Background: Stroke is a sudden and often devastating injury to the central nervous system caused by blood flow disruption to the brain, leading to long-term consequences such as neurological impairments. It is a major cause of disability and mortality among adults. Various studies have highlighted caregiver (CG) stress, but none have compared stress levels in hospital and home environments. Our study aims to explore factors influencing caregiver stress in both settings.Aim and objective: To identify the most common source of stress among those who care for acute stroke survivors as well as the overall experiences that caregiver has in hospital and home settings. Methodology: An observational study was conducted at Sri Ramachandra Hospital on caregivers of first-time stroke survivors. Demographic data and stress levels were assessed using MCSI on discharge day and 10 days post-discharge. Reasons for stress were identified through open-ended questions.Results: Quantitative data included mean and standard deviation for 60 participants, consisting of 44 males and 16 females with an average age of 57.35 ±10.78. Among the caregivers of acute stroke patients, 60 individuals were surveyed, including 19 males and 41 females with an average age of 46.23±11.79. The Modified Caregiver Strain Index (MCSI) with thirteen questions rated stress levels at home and in the hospital. Results showed higher stress levels at home for components such as sleep disturbance (90%) and caregiving inconvenience (86.6%), while hospital stressors included family adjustments (61.6%) and financial strain (95%). Overall, caregivers experienced different stress factors depending on the location.Conclusion: Study shows caregiver stress increases based on patient’s impairment, needs, and caregiver's understanding of the condition. Stress levels vary between male and female caregivers, with modifiable and non-modifiable stress factors identified. Strategic programs are needed to enhance rehabilitation effectiveness, reduce caregiver stress, and enhance quality of life for both patient and caregiver.
The Bidayuh community in Jagoi and SingaiBau Districts possesses extensive traditional knowledge of Zingiberaceae species. This study documents their uses and examines socio-demographic factors influencing utilization. Gender, age, occupation, income, and religious beliefs significantly impact plant use. Older generations, with their rich traditional knowledge, frequently use medicinal gingers. Women influence plant use in culinary and medicinal practices. The economic status affects the ability to afford these plants. Data from 170 households were collected through structured questionnaires. Pearson correlation and ANOVA analyses were conducted to understand relationships between socio-demographic factors and plant utilization. The results showed a significant positive correlation between age and medicinal ginger use frequency. Additionally, village location impacts collection habits, with Singai residents collecting more frequently. The study underscores the importance of documenting traditional knowledge for biodiversity conservation and cultural heritage preservation.
This study thoroughly examines the electrical behavior and analog/RF performance of the dual material junctionless (DM-JL) Tree FET by incorporating interface traps at the Si/SiO2 interface. These interface trap charges, which can arise from stress or radiation-induced damage, have the potential to influence the transistor's operating point and overall circuit reliability. To assess the impact of these traps, various parameters are analyzed using the proposed device with single-k (SiO2) and dual-k (SiO2+TiO2) spacer materials. The study finds that, at zero trap charges, the DC and analog/RF parameters are superior in the dual-k spacer device compared to the single-k spacer device. When positive (negative) trap charges are introduced, significant changes are observed: the Ion/Ioff ratio by 26% (37%), the subthreshold swing (SS) by 1.48% (0.59%), and the drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) by 1.62% (2.43%) decreases (increases), respectively as compared to the device with no trap charges. Further, the study measures analog/RF parameters such as gate capacitance, cutoff frequency, and gain bandwidth product, both with and without interface trap charges. Results indicate that the device with dual-k spacers performs better with negative trap charges. The interface trap charges affect the device's performance more severely in the subthre shold region compared to the triode and saturation regions.
Background: Despite extensive efforts by both the community and government, COVID-19 remains a persistent threat. Vaccination and adherence to COVID-appropriate behaviours are crucial in curbing the pandemic. This study aimed to assess awareness, acceptance, and determinants of COVID-19 vaccination. Materials and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study involving 400 respondents after obtaining verbal consent,was conducted between February 5th and February 20th, 2022. Structured questionnaires collected data on socio-demographics, COVID-19 infection/vaccination status, vaccine awareness, motivation, and reasons for refusal. Results: Among 400 respondents, 62.7% were aged 18-40 years, and 67.8% were male. High awareness (96%) of vaccine protection against infection was observed, with 99.8% supporting compulsory vaccination. Most (94.7%) were vaccinated for self-protection, citing efficacy doubts and side effect concerns as primary reasons for refusal. Conclusion: The study highlights satisfactory awareness and positive attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination. Enhanced awareness campaigns and addressing safety concerns can further boost vaccine acceptance. Accurate vaccine information is essential to promote adherence to government guidelines in combating vaccine-preventable diseases.
The Need for Child Psychology and Children's Counselling
1Jayshree Kargatia, 2Dr. Chandra KumariA healthy person is a happy person. Happy people make up a progressive society. This leads to people being fit to face any new challenges that they may come across in the future. The confidence and maturity of a healthy society pave the way to a stress-free atmosphere for all to live in. But what does one mean by a ‘healthy person’? To be in good health means to be healthy, both in body and mind. If the body is unhealthy some symptoms can be noticed. These can be studied and treated by a medical professional. Unfortunately, the symptoms of a disturbed mind are not very overt. Special attention for noticing the troubled behaviours, specific psychological tests need to be conducted to diagnose the problem area, and therapy sessions may be needed along with medicines to handle some severe mental illnesses. If adults need help, they can be vocal about their problems. But this is not the case where children are concerned. Children cannot understand the reasons for their difficulties or their unsuccessful attempts at performing various activities. Hence there is a need to observe them in multiple settings, study their behaviour, check on their developmental milestones and assess their academic growth. Whatever the problem, if checked and handled professionally in the early stages then adjustment for that child is comparatively easier and growth, both physical and mental, can be almost at par with normal children. Hence, seeking professional help and guidance is necessary. Early intervention can make life so much easier for the child, his family and friends.
This study compares the effects of high pressure on the bulk modulus and pressure derivatives of a few nanomaterials, including Ge(13 nm), TiO2, Ni(20 nm), CuO, and Si(4.1 nm), which have better uses in contemporary technology. The pressure dependence of bulk modulus was assessed using the EOS of Vinet and Birch-Murnaghan. It was found that the high-pressure effect is highly dependent on the considered particle size. The current study aims to theoretically predict the bulk modulus of nanomaterials of varying sizes in relation to pressure at a standard temperature. The bulk modulus and pressure derivative of the bulk modulus's trend of change against volume compressions, as we have discovered.
Phytochemical Approaches with their Novel Drug Delivery System towards Treatment of Glaucoma
Zulfa Nooreen1*, Priyanka Verma1, Awani Kumar Rai1, Anshu Gupta, Md Sabir, Ujjwal KumarGlaucoma is a heterogeneous group of optic neuropathies that share characteristic pathognomonic changes to the optic disc and visual field. Glaucoma is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by retinal ganglion cell loss. There are a number of risk factors associated with glaucoma, including age, ethnicity, and family history. The current standard of therapy for glaucoma involves lowering the intraocular pressure through medical, laser, and/or surgical therapy. Nevertheless, there are an increasing number of glaucoma patients that use alternative medicines to treat their glaucoma or supplement their traditional glaucoma management. Ginkgo biloba, Saffron, and medical marijuana are amongst the most commonly used medicinal plants by glaucoma patients. A neurodegenerative disease has a varied pathogenesis scenario, including elevated intraocular pressure, and hypoxic conditions in the retina. The current standard of care for treating glaucoma patients is therapeutic IOP lowering by topical ocular medicines, laser trabeculoplasty, and glaucoma filtration surgery. Several well-controlled clinical trials have demonstrated the importance of IOP-lowering therapy in all phases of the disease. This study explored emerging glaucoma pharmacotherapy approaches based on nanomedicines, such as liposomes, microsphere and nanoparticles. The goal of this article is to provide a thorough overview of the frontier developments, problems, and hotspots that have emerged in the field of nanomedicines, perhaps paving the way for future practical advancements.
This paper seeks to examine the complex relationship between legal frameworks and ESG considerations, examining the ways in which these domains interact, support one another, and occasionally pose problems or conflicts. It will look at how ESG regulations are changing around the world, taking into account the various stances that various governments and regulatory organisations have taken. The way in which businesses negotiate these complexities and incorporate ESG principles into their governance frameworks and strategic decision-making procedures will be demonstrated through case studies and examples. The paper will also critically evaluate how well the current legal frameworks address ESG issues, noting areas where regulatory frameworks may need to change in order to better support sustainable business practices, as well as any enforcement gaps or ambiguities in the requirements for compliance. Through an analysis of how ESG integration affects various stakeholders, such as investors, employees, communities, and society at large, this research seeks to illustrate the concrete advantages as well as possible disadvantages of matching corporate behaviour with ESG objectives within the current legal framework.
A Survey on the Tandem Queueing Models
R.Keerthika1, S.P.Niranjan1, B. Komala Durga2Queueing systems play a pivotal role in modeling and optimizing service processes across diverse industries. Among various Queueing models, the tandem Queueing model stands out as a fundamental and versatile framework. Understanding and effectively analyzing these systems is crucial for improving efficiency, minimizing delays, and enhancing customer satisfaction. This survey reviews the historical development of tandem Queueing theory, elucidates core concepts, and highlights its significance in modern service systems. We also provide an overview of analytical tools and techniques used to evaluate tandem Queueing system performance, covering both classical and contemporary methodologies.Purpose of this paper is to provide an in-depth evaluation and comprehensive overview of tandem Queueing models.
Indirect Tax Reform in India: from VAT to GST
VasaviThe introduction of Goods and Services Tax in India is part of long process of tax reform in India. It has been brought through a constitutional amendment act. The issue of tax cascading was a serious impediment in the realisation of a rationalised tax regime while the need on an integrated indirect tax system was an all time necessity. These concerns led to a step by step movement in the direction of tax reform. Initially the VAT regime was established which recently got replaced with the GST. The GST in India is of a particular type with certain important aspects of it. This paper attempts to discuss the entire shift in the taxation system with the introduction of Goods and Services Tax.
Post-investment exposure, especially in rural areas, is frequently not fully investigated. This study investigates how investors in indigenous chit funds in Kerala, locally called as ‘Kurris’ or ‘Chitties’, behave after making an investment, with the goal of identifying the factors that affect their opinion, satisfaction, perception, and future investment intentions. The study employs a descriptiveas well as an analytical approach, gathering primary data from 200 rural investors in Kerala through structured questionnaires. Additionally, it utilises secondary data from various reports, publications, and journals. The research design is both descriptive and analytical in nature. Even though Chit Fund schemes are common, there is still a lack of understanding regarding investor behavioural post-participation. This study aims to bridge this gap by examining the opinion, attitudes, motivations, and satisfaction levels of investors, thereby guiding efforts to improve financial literacy and inclusion in rural areas. This study also confirms the association between investment satisfaction and behavioural intentions, and the association between investors’ awareness and investment attitude towards Kurris. The study highlights that Kurris are most liquid, flexible, economic, social, co-operative, accessible, simple, and gender neutral indigenous investment avenue for rural and low income populace.
Background: Fluoride is one of the most common, highly reactive and non-biodegradable environmental pollutant. It is found in all natural waterways but groundwater is more contaminated when compared to other water ways. It is because of the geogenic source like rock and sediments rich in fluoride minerals contaminate groundwater. Another source of fluoride is from the phosphate fertilizers, industrial effluents and coal burning in thermal power plants. Fluoride from all these anthropogenic sources comes in contact with precipitation and then it seeps into the earth and contaminate groundwater. Increases in population in India increase demand for water, most of the population in urban and rural areas completely depend upon groundwater for drinking and cooking purpose. So it is very import to check the contaminants in water and remedial measures should be taken to remove the contaminants from the water. Objective: To determine the fluoride concentration in the groundwater of Mandya and Mysore district. Methodology: A total of about 120 water samples were collected from 40 villages of Mysore and Mandya district in 400ml pre-sterilized polyethylene bottles. The water sample was taken from the tap after five minutes of being flushed. Water flow was decreased, the sample was filled to the bottle's shoulder, and the cap was tightened to prevent leaks. The collected water sample was preserved and fluoride concentration was determined by using SPADNS method. Results: Out of 40 villages in Mysore and Mandya district, 15 villages have a greater than the allowed fluoride amount in drinking water, as per WHO guidelines. The remaining villages had fluoride levels below 1.5 mg/L, which is the recommended level of fluoride concentration. The fluoride concentrations ranges of all taluks as follows: KR Pete - 2.3±0.29 to 2.8±0.18ppm, Pandavapura - 0.1±0.34 to 2.8±0.63ppm, Malavalli - 0.1±0.29 – 0.5 ±0.44ppm, Srirangapatana 1.1±0.58 – 2.8±0.69ppm, Nagamangala 2.0±0.1 to 3.0±0.2ppm, Mysore 0 to 2.5±0.1ppm, Hunsur 0.5±0 – 1.29±0ppm, and KR Nagara 0.29±0.18 – 1.43±0.30 ppm. Out of 25 villages, 13 in Mandya district and 1 in Mysore district consists of the maximum fluoride content over the 1.5 mg/L allowable limit.
Drought Mediated Morphological and Physiological Alterationsin legumes
Dr. Suhana Rao1, Dr. Sushil Kumar2, Dr. Sombir Singh3 *, Dr. Vijay Kumar4 & Dr. Neeraj Kumar5Drought stress significantly impends plant growth and agricultural productivity, especially with the increasing global population and climate change.Legumes, which account for a significant portion of global agricultural output and protein supply, are particularly vulnerable to drought, affecting their growth, developmentand yield. Despite the well-documented adverse effects of drought on various crops, there is a lack of comprehensive research on the responses and adaptive mechanisms of legume crops to drought stress. This review explores the multifaceted impacts of drought stress on legumes, from seed germination, morphology, physiological processes to yield outcomes and also the adaptive mechanisms that enable them to tolerate such stress. Understanding these mechanisms is vital for developing strategies to enhance legume productivity under drought conditions.
Biomagnifications of Heavy Metals in Aquatic Inhabitants
Mudity1, Vishal Rajput1*, Vijay Kumar1, Vivek Kumar1, Simran Bhatt1, Survesh Rustagi2The natural aquatic ecosystems are being significantly impacted by the discharge of wastewater containing harmful heavy metals from the industrial sector without proper treatment of contaminated water. As a result, harmful heavy metals collected in various aquatic animal organs, such as fish tissues or organ systems, disrupting their physiological pathways and lowering their rate of development and reproduction. Bioaccumulation is a sustainable method for addressing heavy metal toxicity in polluted aquatic environments. Additionally, by modifying the harmful effects of certain heavy metals, bioremediation aids in improving the physical conditions of fish. Additionally, it contributes to the productivity of aquatic ecosystems by using the proper bioremediation techniques, which can significantly recycle water to reduce water waste and significantly reduce bio-contaminants by decomposing organic matter and increasing environmental biosafety.
Design Thinking as a Pedagogical Approach in Educational Settings: A Systematic Review
Rupali Pandit1, Prof. Ina Shastri2 , Ajay Surana3Design thinking (DT) is a creative, innovative and human-centred mindset and process which employs multi-disciplinary collaborative teams to yield user-focused experiences or services and products. DT stands as a promising teaching approach in education since it is constructed on the notion that student learns through dealing with wicked issues. Such an approach to implement in a school setting is not straightforward. Through systematic literature review, the study enumerates reports, reviews, different scholarly works and theoretical reflections to enhance the understanding of DT context, benefits, affordances, effects, limitations, outcomes and purpose of DT in the education sector. The article explicated the systematic article selection about characteristics of DT, to make it fruitful in education, its approach, how it is innovatively utilised to develop pedagogy in K-12 schools, lessons learnt in its application, techniques and tools applied in DT. The existing literature was reviewed, and studies were synthesised to bring out a preliminary analysis of the researchers on DT to be used as a pedagogical approach in K-12 schools. However, the paper seeks to enunciate how this design education offers a sound-based foundation not alone towards traditional academic education or professionals indulged in knowledge or design-based industries, but significantly it imparts problem-skills like curiosity, innovation, communication, citizenship, empathy, social skills, facilitation, critical ideas thinking and creativity by this DT approach on school students. Since these skills traverse beyond peculiar knowledge-focussed fields and lie sound-based for a person’s career, hence this DT-based education is recommended to be utilised as a paradigm to get adopted in school.
Teacher effectiveness is a cornerstone of educational quality and student achievement. In India, recent reforms under the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, the National Curriculum Framework for Foundational Stage (NCF-FS) 2022, the National Curriculum Framework for School Education (NCF-SE) 2023, and the Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan aim to elevate the quality of teaching across the country. This research paper delves into the concept of teacher effectiveness within the framework of these reforms, exploring how they intend to address challenges in teacher preparation, professional development, and resource allocation. Through a comprehensive analysis, this paper identifies the implications for educational practice and policy, while also highlighting the potential barriers to successful implementation.
The writing of this paper aims to report on the results of research conducted on the conservation and sustainability of turtle in Bakungan Island, Sandakan and Bohey Dulang Island, Semporna in Sabah, Malaysia. Nowadays, turtles have been categorized as among the endangered species of life due to various factors. In fact, this study aims to find out what is the alternatives of conservation and survival of newborn turtle in addition to continuing to release the newly born turtle into the sea only. Based on the study, the method of releasing newly born turtles into the sea is no longer practical nowadays due to the existence of various predators in the coastal areas. The results from this study showing this problem can be overcome by not releasing the newly born turtle directly into the sea but preserved this newly born turtle until the shell of the turtle shell has become hard by using several methods such as the pond, tank and cage.
The Mastery of Malay Language among Tamil School Students
1Thulasirani A/P Munuyandi, 2Salina Husain, 3Mohd Azidan Abdul Jabar, 4Zuraini JusohThis analysis centers on characterizing the degree of verbal mastery of the verb in the Malay language using the questionnaire by Tamil school students. The target of study is to assess the verb mastery in Malay language among Tamil school students through the use of Test application. Besides, this study analyzed the factors that influence verb dominance in the Malay language. The quantitative survey research design was utilized to convey questionnaires among 100 Tamil students. The outcomes show that Tamil students are as yet weak on Malay verb data while utilizing the test (N = 1.96; SD = 0.46). This shows that Tamil students are as yet unfit to offer enormous displays and are truly impacted by their primary language. Its essentials are feeble in Malay because of its attitude, absence of teaching materials, teacher attitude, and parental point of view. The consequences of this study shows that all groups ought to assume a part in further developing the verb dominance of the Malay verb utilized by Tamil students. This implies that they don't keep away from training, particularly in issues of the Malay language. Later on the verb mastery of English language can be investigated using test application.
Impact of Religion on Populace Participation in Politics for National Development
Adeyemi Olusegun Adewuyi1, Victor Ifatokun2, Ajani, Ezekiel Oladapo3This paper examined the Impact of Religion on Populace Participation in Politics for National Development. Religion, the opium of the masses, has become a strong determining factor for people’s participation in politics. The influence of religion on politics is visible in the participation of the populace in political matters or issues. This means religion can enhance or affect national development. The research adopted a descriptive design while data was reported qualitatively. Findings revealed that religion had contributed positively and negatively to politics and that some adherence to religious and moral values enhanced peace and national development. At the same time, some disturbed progressive peace and national development. The work recommends that political officeholders adhere to the positive tenets of their faiths, which promote the welfare of the human race.
Green Solutions: Handmade Paper from the Invasive Weed Artemisia Absinthium
1Dr. M. Vishnu Priya*,2Dr. K. Rajaprian,3Mr. S. Arul,4Ms. K. ShaliniThis study explores the potential of Artemisia absinthium, commonly known as wormwood, as a sustainable raw material for paper production. As environmental concerns about deforestation and pollution grow, the search for alternative, eco-friendly resources becomes increasingly important. A. absinthium, known for its fast growth and abundance, offers a promising solution. The research involved the extraction and processing of fibers from wormwood plants, followed by their conversion into pulp suitable for paper manufacturing. The mechanical and chemical properties of the resulting paper were evaluated and compared with conventional wood-based paper. Results indicated that wormwood-derived paper exhibits comparable strength, durability, and printability, while also being more biodegradable. Additionally, the cultivation of the weed requires fewer agricultural inputs, such as water and fertilizers, making it a more sustainable crop. This study also highlights the economic benefits for farmers and industries in regions where wormwood is readily available. By utilizing A. absinthium as a raw material, the paper industry can reduce its ecological footprint and contribute to a more sustainable future. Further research is recommended to optimize the processing techniques and explore the potential of combining wormwood fibres with other natural fibres to enhance paper quality. The findings of this study advocate for the inclusion of A. absinthium in the repertoire of raw materials for eco-friendly paper production, marking a significant step towards sustainable industrial practices.
The Impact of Sustainability Reporting on the Brand Performance
1Agama, Emieseifa James,2Udoh, Francis Sylvanus, 3Diyoke, Kenneth Onyeka, 4Saji George, 5Nwoye May IfeomaSustainability reporting has established itself as an essential tool capable of assisting firms and organisations in meeting the rising need for openness from consumers, investors, other stakeholders, and society in general. The study was necessitated following the persistent application of sustainability reporting tools to influence brand performance. The study adopts a cross sectional survey research design, and with an infinite population A sample size 384, the proportionate sampling technique was used in administering the five-point Likert scale structured questionnaire to different categories of the banks’ customers. The result of the study indicated that on a general note, the impact of sustainability reporting on brand performance of the banks is significant. Also, after the introduction of mediating variable media exposure, the model R-square and R-square adjusted was seen to have improved (68.2% and 67.9%) respectively, implying that the introduction of the mediation variable improves the explanatory power of the model and thus more robust. Based on these findings the study concluded that organisations need to report and communicate their sustainability efforts to enhance the perception of their customers. The study recommends the deepening of social responsibility through the improvement of engagement via the media. Similarly, there is the need for the banks to ensure transparency, participation, and accountability in communicating their corporate social responsibility activities.
The Impact of Work-Related Stress on Job Burnout among Nurses: A Systematic Review
1Ahmed Faisal Aloudah*; 2Abdulaziz Abdulwahab Mohammad Alshehri; 3Ali Mathkar Almutairi; 4Abdulaziz Awad sh Alanazi; 5Faris Saad Almutairi & 6Tareq Rajeh AlbagamiThe current study aims to systematically review and analyze the relationship between work-related stress and job burnout among nurses, focusing on how stress contributes to burnout development. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (Prisma) guidelines. The review searched databases including Medline, Psyc Info, Pub Med, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science from January 2018 to June 2024, supplemented by Google Scholar and manual reference list checks, with duplicate records removed. The review included 19 studies involving 10,486 nurses, including 18 cross-sectional and one qualitative study. Findings revealed a range of burnout and stress levels among nurses, from low to high, with most studies confirming a positive relationship between work-related stress and burnout. Additionally, some research indicated that work-related stress impacts burnout indirectly through various mediating factors. The review highlights the need for interventions that address stress management and mediators to effectively reduce burnout among nurses, suggesting that future research should focus on longitudinal studies and the exploration of mediators in diverse settings to better understand and mitigate burnout in nursing practice.
"Unlocking Ecotourism Opportunities through Biodiversity Conservation in Pench National Park"
Ku. Neeleshwari1, Sanjay Singh Chauhan2 & Ravikant Singh3*This study explores the potential of unlocking ecotourism opportunities in Pench National Park through biodiversity conservation. By analysing the park’s rich biodiversity, including key species such as the Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris), Indian leopard (Panthera pardus fusca), and numerous bird species, we examine the synergy between conservation efforts and ecotourism development. The study used a mixed-methods approach, combining field surveys, interviews with local stakeholders, and data analysis of wildlife population trends and tourist influx. Results indicate a 15% increase in wildlife sightings over the last three years, correlating with a 20% rise in ecotourism activities. Data from local communities highlight that 65% of households now benefit economically from tourism-related activities, showing that biodiversity conservation efforts directly support sustainable livelihoods. However, challenges such as habitat fragmentation and human-wildlife conflict were noted, necessitating more integrated conservation strategies. The findings demonstrate that Pench National Park has significant potential for ecotourism, but success hinges on continuous conservation efforts and stakeholder collaboration. Ecotourism, if developed responsibly, can provide a sustainable economic model while preserving the park’s ecological integrity, ultimately supporting both conservation and local development goals.
Insurgency in Assam: with Special Refrence to the ULFA in the Last Decade of the 20th Century
Dr. Shirumoni BaruahAssam considered as the gateway to the Northeast of India was a hot bed for numerous socio-political crises in the last two decades of the 20th centuries. It is a land of rich natural resources such as oil, tropical forest, tea, coal, timber, silk etc. The strong sense of exploitation and deprivation has helped to generate the separatist tendencies among the masses of the region. It is said that Assamese nationalism articulated first in 1979 as a protest against immigration from Bangladesh. A moderate section of leaders of the Assam movement demanded detection and deportation of all foreigners from Assam. On the other hand the radicals formed the militant organization i.e. ULFA (United Liberation Front of Assam). During this period some youths decided to take arms to carry out armed struggle to bring a revolutionary change in the political sphere of the state. Corruption in the government machinery, unemployment, influx of illegal migrants, exploitation of natural resources by the Central government without any benefit of the local people contribute the youths to support ULFA. During its first five years of it establishment this militant organization had not only engaged in some unlawful activities but also on some constructive works. But gradually, they lost its popularity and strength due to numerous factors. In this work an attempt has been made to analyze the activities of ULFA which had a great impact on socio-political and economic scenario of Assam in the last decade of the 20th century
This study aims to investigate the challenges and opportunities in Pakistan's international trade, focusing on the impact of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) on trade volumes with key partners. Employing a gravity model, the research assesses the effects of FTAs on trade volumes between Pakistan and its principal trading partners, including the U.S., EU, and China. Additionally, a TOWS analysis is conducted to develop strategies for maximizing export potential and reducing import reliance. The findings reveal that Pakistan has not fully leveraged FTAs to enhance trade volumes, despite substantial trade potential. The analysis highlights the need for improved infrastructure and strategic FTA implementation to boost exports. Diversifying trade partnerships and entering new markets are identified as crucial for achieving sustainable economic growth .This study provides a comprehensive analysis of Pakistan's trade dynamics through the lens of FTAs and offers practical recommendations for policymakers. The insights can guide strategies to strengthen Pakistan's trade performance and economic stability.
"Digital Technologies- Innovation and Challenges towards M-Banking using IRT"
1Gazal Sharma*: 2Dr. Monika Mathur**Digital Banking has seen remarkable growth in both advanced and developing economies, but it is particularly intriguing in a number of emerging nations like India. However, mobile banking systems encounter a number of benefits as well as barriers. The failure of banking clients to embrace mobile banking is a significant challenge. Purpose: The study aims to provide light on the skepticism around applications for mobile banking. The present standards for evaluating user resistance to mobile banking apps are modified by this research. The study used the Innovation Resistance Model to examine the relationships between a number of consumer barriers and their behavioral intent to use mobile banking apps, as well as their perception of trust. Design/Methodology Approach: Primary data from 500 respondents through questionnaire has been collected through simple random sampling technique. Partial Least Square- Structural Equation Modelling Technique is applied to analyse the results. Findings: The study found that the value barrier along with traditional barriers, served as a major deterrent to people's non adoption of mobile banking. The findings suggest that the removal of barriers related with customers' perceptions of value as well as risk in banking are also important factors, followed by the provision of information and awareness programmes by financial institutions. Practical Implication: Customers can benefit in a number of ways from mobile banking features, some of which may have far-reaching effects on the digital economy. The study will assist banks in understanding and implementing strategies for the adoption process, enabling them to improve the quality of services offered to their customers. Theoretical Implication: This study aims to give an insight on consumers’ behavioural intention towards the factors considered as resistance for the adoption of technology under Innovation Resistance Technology Model.
Analysis of the Bibliometric method is a guideline for undertaking research that helps to understand the prevailing body of knowledge. The study used bibliometrics analysis to understand present-day research trends in Economic Growth, Employment, and Poverty Reduction. Web of Science (WOS) database is used to extract relevant research in the area of Economic Growth, Employment, and Poverty published from 1989 to 2023. The research analysis used Web of Science, Microsoft Excel, and VOS-viewer. This study identified the, vastly cited publications, noted authors, substantial themes, and co-citations in research trends showing interlinkages between Economic Growth, Employment, and Poverty Reduction. The findings of the research will hold substantial importance for scholars, researchers, and policymakers as they will gain insights into the focal points, emerging themes, and the overall progression of research in this field. Moreover, it will facilitate the identification of prolific authors, institutions, or regions that significantly contribute to the literature on linkages of poverty, employment, and a country’s economic growth.
Estimation of Salivary Sialic Acid Levels in Chronic Period on this Patients
Dr. Sri Sruthi Preman1,*Dr. Beeula.A2, Dr. S. Shamala3, Dr. Devi. M4, Dr. Adhithya. B5 & Dr. Kokila. S6Background: Gingivitis and periodontitis stand as the most common oral ailments, impact in gapproximately 50% of the adult human population. SA serves as a significant source of bacterial pathogens and plays a crucial role in the colonization of periodontal pathogens. It facilitates bacterial aggregation and contributes to the formation of pellicle and dental plaque. Aim: Toestimate and comparethesalivary Sialicacidlevelsinhealthy controls, gingivitis& chronic periodontitis patients. Material and Methods: Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from 60 participants Group I, (healthy controls, n=20), Group II (gingivitis, n=20), Group III (Individuals with periodontitis, n=20). Evaluation of periodontal health was done by calculating plaque index, measuring probing depth, and Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL). The saliva samples were collected, and centrifuged at8000 rpm for 12mins and biochemical analysis was done using the Acidic Ninhydrin method. Results: The mean salivary sialic acid levels in Group 3, Group 2, and Group 1 were 1.4785μg/ml, 1.115μg/ml, and 0.43μg/ml. These differences were found to best atistically significant (p<0.001). It is clear that as the severity of periodontal disease progresses from Group I to III, the average levels of SA in saliva also noticeably rise from Group I to Group III. Conclusion: Our study has shown significant results of increased salivary Sialic acid levels in periodontitis compared to healthy controls. Thereby estimation of salivary sialic acid levels is noninvasive, reliable, and cost-effective can be used as an adjunctto determine the current periodontal disease status, and monitor response to therapy, and assess the treatment outcomes.
Crosstalk Noise Modeling for Coupled SWCNT Bundle Interconnects using MRTD Technique
Dr. Bhaskar Gugulothu & Dr. B. Rajendra NaikThis paper analyzes the crosstalk effects of resistive driven single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) bundle interconnects. The wavelet-based numerical model Multiresolution Time Domain (MRTD) approach is used for interconnects analysis. The performance of the proposed model MRTD against the traditional Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) model and the SPICE tool is used to evaluate the global interconnects at 32nm technology node. Mathematical equations are done using MATLAB. For various test cases, the effect of line resistances on crosstalk effects were evaluated for delay measurement, while in-phase, out-phase and functional crosstalk, the average errors is observed to be less than 2.9%, 1.86% and 1.78% respectively, and also the estimated noise peak voltage, is less than 1 percent on average. In that observation, proposed MRTD model dominates the traditional FDTD as accurately as the results of the SPICE simulation. This approach can be used to resolve the problems of electromagnetic interference and electromagnetic compatibility of on-chip interconnects.
Quantitative Study on the Preferred Mode of Counselling in Botswana: Group Versus Individual
1Tshidi M Wyllie, 2Rethabile Rittah Mmonadibe, 3Muraina K. OlanrewajuCounselling is one of the evidence-based interventions intended to help people processthe psychosocial challenges they face in day-to-day life. It is considered an effective service to help people cope with mentally draining issues. Often people facing various psychosocial challenges seek counselling and are referred by family members or employers for psychosocial support in the hope of finding relief, addressing emotional dysregulation and processing related issues. Therefore, counselling can be helpful for people experiencing various stressors such as divorce, grief, loss of a job, financial problems and many other socio-economic challenges. Often, two modes of counselling are used by psychotherapists and counsellors; Individual and Group counselling. The main purpose of this study was to establish the most preferred mode of counselling in Botswana, determine the fears individuals have towards Group counselling and examine why Batswana are uncomfortable with counselling. The findings of this quantitative study revealed that majority of Batswana prefer individual counselling as opposed to group counselling. The study deployed a quantitative research method and collected quantitative data through the use of a questionnaire. An online survey was conducted through Google Forms and the Google link for the questionnairewas shared on social media platforms such as Facebook, Linked Inand WhatsApp. Respondents consented online and only 100 respondents took part. The study established that people have fears of accessing group counselling due to confidentiality concerns. The authors of this article concludethat the majority of Batswana prefer individual counselling to group counselling, provide recommendations for creating awareness, and clinical supervision of counsellorsand suggestpossible future research areas.
Magnetic therapy utilizing Pulsed Electro Magnetic Field (PEMF) and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) has emerged as a promising non-invasive neuromodulating therapy for the treatment of various chronic pain syndromes. This paper highlights the effectiveness of PEMF and TENS in providing pain relief, as reported by numerous patients. Researchers have been investigating the impact of electric and magnetic fields on biological tissues to better understand the mechanisms underlying these therapies [1][2]. The efficacy of TENS is influenced by several factors, including the specific condition being treated, the placement of electrodes on the skin, and the settings of the TENS unit such as pulse frequency, duration, and intensity [3][4]. However, despite the widespread use of TENS, there remains a need for further evaluation of its effectiveness, particularly in assessing parameters such as stiffness and lack of mobilization [5][6]. Future studies should aim to comprehensively explore these factors to enhance our understanding of TENS efficacy and optimize its therapeutic outcomes for chronic pain management [7]. Superficial Heating Modalities (SHM) represent valuable therapeutic tools in the management of musculoskeletal conditions and pain syndromes [8][9]. Whether applied superficially or deeply, heat therapy can effectively alleviate pain, improve flexibility, and enhance tissue healing [10][11]. By understanding the mechanisms of action and clinical applications of different heating modalities, healthcare professionals can optimize their use to promote patient comfort and recovery [12][13]. The 50 Hz vibration in physiotherapy kits enhances muscle function, circulation, and healing [14][15]. The device generates 50 cycles per second, stimulating muscle spindles, leading to a tonic vibration reflex (TVR) that improves muscle tone and strength by repeated contractions [16][17]. It increases neural activity, improving neuromuscular pathways, muscle coordination, and control, beneficial for rehabilitation and training [18]. Enhanced blood flow and lymphatic circulation from vibrations aid in faster recovery and reduced soreness by dilating blood vessels [19]. It also modulates pain by stimulating large-diameter afferent nerve fibers, inhibiting pain signal transmission through the spinal cord, reducing pain sensation in treated areas [20].
Deep Learning Image Processing in Medicinal Plant Industry Approach
1Amrita Arjun Kindalkar, 2Dr. J. Venkata KrishnaBackground/Purpose: The integration of deep learning techniques in image processing has shown significant potential in various fields, including the identification and analysis of medicinal plants. Methodology/Approach: The relevant information and specifics for this case study on image processing using deep learning were gathered from a number of research projects that were presented at conferences, reference papers, and websites pertaining to the medicinal plant business. Developing a theoretical notion may be achieved by constructing the model and doing analysis using the ABCD substructure. Findings/Results: By enhancing the accuracy and efficacy of plant identification and analysis, the use of deep learning image processing in medicinal plants has the potential to completely transform the sector. Conclusion: This research examines the applicability and significance of deep learning and recognition of images in the current context of the medicinal plant sector. Paper Type: Analysis of the research based on the case study.