.85%) compared to females 157 (47.15%).Financial knowledge scores increase with age, peaking at 39.3 ± 13.5 for those aged 51–60 (p = 0.04). Males have significantly higher financial knowledge scores (34.4 ± 12.3) compared to females (21.5 ± 9.6).Financial knowledge is significantly associated with medical discipline (r = 0.53, p = 0.032), but not with annual income (r = 0.41, p = 0.43). It shows a strong positive correlation with investment preferences (r = 0.67, p = 0.05), suggesting that higher financial knowledge influences investment decision-making. Conclusions: Financial knowledge among Indian doctors, especially younger ones, is inadequate, highlighting the need for enhanced financial education and awareness programs. Incorporating finance management into healthcare curricula and repeated sensitization could improve financial practices and decision-making.