The current study aims to systematically review and analyze the relationship between work-related stress and job burnout among nurses, focusing on how stress contributes to burnout development. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (Prisma) guidelines. The review searched databases including Medline, Psyc Info, Pub Med, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science from January 2018 to June 2024, supplemented by Google Scholar and manual reference list checks, with duplicate records removed. The review included 19 studies involving 10,486 nurses, including 18 cross-sectional and one qualitative study. Findings revealed a range of burnout and stress levels among nurses, from low to high, with most studies confirming a positive relationship between work-related stress and burnout. Additionally, some research indicated that work-related stress impacts burnout indirectly through various mediating factors. The review highlights the need for interventions that address stress management and mediators to effectively reduce burnout among nurses, suggesting that future research should focus on longitudinal studies and the exploration of mediators in diverse settings to better understand and mitigate burnout in nursing practice.