This study examines the economic and strategic transformation of Kütahya province from the early Republican era to the late 1960s. The primary aim of the study is to analyse the provincial implications of the central government’s policies of ‘Statism’, ‘State-led Industrialisation’ and ‘Local Development’ through the prism of the mining, heavy industry and aviation sectors. The primary data source for the research consists of dozens of documents -decrees, correspondence and reports- held in the Republic Archive fonds of the Turkish Presidency State Archives. The data, focusing on the period between 1929 and 1969, demonstrates that Kütahya was transformed into a strategic and political base through the establishment of major industrial facilities -such as the Sugar and Nitrogen factories- and aviation infrastructure works carried out under the supervision of British engineers. The study reveals that Kütahya was not merely a source of raw materials, but also assumed the role of a pilot region in industry, transport and the transfer of technical knowledge.