Background: The widespread use of digital devices has led to a rise in Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS), particularly among adults who spend extended hours in front of screens. This study investigates the ocular effects of prolonged computer and smart device usage in adults. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 115 adults aged 18–45 years at a tertiary care hospital in South India. Participants using digital devices for at least 3 hours daily were evaluated using a structured questionnaire and objective ophthalmic tests including Schirmer’s test, Tear Break-Up Time (TBUT), blink rate, and the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI). Data were analyzed using SPSS v26, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of dry eye symptoms was 64.3%. A significant association was found between increased screen time and reduced TBUT (p < 0.001), lower Schirmer’s scores (p < 0.001), decreased blink rate (p < 0.001), and higher OSDI scores (p < 0.001). Refractive errors were present in 87% of participants, with longer screen exposure linked to worsening visual discomfort. Conclusion: Prolonged digital device use among adults significantly affects tear film stability, blinking behavior, and ocular comfort. Early screening and preventive strategies are essential to mitigate CVS risk.