Objective: This observational study aims to evaluate the effect of pregnancy-induced diabetes mellitus (gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM) on the oral health status of a sub-population in Bareilly. Specifically, the study explores the relationship between GDM and periodontal disease in pregnant women. Methods: The study involved 90 pregnant women (45 with GDM and 45 controls), recruited from the outpatient department of the Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly. A comprehensive dental examination was performed, assessing clinical parameters such as clinical attachment loss (CAL), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and gingival recession. Participants were also evaluated for oral hygiene status using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S). Demographic data and clinical information, including body mass index (BMI), family history of diabetes, and oral hygiene habits, were collected via interviews. Results: The study found significant differences between the GDM and non-GDM groups in oral hygiene practices and periodontal health indicators. The GDM group showed higher levels of bleeding on probing (BOP), with a greater number of patients exhibiting BOP in more than three teeth (P = 0.030). Mild periodontal disease was more prevalent in the non-GDM group, while severe periodontal disease was observed in both groups at similar rates. GDM patients reported poorer oral hygiene, with fewer achieving a “good” OHI-S score compared to the control group (P = 0.050). However, the overall prevalence of periodontal disease did not differ significantly between the two groups (77% in GDM vs. 70% in non-GDM, P = 0.535). Conclusion: While women with GDM tended to exhibit poorer oral hygiene and more periodontal disease indicators, no definitive statistical association between GDM and periodontal disease was found in this study. These findings suggest the need for further research to establish a clearer link between GDM and oral health, particularly to explore the long-term effects of pregnancy-induced diabetes on oral health.